Single Lens Reflex Cameras. Single Lens Reflex Camera Shutter Release Shutter Speed Dial Hot...
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Transcript of Single Lens Reflex Cameras. Single Lens Reflex Camera Shutter Release Shutter Speed Dial Hot...
Single Lens Reflex Cameras
Single Lens Reflex Camera
Shutter Release
Shutter Speed Dial Hot Shoe-Flash
Film Re-Winder
Aperture Ring
Focusing Ring
Lens Release ButtonFilm Release Button
Film Winder
Film Speed Dial
Film Hatch
Inside the S.L.R.
The single lens reflex (S.L.R.) Camera uses a 45° mirror to reflect the image up through a prism to the viewfinder.
The mirror is positioned in front of the film and flips up just before the shutter fires.
Finding the Correct Exposure Time
Correct Exposure
Film Speed
ApertureShutter Speed
[Film Speed, Aperture and Shutter Speed all affect each other combined they find the correct exposure time.]
Film Speed (ISO or ASA)
Film Speed measures the degree to which film is sensitive to light.
50 – 100 – 200 – 400 – 800 – 1600 - 3200 Fast Film Speeds Slow Film Speeds
High Quality Poor Quality Grainy
Slow films are used in bright light conditions or when a slower exposure is needed for high quality.
Fast films are used in low light conditions or when a fast exposure is needed.
Aperture
• The Aperture is the circular opening within a camera lens that determines the brightness of light reaching the film.
• Each aperture number or ‘click’ on the lens aperture ring is called a f-stop.
• Each time the aperture ring is changed by one number (f-stop) the amount of light passing through the lens either halves or doubles.
Depth of Field
Shallow depth of field Greater depth of field
f2.8 – f4 – f5.6 - f8 – f11 – f16
Depth of Field
Shallow depth of field Greater depth of field
f2.8 – f4 – f5.6 - f8 – f11 – f16
A wide aperture equals a low f-number(e.g. f2.8, f5.6). These apertures produce a narrow depth of field i.e. just the subject matter will be in focus not the background or foreground.
A narrow aperture equals a high f-number(e.g. f11, f16, f22). These apertures produce a large depth of field i.e. most of the photograph should be in focus.
Shutter Speed
SHUTTER SPEEDB 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000
SHOWS MOVEMENT ◄ ► FREEZES MOVEMENT SLOWERSPEED FASTER SPEED MORE EXPOSURE TIME LESS EXPOSURE TIME
• Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter remains open. • Shutter speed is also referred to as ‘exposure time’.
• The Shutter speed is measured in seconds and fractions of seconds.
(Important to remember that you cannot use a slower shutter speed than 1/30 whilst handholding the camera, otherwise you will get camera shake.)
Shutter Speed
Slower Shutter Speeds shows movement
Faster Shutter Speeds freezes movement
Light Meter
The camera uses a Light Meter to find the correct exposure time.The light meter is either ;
1. Built into the camera (Through The Lens or TTL)2. A separate hand held unit
The light meter will indicate the correct combinations of apertures and shutter speeds.
Shutter Speed and Aperture Combinations Chart
ShutterSpeed
Aperture
Slower shutter speedMore light reaches filmMore chance of motion blurring
Faster shutter speedLess light reaches film
Less chance of motion blurring
Smaller apertureLess light reaches filmMore depth of field
Larger apertureMore light reaches film
Less depth of field
How were these images taken?
1. 2.
3. 4.