Singapore Tuition Industry (Social Stratification)
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Transcript of Singapore Tuition Industry (Social Stratification)
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
HYPOTHESIS & RESEARCH QUESTION
CASE STUDIES
COMPARISON
& ANALYSIS
THEORIES & CONCLUSION
OUTLINE
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
THEORECTICAL
APPROACHES
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONALIST FUNCTIONALIST
THEORY
CONFLICT
THEORY CONFLICT
THEORY
SOCIAL CAPITAL
SOCIAL NETWORKS
HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH QUESTION
RESEARCH
QUESTION
RESEARCH QUESTION
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDIES
)
CASE STUDIES
Targets students from Middle to Upper Class
families
• Fees: $60-70/session(1.5hours)/subject
• Located at private housing areas
Entry tests to understand students’ abilities
and group them with those of the same calibre
Excellent track record
• 70% of their students improve
• Almost all improved language abilities
CASE STUDIES
Targets students of Middle Class families
Fees: $140/subject/month + $40 registration fee
The Kumon Method
• Encourages self-motivated, independent learning
• Instructors only observe and assist by hinting
CASE STUDIES
Targets students from all social classes
• Mostly attended by neighbourhood school
students
• Secondary level fees: $107/subject/month
Mavis focuses on achieving maximum results
Rewards top-scoring students (e.g. iPads)
No good track record
CASE STUDIES
Targets students from Middle Class families
Fees: $160/subject/month
KIP McGrath’s Methodology
• Special assessment of every child’s abilities and
learning needs A customized learning plan
devised for the child
• Incentives: Stickers, Certificates, Presents
No good track record
CASE STUDIES
Targets students from Elite schools or Upper Middle Class
families
Fees: Confidential
Hired by MOE to conduct Math and Science Olympiad
enrichment in elite schools (e.g. Raffles Institution)
Helps students scoring A2s to improve to an A1 or beyond
Word-of-mouth marketing
SIMPLY EDUCATION
Affordable fees
• Primary: $8/subject/month
• Secondary: $12/subject/month
CASE STUDIES
Targets students from Lower Middle Class
and Lower Class families
• 65 collaborative tuition centres by CDAC,
Mendaki, SINDA
• For students with poor results AND a
household income of <$3000
COLLABORATIVE TUITION PROGRAMS
BASIS OF COMPARISONS
BASIS OF COMPARISONS
BASIS OF COMPARISONS
COMPARISON CHART
COMPARISON
CHART
COMPARISON CHART
Difficult material
designed to boost
towards academic
success
Strong student teacher
bond, parents kept in
the loop
Guided learning, programme to
grad from. Math from Japan,
English from Australia, Chinese
from China.
Discipline, character, learning
Conventional learning
method. (assessment
books)
Keep students
engaged
Minimum criteria of
degree from reputable
uni. rigorous rounds of
interviews, 6 months
probation period
Anybody can do it, as long as
they undergo the training
courses by KUMON
Experienced, mostly NIE
trained
Ks (4:1)/P1-2(10:1)/P3-
4(12:1)
upper primary onwards
14:1
No class size open space. (as
long as can fit)
1:15-20
Once a week.1hr45mins
-P4, P5 and above 2
hours.
1 ½ hours per subject. 1 ½ hours per subject.
COMPARISON CHART
Their own assessment
books, International
programme, same as
around the world.
Helps you at whatever
pace you are at,
understanding the
student and learning
methods.
Additional enrichment
to boost students’
academic
performance. Solving
homework questions
From different schools,
most with NIE cert.
Very niche (A*
programme, trainer,
math olympiad,
booster, enrichment
NIE trainees/retired
teachers/trained
teachers/
undergraduates
1:6
for chinese usually 1:2
(litte students)
1:1-1:3 at most. 1:8-15 (minimum 6)
1.5 hours/subject. Not more than 1.5
hours.
1.5 hours per subject
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
FINDINGS
1 NOT CLASS SIZE
INTERACTIONS THAT MATTER
2
UNDERSTANDING
THE STUDENT
PERSONALIZED
METHOD
UNDERSTANDING
BEYOND ENGAGING
PRODUCES IN HOUSE
MATERIAL +
HIGHLY SOUGHT AFTER
SimplyEducation Affordable prices for everyone Not well-known. only resourceful people know
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
FINDINGS
3 4 Offering this aspect of understanding the student leads to higher prices being charged.
The tuition centres that seem to offer either one or two factors of the “Understanding aspect” are TLL, KUMON, Simply
Education.
KUMON Expensive fees that not everyone would afford Might not understand Kumon methods. nobody around to recommend it.
THE LEARNING LAB Expensive fees, Geographical location,Word of mouth
“ELITE” Resources
MONEY SOCIAL CAPITAL
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
FINDINGS
5
6
“Elite” are more resourceful in social capital and money, in order to not be affected by price and geographical factors of better tuitions
Friends Classmates
School environment
Students themselves also have more social capital
Traits that students absorb at tuition, (discipline, higer aspirations) from other students lead them to even higher upward social mobility than poorer students at “normal” tuition centres with same or worse students.
ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
It seems that tuition is part of Singaporean society to function. Tuition is required to complement the current education system. The removal of it might cause issue such as black market economy.
“Elite” tuitions put in efforts to reach their target market (those who can pay more), Thus, place centres at more high end areas. (can afford higher rent).
DISCUSSION TIME
LET’S DISCUSS…
Why do you think that a more interactive learning environment is not observed in Singapore schools?
DISCUSSION TIME
LET’S DISCUSS…
Do you still think that tuition without increased teacher-student interaction and the personalised teaching method are helpful?
Therefore, do you think there is a difference in quality of different types of tuition in Singapore? How significant are the differences?
VIDEO TIME!
ADDRESSING LEARNING GAPS
KHAN ACADEMY
CONCLUSION
THEORIES & APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
THEORIES & APPLICATION
FINANCIAL CAPABILITIES OF
PARENTS
PARENTS’ SOCIAL CAPITAL
CULTURAL CAPITAL OF
PARENTS
CONCLUSION
STATUS ALLOCATION MODEL
LOWER INCOME
PARENTS AND
STUDENTS
ARE CONSTRAINED
BY BARRIERS
1 2
3 THEORIES & APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
BARRIERS ERECTED
THEORIES & APPLICATION CONCLUSION
FINANCIAL CAPABILITIES
BARRIERS ERECTED
THEORIES & APPLICATION CONCLUSION
PARENT’S SOCIAL CAPITAL
Upper class families Parents more educated
Better expectations of quality of tuition
Lower class families Parents less educated
Poorer/No expectation of quality of tuition
Only those from upper class have the access of info
about Simplyeducation
Exclusiveness of parent’s social network
(Simplyeducation)
PARENT’S CULTURAL CAPITAL
THEORIES & APPLICATION
CONSEQUENCES
CONCLUSION
1
2
3
4
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Due to the various factors such as teacher-student ratio, quality of
resources increased the difference in academic results of good
and weak students.
Most importantly, the difference in quality of tuition lies in the
essence of higher student-teacher interaction, which brings about
a more personalised teaching that benefits students according to
their weaknesses.
Going back to the discussion questions, we do not think that tuition
without these high student-teacher interaction are useless, they
could help the students, but not as much as those with these
interactions.
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED
1
2
3
CONCLUSION
Stratification between different types of tuition that give
rise to educational inequality is due to the different
amount of efforts put in by each tuition centres and
teachers in understanding what each student need.
Lower social classes face multiple social constraints in
attaining these more beneficial tuition classes.
They are therefore trapped within the limits of their
educational success.
THEREFORE, THE CONCLUSION OF OUR GROUP RESEARCH IS THAT
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
http://www.sinda.org.sg/students/shgs-collaborative-tuition-programme/ http://mts.mendaki.org.sg/CTP.html http://www.cdac.org.sg/eng/programmes/tuition/student/eligibility/collaborative_tuition_programme.htm http://www.mavistutorial.com/press_info.php?id=10 http://sg.kumonglobal.com/page.jsp?id=579&version=sg&idfrom=791 http://news.xin.msn.com/en/singapore/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5716913 http://www.ted.com/talks/salman_khan_let_s_use_video_to_reinvent_education.html