Singapore as an entrepot in the 14th century (India and China trade links)
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Transcript of Singapore as an entrepot in the 14th century (India and China trade links)
Singapore’s links with the rest of the world in the 14th century
China: Chinese Junks and navigation
Chinese ships with a flat bottom and square sail. Ships that can carry up to 1000 men by 14th century
Javanese ‘Jong’: 9th century AD.
Chinese compass, joss sticks and Qiang Xing Ban or Si Nan
Si Nan/ Chinese compassQiang Xing Ban/ Navigational Board
14th century ships
• Ming Dynasty and Admiral Zheng He• Treasure Ships 150 meters long.
Qianzhou port
Porcelain, silk, tea, gold, silver and metals and lacquerware
Paper, ink textiles, ginger, sandalwood, eaglewood oil for perfume, medicine,
Song Dynasty (1196-1205)
Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)
• Maritime office at Quanzhou in 1277
India/Galle
Calicut – main port for spice trade
• Hindu Zamorin rulers who practised religious tolerence
Muslin: made from cotton.
Garam (Hot) Masala (Mixture of spices): Hindi
India: Black peppercorn, coriander seeds, black mustard seeds, black cardamom pods, ginger
Sri Lanka: Cinnamon sticks.
Vietnam and China: Star Anise.
Moluccas: Mace, cloves and nutmegs
Egypt: Cumin seeds
Mediterranean: Fennel seeds and Fenugreek seeds .
Saffron: From Persi and India and used for seasoning, fragrance, fabric dye and medicine
Musk: Musk deer of India and their glands extracted to make perfume and Chinese medicine
Glass bangles and stone beads
• Popular in NW India• Collect raw glass which is
processed in a furnace with the help of a pipe or kiln to make glass bangles.
• Carnelian: Brownish-red semi-precious stone found in the ground. For trade, decorative and religious purpose
Galle: Sri Lanka
• Trade in precious gems, ivory, peacocks, precious stones
Highest density of gem deposits in the world
Amethyst, garnet, rubies, sapphire, topaz and other precious stones
Pearls, corals and hawksbill turtles
Coconut – drinking water for long sea voyages, ropesCoconut palm wood for masts and spars. Also sails
Galle pots and brass pots
Tumeric and Cinnamon
• Tumeric for fabric dye and cooking substitute for saffron. Also medicine and religious purpose
• Cinnamon (Kayu Manis or sweet wood) for cooking and as medicine
Beeswax
• Medicine and skin softener. Also making candles, statues and waxing wood
Sulphur: raw materials for fumigation, medicine, bleaching cloth.
Frankincense and Myrrh
• Milky white sap from trees in Middle East, Africa and India. Used as perfume, medicine.
Evidence from Archaeology
• Excavations at Parliament House. Coins that date back to King Bhuvanika Bahu I (1273-1284): p69 of textbook
• Fragments of glass bangles of Gujerati Design. Western India silica
Southeast Asian earthernware and Chiense artifacts found at Kottapatnam, S India
Place of Origin Why is it valuable?
Eg. Hornbill Casques Borneo. Singapura Rare bird. Carved decorations on it. Wanted by Chinese officials
1. Navigation Board
2. Si Nan / Chinese Compass
3. Jong
4. Celadon Ware
5. Qingbai Pottery
6. Cinnamon
7. Glass Bangle