Single Phase Test at CERN Cryostat/Cryogenics Update David Montanari / Johan Bremer/ Jack Fowler /...

Single Phase Test at CERNCryostat/Cryogenics Update

David Montanari / Johan Bremer/ Jack Fowler / Dimitar Mladenov / Barry Norris / Rahul Sharma

Mar 20, 2015Rev. 12

Single Phase test at CERN Requirements 2

Outline

• Intro• Cryostat• Outer structure• Cryostat top• Infrastructures• Cryogenic system• Summary

Mar 20, 2015


Intro

• The goals of this prototype have already been described in previous talks.

• The general idea is to build a flexible facility that can potentially host other detectors in the future.

• These slides present the requirements for the cryostat and cryogenic systems and the status of the cryostat design.

Mar 20, 2015


Assumptions for TPC configuration• APA: three (3) wide and one (1) high. 6,000 mm x 2,300 mm APA dimensions.

Equates to ~ 6,884 mm total height. Also assumes the frame will be produced with 4” x 3” structural tubing.

– Note: the cryostat height will be based on a 6,600 mm APAs even though we plan to use 6,000 mm APAs to allow flexibility for future testing.

• CPA: to cover APA area

• CPA-APA-CPA, with the possibility to do APA-CPA-APA.

• Drift distance: 2,500 mm for each side of APA.

• Orientation: parallel to the walls of the cryostat.

• Clearances:– 400 mm from floor to CPA to prevent HV discharge (includes 100 mm for piping on

the floor).

– 1,000 mm on 3 sides to allow for access and egress around the outside of the TPC.

– 300 mm of liquid above the CPA to prevent HV discharge.

– 1,200 mm on hatch end of TPC for cryogenic piping and instrumentation.

• Ullage: 900 mm (based on the far detector design).Mar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Type of structure Membrane cryostat

Membrane material SS 304/304L, 316/316L or equivalent. Other materials upon approval.

Fluid Liquid Argon (LAr)

Outside reinforcement (Support structure) Self standing steel enclosure. Might include embedded heaters to prevent steel from freezing.

TPC size (Field Cage + Frame)CPA-APA-CPA Configuration (APA-CPA-APA possible)

Length: 5,282 mm (Transverse to beam)Width: 7,322 mm (Parallel to beam)Total Height: 6,305 mm

Minimum clearance of TPC (Back) 1,200 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) *Minimum clearance of TPC (Front) 1,000 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) *Minimum clearance of TPC (Sides) 1,000 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) *Minimum clearance of TPC (Floor) 400 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) *Depth of LAr above TPC 300 mm (Over the CPA bar)Minimum depth of LAr inside cryostat 7,491 mm (from the floor)Ullage 900 mm (to match the Far Detector to test TPC supports)

Maximum static heat leak 10 W/m2 (Sides/Floor)15 W/m2 (Roof)

Cryostat Requirements – 1

Note (*): The TPC clearances are set to allow for installation of TPC from inside the cryostatMar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Vapor barrier Stainless steel plates (part of support structure)Insulation thickness 900 mm (it was 800 mm. Updated to reflect GTT standard dimensions)Secondary barrier GTT design (sandwiched within the insulation). Liquid tight.Membrane thickness (GTT) 1.2 mm (assumed 2 mm to calculate outer structure)Corrugation height 60 mm (to be changed to 70 mm)

Minimum inner dimensions cryostat 7,282 mm (Transverse) x 9,522 mm (Parallel) x 8,391 m (H) *(flat plate to flat plate)

Operating gas pressure Positive pressure. Nominally 70 mbar (~1 psig)Design Pressure 345 mbarg (~5 psig)Design Temperature 77 K (liquid Nitrogen temperature for flexibility)Leak tightness 1E-6 mbar*l/secAll surfaces in the ullage during operations < 100K

Penetrations- 1 Side penetrations through the membrane at the lowest

possible/practical elevation for LAr circulation and purification.- 2 Beam windows. See location on drawings. Size TBD.

Accessibility after operations Capability to empty the cryostat in 30 days and access it in 60 days after shutdown.

Lifetime / Thermal cycles Consistent with LAr program. 20 cool down and total warm ups.

Cryostat Requirements – 2

Mar 20, 2015

Note (*): The dimensions are calculated assuming to be able to insert a 6.6m high TPC inside the cryostat as well. The current one is only 6.0 m high.


Parameter Value

Configuration Self standing steel enclosure. Might include embedded heaters to prevent steel from freezing (Floor + Sides).

Vapor barrier Stainless steel plates connected to the I-beams of the support structure.

Minimum inner dimensions 9,086 mm (Transverse) x 11,326 mm (Parallel) x 9,295 m (H)(flat plate to flat plate)

Design Pressure 345 mbarg (~5 psig)

LAr + GAr load- 949 ton (Bottom)- 547 ton (Long side)- 418 ton (Short side)

Uplift force (top) - 239 ton (GAr)

Additional loads - Loads transferred from the top plate down to the support structure- Grading at the top (TBD)

Seismic load CERN regulation

Penetrations

- 1 side penetrations from the inner membrane at the lowest possible/practical elevation for LAr circulation and purification.

- 2 Beam windows. See location on drawings. Dimensions TBD.- 4 side penetrations for GAr purge in insulation (2 In, 2 Out). Location

and size TBD.

Maximum deflection towards outside TBDDesign code CERN regulation

Outer Structure Requirements

Mar 20, 2015


EHN1

WA105 cryostat

Pit B

Bridge Crane

Single Phase Test cryostat

Mar 20, 2015


Plan view – EHN1

WA105 cryostat

Pit B Single Phase Test cryostat

Bridge Crane

Mar 20, 2015

Note: in the drawing the cryostat needs to be rotated by 10-20 degrees. See Cheng-Ju and Ilias talks.


Side view TPC in Cryostat

Top cap

Outer Structure

Liquid level

APAs

Insulation

Membrane

~6°

5,000 mm

Beam

Mar 20, 2015

11,291


Top view TPC in Cryostat

~10°

Primary Orientation

10°

Outer structure

Insulation

Membrane

Mar 20, 2015

10,082

12,322


End view TPC in Cryostat

5,000 mm

~1,500 mm

Beam entrance points on the upstream side of the cryostat:

Primary: at the center of the cryostat (North-South direction) and ~5,000 mm from the floor.

Secondary: same height as the primary beam position, but with 1,500 mm offset to the North.

North South

Mar 20, 2015

11,291

Cryostat Top


Parameter Value

Configuration

Metal plate reinforced with profiles/beams anchored to the membrane cryostat support structure to match the opening in the roof with several penetrations of different size including two hatches and a manhole. The hatches shall be designed to be removable. If welded, provisions shall be made to allow for removal and re-welding six (6) times.

Dimensions To match the cryostat

Plate/Trusses non-wet material Steel if room temperature.SS 304/304L or equivalent if at cryogenic temperature.

Wet material SS 304/304L, 316/316L or equivalent. Other materials upon approval. Fluid Liquid Argon (LAr)Design Pressure 345 mbar (~5.0 psig)Design Temperature 77 K (liquid Nitrogen temperature for flexibility)Maximum allowable roof deflection ??? (0.003 differential between APA and CPA in SBN)

Pressure stability inside the tank No requirements, as long as the roof deflection is within le limit. Same for atmospheric pressure variations.

Maximum static heat leak 15 W/m^2 (Greater than sides/bottom to allow for the penetrations)

Max vibration No problem < 1 kHzWorst is 100 kHz

All surfaces in the ullage during operations ≤ 100K

Cryostat Top Requirements – 1

Mar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Hatch opening for TPC installation 3,550 mm x 2,000 mmSecondary open for personnel 2,000 mm x 1,000 mmGrounding plate 1.6 mm thick copper sheet brazed to the bottom of the top plate.Lifting fixtures Appropriate for positioning the top and the different parts that constitute it.Cold penetrations Minimum 4. Location and design TBD.Lifetime / Thermal cycles Consistent with the LAr program TBD.All surfaces in the ullage during operations < 100K

Additional design loads

- Top self-weight (including stiffening beams, membrane, insulation, etc.)- TPC (??? Kg total)- TPC anchors (TBD)- Live load (488 kg/m^2)- Electronics racks (400 kg in the vicinity of the feedthroughs)- Services (150 kg on every feed through)

Seismic load CERN requirement

TPC anchors Capacity: 3,000 kg each anchor.Number and location TBD (Minimum 6).

Grounding plate 1.6 mm thick copper sheet brazed to the bottom of the top plate (LBN proposed design – TO BE VERIFIED).

Lifting fixtures Appropriate for positioning the top and the different parts that constitute it.Design code ASME Sect. VIII


Mar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Penetrations

- 1 LAr In- 1 Purge GAr In- 1 Vent GAr- 2 Pressure Safety Valves- 1 Vacuum Safety Valve- 1 GAr boil off to condenser- 1-2 Liquid level sensors- 1-2? Instrumentation? Purity Monitors?- 1 Temperature sensors feedthroughs ?- 1 LAr for cool down- 1 GAr for cool down- TPC signal 10” CF Cold- HV feed through in the middle 6” CF Warm- (TBC) Photon Detector Cold- ??

Lifetime Consistent with LAr programThermal cycles 20 cool down and total warm-ups?


Mar 20, 2015

Single Phase test at CERN Requirements

Preliminary thinking on top design – 1

Mar 20, 2015 17

Single Phase test at CERN Requirements 18Mar 20, 2015

Preliminary thinking on top design – 2

Infrastructures


Assumptions for external cryostat dimensions

• Outer support structure thickness: 500 mm.• Insulation thickness: 900 mm• Top cap thickness: 1,500 mm (Assumption, including

insulation, plate and reinforcement).• Cryostat external dimensions: 11,291 mm (H) x 12,322 mm

(Parallel) x 10,082 mm (Transverse).• Hook height above floor of pit B: 18,900 mm.• Hook clearance over top cap: 7,609 mm.• APA height: 6,289 mm.• Clearance between height of APA and hook over cryostat:

1,320 mm.

Mar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Cryostat footprint (estimate) 12,322 mm (L) x 10,082 mm (W)Work area around the top of the cryostat (platform type) 2.0 m around the whole perimeterLay down space TBDCrane coverage Over the cryostat and the lay down spaceCrane capacity for TPC (Not including top cryostat) 5 ton (needs feedback from the design of the top plate)Minimum hook height above the cryostat for TPC installation 4.5 m + lifting fixture

Clean Room space Class 10,000 where TPC components are assembled and installed

Cryostat Infrastructures Requirements

Mar 20, 2015

Note: some of the requirements need input from the design of the top plate, the outer structure and the beam window.More on Jack’s talk.


Crane clearance above TPC/Cryo

Hook height 9.9 m above gallery floor

Current hook height above cryostat as modeled 7,609 mm

top cap thickness included

Pit B depth 9.0 m

Mar 20, 2015


Parameter Value

Isolation 1) The cryostat membrane and any supporting structure, whether it is a steel structure or a concrete and rebar pour, shall be isolated from any building metal or building rebar with a DC impedance greater than 300 kohm.

2) All conductive piping penetrations through the cryostat shall have dielectric breaks prior to entering the cryostat and the top plate.

Grounding 1) The cryostat, or “detector” ground, shall be separated from the “building” ground.2) A safety ground network consisting of saturated inductors shall be used between detector

ground and building ground.3) Parameters TBD.

Top plate grounding 1) If the cryostat is contained within a concrete pour, the top plate shall be electrically connected to any rebar used in that pour, and the rebar shall be conductively tied at regular intervals. Parameters TBD.

2) The top grounding plate shall be electrically connected to the cryostat membrane by means of copper braid connections. a) Each connection shall be at least 1.6 mm thick and 63.5 mm wide. b) The length of each connection is required to be as short as possible.c) The distance between one connection and the next one shall be no more than 1.25 m.d) The layout can follow the profile of several pieces of insulation, but it shall be

continuous.e) The DC impedance of the membrane to the top plate shall be less than 1 ohm.

Cryostat Grounding/Isolation Requirements

Note: The layout of the top plate grounding is outlined in the next slide. These are the requirements from the former LBNE. They are being further analyzed to ensure that they are what is really needed.

Mar 20, 2015


Top plate grounding layout

Mar 20, 2015

Note: These are the requirements from the former LBNE. They are being further analyzed to ensure that they are what is really needed.


Beam window

• See slides from Tim Loew.

Mar 20, 2015

Cryogenic System


Parameter Value

Location Preferably not in front of the cryostat (on the beam line)LAr purity in cryostat 10 ms electron lifetime (30 ppt O2 equivalent)GAr Piston purge rate of rise 1.2 m/hrMembrane cool-down rate From manufacturer

TPCs cool-down rate < 40 K/hr < 10K/m (vertically)

Mechanical load on TPC The LAr or the gas jet pressure shall not apply a mechanical load to the TPC greater than 200 Pascal.

Nominal LAr purification flow rate (filling/ops) 5.5 day/volume change (3.95 m^3/hr = 66 l/m)All surfaces in the ullage during operations < 100KGAr purge within insulation 1 volume change/day of the open space between insulation panels

Cooling powerCool down: TBDOperations: 3.4 kW + TBD:- Electronics heat load ??- Heat leak of cryo-piping ?? From cryo-piping design.

Lifetime of the cryogenic system Consistent with the LAr program TBD

Cryogenic System Requirements

Mar 20, 2015

Cryogenic Systems Capabilities • To clean the cryostat

– GAr purging and venting– GAr recirculation and purification.

• To cool down the cryostat and fill it with LAr.• To continuously purify the LAr (filling and operations).• To re-condense and purify the boil off gas.• To handle the LAr/GAr and LN2/GN2 flows during all phases.• To maintain the top of the cryostat at ≤ 100 K.• To monitor and control internal and external pressure:

• Pressure Control / Vacuum Protection• PSV, VSV, Auto/Manual venting.• Make-up GAr.

• To handle the GAr purge inside the insulation.• Instrumentation and diagnostics: T and P sensors, flow meters, liquid level sensors, etc., analytical

instruments to measure the contamination, in-line Purity Monitors (??), etc.• To sample GAr from the ullage and measure the concentration of contaminants.• Control system.• Flexibility: new features may be tested (cold roof, LAr external pump). To the extent possible, it is

desired to have a flexible system where we can turn on/off the various features for comparison.

Mar 20, 2015 Single Phase test at CERN Requirements 28

• We, as a community, want to develop a common strategy to address LAr/LN2 cryogenic needs for:

– SBN-ND/FD (short term).

– Single/Double Phase test at CERN (short term).

– LBN (long term) and other future generation detectors to come.

• We want to minimize the effort and design and fabricate a standard system that could be “enlarged” and adapted for future short/mid/long term needs.

• To the extend possible, we want to design a portable system that could be fabricated and tested in one place and installed at destination in another, with quick connections to/from cryostat.

• We want to test all features that might be relevant and of interest for present and future detectors: external LAr pumps, cold roof (< 100 K), etc. and the possibility to turn them on/off to compare.

• Three parts are identified (for both LAr and LN2 systems):• Proximity Cryogenics

• External Cryogenics

• Internal CryogenicsMar 20, 2015 Single Phase test at CERN Requirements 29

Cryogenic Systems Strategy

30

This is the PFD of the LAr system of ND based on the 35 ton/LBNF concept (but with an external LAr pump and a system to spray clean LAr/GAr on the top to keep the ullage cold, ≤ 100 K)

Mar 20, 2015 Single Phase test at CERN Requirements

PFD of LAr system (Preliminary)

31

This is the PFD of the LN2 system based on the 35 ton concept and CERN initial idea as presented by Johan Bremer on Jun 18, 2014.

Mar 20, 2015 Single Phase test at CERN Requirements

PFD of LN2 system (Preliminary)

• Selection of the type of LAr filtration system (Mol Sieve/Copper VS Oxysorb/Hydrosorb)

• Portability/Scalability: studies on portability and how to design a portable/scalable system that can serve present and future generation detectors of any size.

• Studies on how to keep all surfaces at a Temperature lower than 100 K.• LAr Pump (Outside):

– Need to see how to isolate the pump electrically and mechanically from the TPC. Issues with electronic noise and microphonics.

– Check grounding scheme.

Mar 20, 2015 Single Phase test at CERN Requirements 32

Cryogenic systems outstanding issues


Summary• 8,391 mm (H) x 9,522 mm (L) x 7,282 mm (W) is the internal size of the

membrane cryostat required by the TPC elements.• Using the assumptions listed (900 mm insulation, 500 mm outer

structure, 1,500 mm top cap), the external dimensions are: 11,291 mm (H) x 12,322 mm (L) x 10,082 mm (W).

• The goal is to be able to run the detector before the long shut-down (mid 2018).

• Need to proceed aggressively with the design.• We have started working with Ilias’ group on the integration in EHN1.• The design of the top plate is in progress.• We have started the design of the outer structure.• We have started to look at the beam window (see slides from Tim Loew)• Next:

– Design of the membrane cryostat by GTT.– Design of the cryogenic system.

Mar 20, 2015

Backup


Cryostat sizing Length• APA width 2300 mm (x 3).• 12.5 mm of edge boards on each side of

the center joint (x 4).• 50 mm from the SS APA (active area

boundary) frame to field cage (x 2). • 76.2 mm diameter of CPA tube (x 2).• 1,000 mm clearance to membrane for

access and egress. • 1,200 mm clearance for piping and

instrumentation.• 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2).• 9,522 mm total length of cryostat.

100 cm

100 cm

Mar 20, 2015


Cryostat sizing Width• 76.2 mm - APA thickness 3”.• 4.76 mm height of wire layers on each side (x 2).• 2,500 mm drift distance (x 2).• 38.1 mm – Half the diameter of 3” CPA frame (x 2).• 1,000 mm to membrane for access and egress (x 2).• 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2).• 6,256.5 mm total width of cryostat.

Mar 20, 2015


Cryostat sizing Height for 6.6 m APA• 6,638.7 mm - APA side tube length. • 76.2 mm - Distance from top of the cross

tube down to the beginning of active volume.

• 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing above active volume.

• 300 mm of liquid above CPA tube.• 16 mm boards at bottom of frame.• 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing below

APA bottom boards.• 300 mm of liquid below CPA tube.• 100 mm of space reserved for piping at

bottom of cryostat.• 7,491 mm is liquid level height.• 900 mm ullage based on far detector

design.• 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2) • Total height from floor to underside of top

cap = 8,391 mm.• Total inner volume 582 m3. Floor of Cryostat

Space for piping

CPA

APA

APA active volume

Liquid Volume

Bottom boards of APA

Mar 20, 2015


Cryostat Height sizing (6.0 m APA)

• 6,060.1 mm - APA side tube length • 76.2 mm - Distance from top of the cross

tube down to the beginning of active volume.

• 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing above active volume.

• 300 mm of liquid above CPA tube.• 16 mm boards at bottom of frame.• 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing below

APA bottom boards.• 300 mm of liquid below CPA tube.• 100 mm of space reserved for piping at

bottom of cryostat.• 6,912 mm is liquid level height.• 900 mm ullage based on far detector design.• 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2) • Total height from floor to underside of top

cap = 7,812 mm.• Total inner volume 542 m3.

Floor of Cryostat

Space for piping

CPA

APA

APA active volume

Liquid Volume

Bottom boards of APA

Mar 20, 2015


Current cryostat schedule (DRAFT)• Preliminary Design: Jan-Jun 2015.• Design Review: Jul-Sep 2015.• Final Design/Procurement: Oct 2015-Sep 2016.• Construction: Oct 2016-Jul 2017.

Mar 20, 2015

Single Phase Test at CERN Cryostat/Cryogenics Update David Montanari / Johan Bremer/ Jack Fowler /...

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