Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the...

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Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first hing you need to do is diagnose the difference betw Singular and General terms or statements.

Transcript of Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the...

Page 1: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms or statements.

Page 2: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

This is not the same as:

Singular vs. Plural.

Page 3: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

This is not the same as:

Singular vs. Plural.

Individual

Page 4: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Individual

Page 5: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Translating Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Individual

Socrates is a man

Page 6: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Translating Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Individual

Socrates is a Man

Page 7: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Translating Singular Terms

In predicate logic translation the firstthing you need to do is diagnose the difference between:

Singular and General terms.

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Individual

Socrates is a Man

Ms

Page 8: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Identifying Singular Terms

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Socrates

Page 9: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Identifying Singular Terms

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Socrates

Jim’s cat

Page 10: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Identifying Singular Terms

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Socrates

Jim’s cat

he, she, it, this, that

Page 11: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Identifying Singular Terms

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Socrates

Jim’s cat

he, she, it, this, that

the first man on the moon

Page 12: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

Identifying Singular Terms

A singular (individual) term picks out a unique individual.

Socrates

Jim’s cat

he, she, it, this, that

some cat

a cat

WRONG!‘some’ and ‘a’

are always general

Page 13: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

The which test is designed to distinguish singular from general terms.

Page 14: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:

A: Socrates is a man.B: Which person did you have in mind?A: No particular person.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

The which test is designed to distinguish singular from general terms.

Page 15: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:

A: Socrates is a man.B: Which person did you have in mind?A: No particular person.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

ANSWER: NO IT COULD NOT

SO: The term ‘Socrates’ is singular.

The which test is designed to distinguish singular from general terms.

Page 16: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:

A: A cat ruined the couch.B: Which cat did you have in mind?A: No particular cat.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

ANSWER: YES IT COULD!

SO: The term ‘a cat’ is NOT singular.

The which test is designed to distinguish singular from general terms.

Page 17: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:

A: The cat ruined the couch.B: Which cat did you have in mind?A: No particular cat.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

ANSWER: NO IT COULD NOT!

SO: The term ‘the cat’ is singular.

The which test is designed to distinguish singular from general terms.

Page 18: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:

A: He who defiles an Egyptian tomb must die.B: Which person did you have in mind?A: No particular person.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

ANSWER: YES IT COULD!

SO: The term ‘he’ is NOT singular in this case.

Although ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and ‘the X’ are usually singular, they can be general.

Page 19: Singular Terms In predicate logic translation the first thing you need to do is diagnose the difference between: Singular and General terms or statements.

The Which Test

Imagine a conversation:A: The whale is a mammal.B: Which whale did you have in mind?A: No particular whale.

ASK: Could this be coherent?

ANSWER: YES IT COULD!

SO: The term ‘the whale’ is NOT singular in this case.

Although ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and ‘the X’ are usually singular, they can be general.

For more click here

http://www.class.uh.edu/classes/PHIL1321/Contents/PowerPoints/II2.2Some.ppt

PREDICATE LOGIC - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia · Artificial Intelligence 13 2.2 Predicate Calculus (13) Definition - First-order Predicate Calculus First-order predicate calculus

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