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SIP Crash Course

January 2011

Agenda

IntroductionWhat is SIP

What is it not

Basic ArchitectureProxy

Redirect

Location Server

Registrar

SIP ProtocolRequest

Response

Addressing

Sending a request

Routing

Dialog

Scenarios

What is SIP

Provides infrastructure for routing messages.

Provides a way for end-points to register their current location.

SIP creates and manages sessions.

Allows parties to agree on a set of compatible media types.

Session can be anything:Voice/Video/Gaming/Chat

Introduction

What SIP is not

SIP does not provide complete multimedia solution.

Since SIP is a signaling protocol, it cannot guarantee the QoS in the established session.

It is not a billing protocol

Introduction

SIP Components

Two main elementsUser Agents (UA)User Agent Client (UAC)

User Agent Server (UAS)

ServersProxy (stateful & stateless) forwards the request to the next hop

Registrar accepts register requests

Redirect Server finds alternative locations

Location Service stores bindings*

Basic Architecture

Proxy forwards the request to the next hop. One type of proxy is a location based proxy, which will use the information found in the Location Service in order the final destination, to which it will forward the request. Note, the message will most likely not go directly the address found in the location service and has to do with a number of factors. One such factor are if there are any pre-loaded routes in the message, which we will talk more about later.

Registrar responsible for maintaining contact addresses associated with a particular AOR (aka a binding). This is accomplished through REGISTER requests. The bindings are stored in the Location Service.

Location Service more of a concept than anything else and is basically just a simple database storing mappings between AORs and contact addresses.

Redirect Server will actually not forward the request to the next hop but will simply suggest alternative locations where the intended target may be reached (sends back 3xx responses).

Question:

SIP Messages

Like HTTP Requests/Response modelUAC sends the Request, UAS responds.

Requests starts with a request lineINVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0

MethodsINVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, REGISTER, OPTION

More defined by extensions

SIP Protocol

SIP Messages

Responses with a status lineSIP/2.0 200 OK

Response Codes:1xx Provisional.

2xx Success.

3xx Redirection.

4xx Client Error.

5xx Server Error.

6xx - Global Failures.

SIP Protocol

1xx: Provisional -- request received, continuing to process the request;

2xx: Success -- the action was successfully received, understood, and accepted;

3xx: Redirection -- further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request;

4xx: Client Error -- the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled at this server;

5xx: Server Error -- the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request;

6xx: Global Failure -- the request cannot be fulfilled at any server.(rfc3261, section 7.2)

Basic User Scenario

SIP Protocol

INVITE sip:[email protected]

INVITE sip:[email protected]

180 Ringing

180 Ringing

ACK

ACK

200 OK

200 OK

Proxy

Alice

Bob

Session EstablishmentThree way handshake

Questions: * Does 180 has any purpose? If so, what? Only for humans?* Any cool usage for 180?* How did the proxy know to contact Bob at the specified IP?* At what point is the session established?* Could you have multiple sessions being established due to this one INVITE? If so, how?

INVITE Request

INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
To:
From: ;tag=987lkajsdf89au
Call-ID: lkjasdf90989lkj
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 450
Record-Route:
Record-Route:
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.168.0.122:5060;branch=xxx;rport
...
Contact:

SIP Protocol

Identify the different parts of the message * What is the via header used for? * what is the Contact header used for? * To? From? Etc

200 OK Response

SIP/2.0 200 OK
To: ;tag=89uasdkfjoiu
From: ;tag=987lkajsdf89au
Call-ID: lkjasdf90989lkj
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.168.0.122:5060;branch=xxx;rport
...
Contact:
Record-Route:
Record-Route:
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 451

SIP Protocol

SIP Headers

Headers carries important information about e.g. routing or request and responses.

Similar in syntax and meaning to HTTP

The more important headers:To & From

Via

Contact

Call-ID

Route & Record-Route

CSeq

SIP Protocol

Addressing

SIP-address is used to locate and communicate with other users.sip:[email protected]

sips:[email protected]

Each user typically have an Address of Record (AOR), through which that user can be contacted.

SIP Protocol

Constructing a request

Request line

Headers (the minimum)To

From

Call-ID

Via

Cseq

Max-Forwards

SIP Protocol

Sending the request

Most compute the destination.Transport

Port

IP-address
RFC 3263 describes how to compute these

The procedures of 3263 are applied to which URI?

SIP Protocol

Routing

SIP uses DNS to resolve sip-addresses.

SIP:s routing capability is very strong.

Requests uses Route-headers and the request-uri to traverse the network.

Responses use Via-headers.

SIP Protocol

Routing

SIP Protocol

To:
From: ;tag=987lkajsdf89au
Call-ID: lkjasdf90989lkj
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact:

Route:

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.168.0.122:3156;branch=xxx;rport

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 62.72.129.14:5060;branch=yyy;rport

Record-Route:

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 182.62.114.75:5060;branch=xyz;rport

outbound.whatever.com

INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0

INVITE sip:[email protected];transport=TCP SIP/2.0

;tag=89uasdkfjoiu

Routing

SIP Protocol

outbound.whatever.com

SIP/2.0 200 OK
To: ;tag=89uasdkfjoiu
From: ;tag=987lkajsdf89au
Call-ID: lkjasdf90989lkj
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact:
Record-Route:

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.168.0.122:5060;branch=xxx;rport

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 62.72.129.14:5060;branch=yyy;rport

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 182.62.114.75:5060;branch=xyz;rport

Dialog

A dialog is a peer-to-peer relationship between two end-points that lasts for some time.

Facilitates proper routing between the two end-points.

Maintains state

Identified through a Dialog id

Only a few messages are dialog creating.

When the dialog is established depends on the method.

SIP Protocol

The End

Jonas Borjesson [email protected]

Jonas Borjesson [email protected]