15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 11

Economic Aspects of e-Governance

Single window system

for +1 admission

Meenu S. Babu

Priya S.

Sreekumar D

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 22

Single Window System

It is an online mechanism introduced by the Directorate of Higher Secondary Education for the admission procedure of +1 students in the Govt. and Aided Higher Secondary Schools.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 33

Objective

Admissions are to be done purely on merit and the prevailing reservation criteria in all the Govt. Schools and as per the norms in Aided Schools.

Make the admission process easy and transparent. It also gives scope for a social auditing to find out whether the managements were admitting students as per the norms.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 44

Old system

Students have to buy and fill up the application for each school in which he desired to seek admission.

Admission will be done based on the rank list prepared in each school by the school authorities.

Time delay in all the stages of admission procedure, since it is done manually.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 55

Problems identified in the old system

Lack of course knowledge among the students. No proper way to conduct the admission

procedure. Admission procedure is complex and time

consuming. Possibility of manual error while preparing the

rank list.Contd…

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 66

Problems identified in the old system

Lack of transparency in the admission procedure.

Political interference. No proper system to monitor weightage marks Interviews and other formalities are held in same

day.Contd…

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 77

Problems identified in the old system

Volume of data is very high No scope for re-option. High expenditure and time for physically going

to many schools. Vacancies are not fully filled in most of the

schools

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 88

Need for adoption of technology

The volume of data is very high. Centralised allotment. Directorate can monitor entire process It is Frustrating, Lacked Transparency and

Accountability To create an efficient and transparent

admission procedure.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 99

An over view

No. of students : 5 lakh No. of seats available : 342005 No. of schools : 1435 No. of courses (combinations) offered : 44

Science – 9Humanities – 31Commerce – 4

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1010

New system - Pilot project

In 2007 – 2008 academic year Pilot project of Single Window system successfully implemented in Thiruvananthapuram District.

It helps to process 24555 merit seats in 117 HSS.

State level implementation from 2008 – 2009 academic year onwards.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1111

Present Admission process

Only one application should be submitted to any one of the HSS in a district.

Can choose any no. schools and courses with in the district.

Uploading each application details from the schools to the central server by school authorities.

Admission process is undertaken by the Directorate.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1212

Present Admission process

Make trial allotment and give permission to students for a re-option.

Publish the allotment list and start the admission procedure.

Allotments continues till all the seats are filled.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1313

Nature of service

Not a Public Good

The service offered through this system is excludable. Students have to buy the application forms after remitting a fee. Internet facility is required for verifying the allotment list.

Govt. ensure that all the schools are willing to provide internet facility to avail re option and verify the status of allotment at free of cost.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1414

Nature of service

Non Rival It is not rival because the application of 1 candidate

does not affect of another candidate from applying.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1515

How much to Produce?

Depends upon the no of students who successfully complete their SSLC or equivalent exams. It does not depend on other external factors. Accommodate 342005 students in 1435 schools from about 5 lakh students.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1616

How to produce?

As the level of technology increases use of manual labor decreases. The combination should be such that it minimize cost.

Combinations:

Fully manual Labor cost is high (Old)

Partially online Labor + Technology

(Current system)

Online Technology intensive

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1717

Transaction cost

Transaction cost is reduced (students/parents) compared to the old system

In the current system students need to go only once for any one of the schools for buying the application instead of 3 – 5 schools in previous system. He can apply to any no.of schools at no extra cost which increases the possibility of getting an admission. As far as the schools are concerned the chance of vacant seats are also reduced.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1818

Transaction cost

In the fully online system, there is no need for buying the application. The applicant has to submit the application online and can choose as many schools and options as they wish with out any extra cost.

In this case transaction cost is comparatively very low compared to the other two cases.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 1919

Diffusion of technology

Since it is mandatory to all applicants there is no question about the diffusion of technology.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2020

Asymmetric information

Students are aware about the different combination of courses offered in each school. Trial allotment and re option helps the students for selecting a better option. And thus it helps for getting more students to accommodate.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2121

Procurement Issues

All the H/W components purchased through open tender. Even though Keltron quoted higher (7%) its mandatory that even if it is 10% more, Keltron has to be selected.

Server is at State Data Centre which provides free hosting.

S/W developed by Central Govt agency – NIC AMC with Keltron for hardware maintenance.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2222

Soft budget constraint

Now students have to purchase the application forms at a cost of Rs 10/-

If it is made online, it will be free of cost

Revenue generation is not expected due to soft budget constraints.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2323

Economies of scale

The software that was initially developed for use in one district is now used for all districts in the state at minimal extra cost.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2424

Crowding

At the time of re option and admission all the schools are trying to update/ modify the data base. In this time there is a crowding.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2525

Production Externality

Students get better option and more students get opportunity to get admitted for +1 course.

This has an effect in the society as a whole.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2626

Economies of Governance

Cost minimisation – Service provided free of cost.

Hiring labour – New appointments are cost incurring, so services of existing employees are utilised.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2727

Financial commitment - study based on students

Particulars Previous Model Existing ModelTechnology intensive Model

Application cost 10 10 0

Avg.no.of Appns 5 1 1

Transaction cost per parent/student 250 50 0

Expense per parent/student 300 60 50

No. of students 500000 500000 500000

Total impact 150000000 30000000 25000000

Difference from earlier model 120000000 125000000

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2828

Study based on parentsIncome lost in terms of working hours

Particulars Previous Model Existing ModelTechnology intensive Model

Avg.no.of visit 3 3 0

No. of schools 5 1 1

Income lost per day 300 300 300

No. of students 500000 500000 500000

Total 2250000000 450000000 0

Difference 1800000000 2250000000

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 2929

Conclusion

It is seen that proper implementation of e – governance improves the economic status of the society.

15 Feb 201015 Feb 2010 3030

Thank you