Singapore Airlines-The Way Forward
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7/23/2019 Singapore Airlines-The Way Forward
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 1
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
^PH^HWAC EHP A^^CFOM POWOAPGB ^PHKOG]
Wfljaphro Afrcflos]bo way aboam
JPH_^ 17
Mollfs Johrjo
Pailatb W
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 0
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Wfljaphro Afrcflos]bo way ehrwarm
AGDLHZCOMJOIOL]
]bfs rophrt fs a rosuct he oeehrts alm motafcom alacysfs hl tbo thpfg alm attoipt bas `ool iamo
th iado tbfs stumy rocovalt alm flehriatfvo, Coarlflj alm vacuo morfvom as a rosuct he tbfs
prhkogt ehr agamoifg purphso wfcc `o hur paraiotor ehr suggoss, Zo whucm cfdo th ioltfhl tbo
laios he tbo flmfvfmuac wbhso supphrt alm jufmalgo bocpom us th iado tbfs appcfom rosoargb
prhkogt a vory jhhm coarlflj oxporfolgo,
Hur agamoifg iolthr# Is, Frfla ^fsiollaya was acways avafca`co th jufmo us tbrhujb alm
alswor hur quorfos, Zo aro jratoeuc ehr tbo flsfjbts alm dlhwcomjo sbarom th us `y bor, Bor
vacua`co flputs bocpom us sbapo tbo rophrt fl tbo iallor ft stalms thmay, Zo whucm acsh cfdo
th tbald Mr, @acadrfsbla Jralmbf# wbhso prosolgo alm ghltrf`utfhl was grugfac fl
gballocfzflj tbfs prhkogt at ovory stajo,
Zo whucm cfdo th tbald Ir, Moallatb Ducatbuljo# Ghultry boamWfljaphro# FA]A ehr jfvflj
us vacua`co flsfjbts a`hut tbo avfatfhl flmustry wftb bfs oxporfolgo,
Zo whucm acsh cfdo th oxtolm hur jratftumo th Is, Uoola Kambav ehr bor flputs alm jufmalgo,
Zo whucm cfdo th tbald tbo staee he W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt# Wfljaphro ehr tbofr
supphrt fl iadflj ovorytbflj as ghiehrta co as phssf`co ehr coarlflj,
]bo ghltrf`utfhl he pohpco ioltfhlom a`hvo fs flvacua`co, ]bofr jufmalgo bas iamo tbo appcfom
rosoargb prhkogt a vory vacua`co alm ioihra`co coarlflj oxporfolgo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 7
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
MOGCAPA]FHL
Zo boro`y mogcaro tbat tbo iattor flgcumom fl tbfs appcfom rosoargb prhkogt oltftcom
Wfljaphro afrcflos tbo way ehrwarm fs tbo rosuct he tbo stumy alm fltorvfow garrfom hut `y
us, Zo eurtbor mogcaro tbat tbfs fs hur hrfjflac whrd alm bas lht `ool pu`cfsbom alywboro
`oehro, ]bfs prhkogt whrd bas `ool garrfom hut ehr tbo shco purphso he su`ifssfhl fl partfac
eucefcciolt he tbo roqufroiolts he Jch`ac Iastors fl @usfloss Amiflfstratfhl at W^ Kafl Wgbhhc
he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt# Wfljaphro,
GH^VPFJB] AWWFJLIOL]
EHP ]BO JHHM ALM UAC_A@CO GHLWFMOPA]FHL# rogofpt he wbfgb fs boro`y
agdlhwcomjom# tbo ^rhkogt toai "Assfjlhr boro`y frrovhga`cy tralseors alm assfjls th W ^
Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt "Assfjloo chgatom at Mu`af# Wfljaphro# Wymloy# fts
suggosshrs alm assfjls# fl porpotufty# acc rfjbt "wbotbor lhw dlhwl hr boroflaetor flvoltom
tftco# alm fltorost# tbrhujbhut tbo whrcm# flgcumflj aly ghpyrfjbts alm rolowacs hr oxtolsfhls
tboroth# fl "prhkogt tftco&
FL ZF]LOWW ]BOPOHE# Assfjlhr bas mucy oxogutom tbfs ajrooiolt,
Mato ;
^rhkogt ]oai;
Mollfs Johrjo JA^P10GII1>1 "Wfjl& )))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Pailatb W JA^P10GII112 "Wfjl& )))))))))))))))))))))))))))
^rhkogt Iolthr; Is, Frfla ^fsiollaya
Wfjlaturo;
W^ KAFL WGBHHC HE JCH@AC IALAJOIOL] M_@AF ) WFLJA^HPO
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]a`co he ghltolts
Oxogutfvo Wuiiary ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :
Fltrhmugtfhl he tbo afrcflo flmustry ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
Bfsthry he tbo afrcflo flmustry ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6
Asfal afrcflo flmustry ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1>
^rosolt mayafrcflo flmustry ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11
Wfljaphro afrcflos ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10
Posoargb prh`coi,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1?
Wghpo he tbo rosoargb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1?
Posoargb iotbhmhchjy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15
Wtatoiolt he prh`coi ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15
^rh`coi Moeflftfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1:
Posoargb Mosfjl alm ^cal ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1:
Waipcflj alm Mata Ghccogtfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12
Quacftatfvo stumy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12
Cftoraturo rovfow ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 01
@hhds,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 01
Artfgcos alm Khurlacs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 01
Agamoifg Khurlacs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0=
Wdytrax ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 02
Wdytrax rovfows ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 71
^rfiary Posoargb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7=
Moihjrapbfg alacysfs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7?
Eagthr Alacysfs,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7:
^orgoptuac Iappflj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =7
Pocatfvo sghrflj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =5
Wuiiary he tbo ghipcaflts ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =6
Gcustor alacysfs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?>
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | ?
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Hlcflo @hhdflj,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?7
Gbogd)Fl Hptfhls ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?=
Jrool Flftfatfvos ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ??
Doy eflmfljs erhi tbo rosoargb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?5
WFAPogolt movochpiolts ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?5
Poghiiolmatfhls ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?:
Cfiftatfhls ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?2
Euturo sghpo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?2
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 5
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]a`co he efjuros
Efjuro 1)Alacytfgac bforargbfgac Iotbhm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 00
Efjuro 7)ghipcaflt alacysfs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70
Efjuro = ) ^rfiary Posoargb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7=
Efjuro ? ) Ajo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7?
Efjuro 5 ) Latfhlacfty ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7?
Efjuro : ) Jolmor ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7?
Efjuro 2 ) Eroquolgy he travoc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 75
Efjuro 6 ) Hggupatfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 75
Efjuro 1> ) urphso he travoc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 75
Efjuro 11) Eagthr alacysfsFl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 72
Efjuro 10 ) Eagthr alacysfs ) paraiotors th gbhhso al afrcflo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 76
Efjuro 17 ) PojrossfhlChyacty ^rhjrai ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =>
Efjuro 1= ) Pojrossfhl ) Chyacty ^rhjrai WFA ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =1
Efjuro 1? ) Poghiiolmatfhl ) Cfdort sgaco ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =1
Efjuro 15 ) Pojrossfhl ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =0
Efjuro 1: ) Pojrossfhl ) Jrhup ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =0
Efjuro 12 ) orgoptuac iappfljLatfhlacfty ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =7
Efjuro 16 ) ^rfgo Ghiparfshl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ==
Efjuro 0> ) Poashls ehr gbhhsflj htbor afrcflos a`hvo Wfljaphro Afrcflos ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ==
Efjuro 01 ) orgoptuac iappflj ) Pato WFA ) WFA Ecfors ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =?Efjuro 00 ) ^orgoptuac Iappflj ) Ajo ) Pato WFA ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =?
Efjuro 07 ) ^orgoptuac Iappflj ) Hggupatfhl ) Pato WFA ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =5
Efjuro 0=) orgoptuac Iappflj ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ) Wfljaphroals ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =2
Efjuro 0? ) orgoptuac Iappflj ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ) WFA Ecfors ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =2
Efjuro 05 ) ^orgoptuac Iappflj ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo)Chyacty prhjrai ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =2
Efjuro 0: ) GcustorFl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?>
Efjuro 02 ) Jrhupflj he gusthiors ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?1
Efjuro 06 ) Iuctfpco ghiparfshl,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?0
Efjuro 7> ) Latfhlacfty ) Grhss ta`ucatfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?0
Efjuro 71 ) Hggupatfhl ) Grhss ta`ucatfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?7
Efjuro 70 ) WFA Ecfors ) Grhssta`ucatfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?7
Efjuro 77 ) Hggupatfhl ) Whurgo he `hhdfljGrhss ta`ucatfhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?=
Efjuro 7= ) Ajo ) Gbogdfl hptfhls ) Grhssta`ucatfhls,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?=
Efjuro 7? ) Jrool Flftfatfvo 1 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ??
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | :
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 75 ) Jrool Flftfatfvo 0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ??
Oxogutfvo Wuiiary;
Fl a rapfm gbaljflj iagrhoghlhifg ghlmftfhls# ghlstalt flgroaso fl euoc prfgos alm
flgroasom ghipotftfhl lht hlcy erhi htbor eucc sorvfgo afrcflos# `ut acsh erhi `umjot afrcflos fl
shutb)oast Asfa,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos "WFA& bas phstom a chss he _WM 71i ehr Kal)Iargb quartor# 0>10,
]bfs fs tbo efrst tfio WFA fs eagflj a chss sflgo ft `ogaio pu`cfg fl 162?, ]bo `fjjost gbaccoljo
ehr WFA fs th cfvo up th fts hwl roputatfhl he `oflj a proifui sorvfgo prhvfmor alm ulmfsputom
ghst coamor, WFA fs acsh eagflj tbroat erhi Oifratos# Qatar alm Qaltas afrcflos ehr ecfjbts
hrfjflatflj hut he Wfljaphro,
Hur soghlmary stumy goltorom hl Wdytrax# th ulmorstalm tbo passoljor proeorolgos
alm tbofr proeorrom afrcflos, ]bo prfiary survoy ghlmugtom ghvorom pohpco erhi mfeeorolt
latfhlacftfos# alm ajo jrhups th ulmorstalm tbo porgoptfhl he tbo afrcflo passoljors,
]bo iafl purphso he tbfs stumy was th ulmorstalm passoljors porgoptfhl a`hut WFA#
tbo aroas he WFA wbfgb looms th `o ammrossom alm th prhvfmo roghiiolmatfhls, Hur soghlmary
stumy# iaflcy erhi Wdytrax flmfgatom tbat WFAs iafl aroas he ghlgorl aro soat ghiehrt# fl)
ecfjbt oltortafliolt alm quacfty he ehhm alm `ovorajo, ]bfs was rovacfmatom `y WFAs scfp fl tbowhrcm afrcflo raldflj, Hur prfiary survoy rovoacom sfifcar rosucts sujjostflj tbo loom ehr WFA
th fiprhvo hl tbo a`hvo ioltfhlom paraiotor th ghltfluo th `o prhefta`co,
Bhwovor# rogolt upmatos a`hut WFA rovoac tbat tboy aro flvostflj th fiprhvo tbofr fl)
ecfjbt oltortafliolt# soats alm chuljo eagfcftfos# wbfgb fs agtuaccy a part he hur
roghiiolmatfhls,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 2
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Fltrhmugtfhl he tbo afrcflo flmustry
]bo afrcflo flmustry fs al ovhcvflj flmustry, Ft gators th thurfsi# oghlhifg jrhwtb alm
tramo aihlj latfhls, Ft fs tboroehro tbo ehgac phflt he jch`acfzatfhl,
]bo afrcflo flmustry bas jrhwl `y a`hut 2/ por yoar fl tbo past mogamo 0>>> th 0>1>,
@usfloss alm cofsuro travoc bas jrhwl strhljcy whrcmwfmo, Cast yoar# tbo Afrcflos garrfom 1,:?
`fccfhl passoljors, ]bo avafca`fcfty he carjo afrgraets sugb as tbo Afr`us 72> @hoflj ::: alm
@hoflj :=: iamo ft ghlvolfolt alm aeehrma`co th travoc, Jhvorliolts fl movochpflj ghultrfos
bavo roacfzom tbo `oloefts he thurfsi th tbofr latfhlac oghlhifos, ]boy bavo spurrom tbo
movochpiolt he roshrts alm flerastrugturo, ]boy bavo ool suggosseuc fl curflj thurfsts erhi
tbo prhsporhus ghultrfos fl tbo movochpom Asfal# Zostorl Ourhpoal alm Lhrtb Aiorfgal
ghultrfos, ]hurfsts erhi movochpflj ghultrfos acsh bavo a iakhr say fl tbo iass flgroaso fl tbo
vhcuio he traeefg, "Drhh# 0>1>&
@usfloss travoc bas jrhwl, Ghipalfos aro jhflj fltorlatfhlac wftb boavy flvostiolts
fl fltorlatfhlac iardots, ]bo suppcy alm prhmugtfhl gbafls alm tbofr gusthiors aro tbo low
fltorlatfhlac iardot, ]bo rapfm jrhwtb he whrcm tramo bas acsh ghltrf`utom th jrhwtb fl
`usfloss travoc,
^rhefta`fcfty he tbo Afrcflo Flmustry fs gchsocy asshgfatom wftb oghlhifg tramo alm
jrhwtb, Murflj tbo efrst bace he tbo 166>s# tbo flmustry sueeorom erhi whrcm rogossfhl alm tbo
aetoriatb he tbo Juce Zar, ]bo lui`or he fltorlatfhlac passoljors mrhppom ehr tbo efrst tfio,
]bo eflalgfac mfeefguctfos woro as afrcflos hvor hrmorom afrcflos fl tbo `hhi yoars he tbo cato
162>s# oxgoss gapagfty fl tbo iardot, Afrcflos sueeorom boavy chssos he -0>,=`l fl tbo yoars
erhi 166> th 166=, "Drhh# 0>1>&
Wflgo tbol# afrcflos bavo roghjlfzom tbo loom ehr ramfgac gbaljo th olsuro tbofr
sustafla`fcfty, Ialy bavo trfom th gut ghsts# romugo gapagfty jrhwtb alm flgroaso cham eagthrs,
At a tfio he rolowom oghlhifg jrhwtb# flmustry as a wbhco th roturlom th prhefta`fcfty; Afrcflos*
prhefts woro -?`l fl 1665# coss tbal 0/ he thtac rovoluos, ]bfs fs way `ochw tbo covoc FA]A`ocfovos fs logossary ehr afrcflos th survfvo, ]boy ghucmlt ghltrhc tbofr mo`ts# `ufcm gasb
rosorvos alm iafltafl sustafla`co flvostiolt covocs, Ialy afrcflos roiaflom ulprhefta`co,
]h ioot tbo roqufroiolts he tbofr flgroasfljcy mfsgorlflj gusthiors# shio afrcflos bavo
flvostom boavfcy th fiprhvo tbo quacfty he sorvfgo tbat tboy heeor, Ih`fco Gbogd)fl# low
fltoragtfvo oltortafliolt systois# alm ihro coj spago % ghiehrta`co soatflj aro kust shio he
tbo prhmugt olbalgoiolts tbat woro fltrhmugom th attragt alm rotafl gusthiors,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 6
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
A lui`or he eagthrs aro ehrgflj afrcflos th `oghio ihro oeefgfolt, ]bo Ourhpoal _lfhl
"O_& bas put fts ehht mhwl alm rucom tbat jhvorliolts sbhucm lht supphrt alm su`sfmfzo tbofr
chss)iadflj afrcflos, Ocsowboro thh# afrcflos aro oflj prfvatfzom, ]h appoaso prosolt alm
appoac th prhspogtfvo sbarobhcmors# tbo afrcflos bavo th `oghio ihro ghipotftfvo alm oeefgfolt,
Morojucatfhl fs acsh stfiucatflj ghipotftfhl, Ialy chw ghst `umjot afrcflos aro ghiflj flth tboeray, ]bo _W com tbo way fl 16:2 alm Ourhpo ehcchwom suft, ]bo eflac stajos he morojucatfhl fl
tbo O_ thhd pcago fl Aprfc 166:, ]bfs acchwom al afrcflo erhi hlo ioi`or stato th ecy
passoljors wftbfl alhtbor ioi`or*s mhiostfg iardot, *Hpol sdfos* ajrooiolts aro `ojfllflj
th mfsialtco shio he tbo rojucatfhls jhvorlflj wbfgb garrfors gal ecy hl shio he tbo rhutos,
Bhwovor# tbo avfatfhl flmustry fs dlhwl ehr fts strhlj latfhlacfst soltfiolts thwarms tbofr
mhiostfg *ecaj garrfors*, Fl ialy parts he tbo whrcm# sovorac afrcflos stfcc ghltfluo th eago
cfiftatfhls,
Mospfto tbfs# tbo afrcflo flmustry bas prhgoomom thwarms jch`acfzatfhl alm
ghlshcfmatfhl, ]bfs fs a lhriac gbaragtorfstfgs asshgfatom wftb ialy htbor flmustrfos, ]bo
osta`cfsbiolt he accfalgos alm partlorsbfps aihlj afrcflos bas `ool jhhm, ]bo lotwhrds bavo
oxpalmom# tbus afmflj gusthiors, Bulmroms he afrcflos bavo oltorom flth iakhr accfalgos#
wbfgb raljo erhi iardotflj ajrooiolts th ghmo)sbarflj th oqufty tralseors alm eralgbfsos,
Bfsthry he tbo afrcflo flmustry
Aiorfgal avfatfhl pfhloors# Pueus ^hrtor alm Eromorfgd Iarrfhtt# woro tbo efrst th
attoipt th start afrcflos usflj afrsbfps fl tbo ifm)16tb goltury, ]boy ehgusom hl tbo eaihus
Low VhrdGacfehrlfa rhuto, ]boy mfm lht suggoom, ]bo afrcflos woro strugd `y ifsbaps as tbo
afrsbfps gatgbflj efro alm tbo afrgraet `oflj rfppom apart `y spogtathrs,
MOCAJ# Moutsgbo "Cuetsgbfeeabrts)Adtfoljosoccsgbaet& was tbo whrcm*s efrst afrcflo, Ft was
ehulmom wftb jhvorliolt assfstalgo hl Lhvoi`or 15# 16>6,]boy hporatom afrsbfps
ialueagturom `y ]bo [oppocfl Ghrphratfhl# boamquartorom fl Eraldeurt, ]bo afrcflos tbat stfcc
oxfst aro Austracfa*s Qaltas#Lotborcalms* DCI# Ghchi`fa*s Avfalga# # alm Gzogb
Popu`cfg*s Gzogb Afrcflos, "Jroolscot# 0>>5&
]hly Kallus ghlmugtom tbo _lftom Wtatos* efrst sgbomucom ghiiorgfac afrcflo ecfjbt hl 1
Kaluary 161= ehr tbo Wt, ^otors`urj)]aipa Afr`hat Cflo, Gbacd*s Fltorlatfhlac Afrcflos `ojalsorvfgo `otwool Ifaif alm @fiflf fl tbo @abaias fl 1616, Gbacd*s fs gcafiom th `o tbo hcmost
ghltfluhuscy hporatflj afrcflo fl tbo _lftom Wtatos ultfc fts gchsuro fl 0>>2,
Zhrcm Zar FF alm Zhrcm Zar F `rhujbt low cfeo th tbo afrcflo flmustry, Afrcflos erhi tbo accfom
ghultrfos ehrosaw a euturo moialm ehr ghiiorgfac afr travoc alm tralsphrtfhl he garjh, ]boy
woro oajor th flvost fl afr travoc, Ihst he tboso low afrgraet woro `asom hl Aiorfgal `hi`ors
sugb as tbo @)06, "Jroolscot# 0>>5&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_Porterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELAGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_by_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_by_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_by_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qantashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qantashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviancahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Jannushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk%27s_International_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk%27s_International_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Jannushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviancahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qantashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_by_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_by_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELAGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_Porter -
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 1>
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Fl tbo 16?>s# tbo afrcflo flmustry fl tbo Zost was mhiflatom `y @hoflj :>:#Mhujcas
MG)2# Mo Bavfccalm Ghiot# alm Wum Avfatfhl Garavocco#wbfco tbo Oastorl `chg bam stato)
hwlom ecoots he]uphcov ]u)1>= alm ]uphcov ]u)10=,
]bo afrcflos saw a iakhr `hhst fl tbo 16:>s, @hoflj :=:# IgMhllocc Mhujcas MG)1>#
alm Chgdboom C)1>11 woro flaujuratom, ]bo wfmo `hmykui`h kot sorvfgo# wbfgb fs stfcc tbo
stalmarm fl fltorlatfhlac travoc# was flftfatom, ]bo ]uphcov ]u)1== alm Ghlghrmo# iamo
suporshlfg travoc a roacfty, Ghlghrmo ecow erhi 1656 th 0>>7, Fl 16:0# Afr`us `ojal fts
hporatfhls, Afr`us `ojal prhmugflj Ourhpo*s ihst ghiiorgfaccy suggosseuc cflo he afrcflors th
mato, Afrcflors woro iamo wftb oeefgfolgy fl iflm, Afr`us acsh eoaturom ihmorl ocogtrhlfg
ghgdpfts th ola`co pfchts th ecy iuctfpco ihmocs wftb iflfiac traflflj,
Zfccfai K, ]h`fl ehulmom ]ravoc Ghlgopts# Flg, fl 16:1, ]ravoc Ghlgopts was tbo efrst
ghipaly th movochp travoc dfts ehr Efrst Gcass alm @usfloss Gcass ga`fls, ]boy acsh prhvfmom
fl)ecfjbt omugatfhlac jaios ehr dfms, ]bo travoc dfts alm omugatfhlac jaio prhjrais bavo
`oghio a logossfty fl afrcflo travoc alm bavo `ool utfcfzom ehr 0? yoars "Jroolscot# 0>>5&
Asfal afrcflo flmustry
^bfcfppflo Afrcflos "^AC& fs tbo hcmost sgbomucom garrfor stfcc fl hporatfhl, Ft was heefgfaccy
ehulmom hl Eo`ruary 05# 16=1, Ft fs acsh tbo hcmost afrcflo fl Asfa stfcc hporatflj ulmor fts
gurrolt laio, Flmfa was acsh hlo he tbo efrst ghultrfos fl Asfa th oi`rago gfvfc avfatfhl, Afr
Flmfa was hlo he tbo efrst Zost Asfal afrcflo ghipalfos, Ft startom as ]ata Afrcflos fl 1670# a
mfvfsfhl he ]ata Whls Ctm, ]bo afrcflo was ehulmom `y Flmfa*s coamflj flmustrfacfst# KPM ]ata,
]ata Afrcflos was acsh hlo he tbo whrcm*s efrst iakhr afrcflos wbfgb ojal fts hporatfhls wftbhut
aly supphrt erhi tbo Jhvorliolt, "Flmustry watgbors# 0>10&
]bo hut road heZhrcm Zar FF# tbo afrcflo prosolgo fl Asfa gaio th a stalmstfcc, Ialy
low ecaj garrfors mhlatom tbofr afrgraet ehr ifcftary afm, Fl 16=?# rojucar ghiiorgfac sorvfgo was
rosthrom fl Flmfa, ]ata Afrcflos `ogaio a pu`cfg cfiftom ghipaly ulmor tbo laio Afr Flmfa hl
Kucy 06# 16=5, Jhvorliolt he Flmfa agqufrom =6/ he tbo afrcflo, Fl roturl# tbo afrcflo was
jraltom status th hporato fltorlatfhlac sorvfgos erhi Flmfa as tbo mosfjlatom ecaj garrfor ulmor
tbo laio Afr Flmfa Fltorlatfhlac,
Murflj tbo ora hemoghchlfzatfhl# low Asfal ghultrfos oi`ragom afr tralsphrt, IacayalAfrways Cfiftom# Hrfolt Afrways "cator ^adfstal Fltorlatfhlac Afrcflos Gatbay agfefg heBhlj
Dhlj# Oc Ac fl Fsraoc# Jaruma Flmhlosfa# Kapal Afrcflos# ]baf Afrways Fltorlatfhlac#
alm Dhroal Latfhlac Afrcflos gaio flth tbo ehray at tbfs tfio, "Flmustry watgbors# 0>10&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widebodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Tobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JRD_Tatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Airways_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Airways_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Airwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay_Pacifichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Airways_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_National_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_National_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Airways_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay_Pacifichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Airwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Airways_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Airways_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Airways_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JRD_Tatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Tobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widebodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707 -
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 11
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
^rosolt mayafrcflo flmustry
]bo gurrolt Afrcflos flmustry fs sbhwflj schw `ut rh`ust
jrhwtb# as ft ghios hut he tur`ucolt tfios, Zftb ghipotftfhl
alm hporatflj ghsts hl a bfjb# tbo ghlgoltratfhl fs hl `oghiflj
a coalor alm oeefgfolt, ]boy acsh bavo th ghlstaltcy coarl erhi
tbo grfsos alm sbhgds, ]bol tboro aro oxtorlac shurgos cfdo
ghlstalt tur`ucolgos alm gbaccoljos erhi laturac mfsastors alm
phcftfgac flsta`fcfty, ]bo afrcflo flmustry acsh bas th doop tragd
he rfsflj hfc prfgos# taxatfhl# alm gar`hl oifssfhl lhris, ]bo
afrcflo flmustry bas sbhwl rosfcfolgo th sustafl ftsoce, ]boflmustry bas roghvorom erhi tbo oghlhifg grfsfs he 0>>:)>2 alm
fs fiprhvflj, Agghrmflj th FA]A# fl 0>11# afr tralsphrt
passoljor traeefg jrow ?,6/ `ut prhefts eocc `y ?>/ muo th tbo tur`ucolt oghlhifg sgolarfh, Afr
travoc moialm roiafls rh`ust mospfto schw oghlhifg jrhwtb fl ialy rojfhls, "]ycor# 0>10&
@ut# mospfto tbo flgroaso fl passoljors# tbo flmustry bas
strujjcom th iado sfjlfefgalt prhefts, Actbhujb rovoluos rhso y
6,=/ th -?62 `l# prhefts oarlom woro -:,6`l# wbfgb fs bace wbol
ghiparom wftb 0>1>, ]bfs was carjocy muo th stoop flgroaso fl
tbo @rolt grumo hfc# tbus aeeogtflj avfatfhl euoc prfgos4 tbo
avorajo prfgo he a `arroc he hfc rhso erhi -:6 fl 0>1> th -105 fl
0>10, "]ycor# 0>10&
Fl 0>11# tbo flmustry bam al ammftfhl he 25? mfrogt
sorvfgos# rfljflj tbo thtac lui`or he mfrogt afrphrt)pafr
ghllogtfhls th apprhxfiatocy 7?#>>># ut tboro aro varfatfhls fl
tbo passoljor iardot porehrialgo johjrapbfgaccy, Whutb
Aiorfgal afrcflos jrow eastost at a rato he 11/, ]bo afrcflos fl Aerfga sbhwom tbo woadost
porehrialgo# muo th phcftfgac turihfc fl tbo rojfhl, Lhrtb Aiorfgal afrcflos
sbhwom a woad jrhwtb he 7/, ]bfs sbhws tbat tbo
iardot fs iaturo bas saturatom, ]bo oiorjflj Asfa
^agfefg iardot sbhwom a stoamy jrhwtb he ?/# `ut
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 10
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
cossor tbal cast yoar muo th tbo oartbquado alm tsulaif fl Kapal,
Ourhpoal afrcflos sbhwom strhljost jrhwtb# at 6/, ]boy aro acsh aihlj afrcflos fl tbo
tbroo carjost rojfhls,
]bo mhiostfg afr travoc flmustry sbhws a mfeeorolt pattorl acthjotbor, ]bo mhiostfg
avfatfhl iardots aro mhiflatom `y tbo _lftom Wtatos % Gbfla# wbh tado up =>/ he tbo iardotsbaro, ]bo _W iardot jrow `y kust 1,7/ fl 0>11 fl ghiparfshl th tbo Gbfloso iardot wbfgb
jrow `y acihst 11/, ]bo Flmfal mhiostfg iardot jrow `y 15/ ovol tbhujb ft fs kust hlo)
twocetb tbo sfzo he tbo _W iardot, @razfc# wbfgb jrow `y 1=/# fs acsh al oiorjflj iardot wftb
carjo phtoltfac, Kapals mhiostfg iardot was tbo whrst bft alm was romugom `y 1?/ muo th
laturac gacaiftfos fl oarcy 0>11, "]ycor# 0>10&
Wfljaphro afrcflos
Wfljaphro Afrcflos Cfiftom fs tbo ecajsbfp garrfor he Wfljaphro, Ft fs al fghlfg `ralm, Ft fs
a su`sfmfary he Wfljaphro Jhvorliolt alm bhcmflj ghipaly ]oiasod bhcmfljs, ]oiasad
bhcmfljs hwl ?=/ vhtflj sbaro, Wfljaphro jhvorliolt bhcms a jhcmol sbaro vfa tbo Iflfstry he
Eflalgo,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos `ojal wftb tbo flghrphratfhl he Iacayal Afrways Cfiftom fl 16=:,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos gaio flth oxfstolgo aetor a phcftfgac mfsajrooiolt otwool Wfljaphro alm
Iacaysfa soparatom tbo afrcflo Iacaysfal)Wfljaphro afrcflos, "Jca`# 0>>0&
Hporatflj erhi Gbaljf Afrphrt# Wfljaphro# Wfljaphro Afrcflos fs al fghlfg ralm, ]bo
afrcflo fs dlhwl ehr fts oxgoptfhlac quacfty he ecfjbts alm sorvfgo acfdo, Wfljaphro Afrcflos tados
prfmo fl `oghiflj tbo pfhloors fl tbo flmustry ehr varfhus fllhvatfvo alm quacfty up jramatfhls
th olbalgo gusthior oxporfolgo, ]boy aro dlhwl th `o tbo pfhloors fl tbo prhvfmflj fl)ecfjbt
ehhm alm `ovorajo sorvfgo, ]boy rovhcutfhlfzom tbo uso he togblhchjy `y flgcumflj fl)ecfjbtoltortafliolt# Drfs oltortafliolt# wbfgb fs lhtgbos aboam he tbo provfhus togblhchjy usom,
"Jca`# 0>>0&
Wfljaphro Afrcflos as a `ralm fs acsh dlhwl ehr fts fghlfg afrbhstoss, ]boy aro gaccom tbo
Wfljaphro Jfrcs, ]boy aro phrtrayom as joltco alm garflj, ]boy ghipcoiolt Wfljaphro Afrcflos
schjal Ajroat way th ecy, ]boy aro part he acc tbo amvortfsflj gaipafjlflj as tboy `ocfovo tbat
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 17
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
tbo Wfljaphro Jfrc fs tbo eago he tbo afrcflo alm al assot fts ghipotfthrs mhlt bavo, "Zfrtz %
Boragcohus# 0>>6&
Pogoltcy fl 0>>5# Wfljaphro Afrcflos was tbo efrst afrcflo th ecy tbo Afr`us A72>, Zftb a
ecoot he 66# tboy aro dlhwl th bavo hlo he tbo yhuljost ecoots fl tbo whrcm, Chw ecoot ajo assfsts
tboi fl jottflj ihro afr tfio alm ihro euoc oeefgfolgy, "Jca`# 0>>0&
]bo doy th tbo suggoss fs tbat tboy fjlhro tbo grhwm, Zbol tbo ghipotfthrs ehgusom hl
ghst guttflj ioasuros# Wfljaphro Afrcflos ehgusom hl ammflj vacuo th tbofr gusthiorsoxporfolgo alm `ufcm chyacty, ]boy ehgus hl amborflj th tbroo ehgus phflts# ^rhmugt coamorsbfp
alm lotwhrd ghllogtfvfty, ]boy sflgorocy flvost fl traflflj tbofr toai th olsuro tbo updoop he
sorvfgo stalmarms,]boy bavo `ool yoar aetor yoar raldom fl tbo ]hp ?> Zhrcms Ihst Amifrom
Ghipalfos `y tbo Ehrtulo Iajazflo, ]boy bavo tbo roghjlftfhl he `oflj tbo @ost Afrcflo fl tbo
Ghlmo Last ]ravocor iajazflo 07 he tbo 0= tfios# apart erhi varfhus htbor roghjlftfhls alm
awarms whl yoar aetor yoar, ]boy aro acsh coamors fl tbo `usfloss sojiolt travoc, "Jca`# 0>>0&
Hee cato cast eflalgfac yoar 0>11)10# ovol tbhujb tboy agbfovom a lot prheft he -005
ifccfhl# tboy wolt flth a chss he -7= ifccfhl fl tbo =tb quartor,
]bfs fs gausom `ogauso he flgroasom lui`or heghipotfthrs ecfjbts th Wfljaphro# `ottor
togblhchjfgaccy oqufppom ghipotftfhl fl tbo ehri he Afr Gbfla# Qatar Afrways alm Oifratos,
]bo phcftfgac tolsfhl fl Ifmmco Oast pusbom tbo euoc prfgos th -17> por `arroc, ]bo Ourhpoal
grfsfs alm laturac mfsastors sugb as tbo Kapaloso ]sulaif alm oartbquado rosuctom fl cossor
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 1=
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
lh he passoljors proeorrflj th ecy, Euoc ghst fs hlo he tbo ihst fiphrtalt ghst ghiphlolts#
tadflj a sbaro he 76,2/,
Vot ghlsfmorflj tbofr
porehrialgo fl tbo past =1 yoars
Wfljaphro Afrcflos fs oxpogtom th jot`agd th hl tragd vory shhl, ]boy
bavo statom pcals th fltrhmugo
rovaipom soats alm ga`fl fltorfhrs
achlj wftb al upjramom fl ecfjbt
oltortafliolt# th doop tbofr lhso
aboam he tbofr Asfal alm Ifmmco
Oastorl rfvacs, ]boy bavo acroamy
startom tbo romosfjlflj pbaso he
tbofr afrgraet fltorfhrs `y balmflj hvor tbo prhkogt @IZ Jrhup su`sfmfary Mosfjl whrds _WA
alm Kaios ^ard Asshgfatos th groato tbo loxt joloratfhl fl ecfjbt oxporfolgo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 1?
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Posoargb prh`coi
]h alacyzo tbo gusthior obavfhr alm roghiiolm gusthior goltrfg apprhagb th
Wfljaphro afrcflos th ghpo wftb jch`ac grfsfs % flgroasom ghipotftfhl erhi chw ghst garrfors fl a
ihro cf`oracfzom iardot,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos fs hlo he tbo `ost afrcflos fl tbo whrcm, Ft bas `ool a pfhloor fl
pursuflj varfhus gusthior goltrfg ovhcutfhls fl tbo afrcflo flmustry, Ft fs a trolm sottor alm
dlhwl ehr oeefgfolgy alm gusthior erfolmcy apprhagb, Wovorac stumfos bavo rovoacom tbat tbo
Wfljaphro Afrcflos `usfloss ihmoc fs a `olgbiard ehr tbo afrcflo flmustry whrtb ropcfgatflj,
]bo rogolt rfso fl ghipotftfhl erhi afrcflos agrhss tbo jch`o# jch`ac oghlhifg grfsos alm
siartor gusthiors bas pusbom Wfljaphro Afrcflos th hlo he tbo chwost hporatfhlac porfhms
sflgo fts flgoptfhl, ]bfs rosoargb wfcc alacyzo tbo aroas wboro tbo ghipotfthrs he Wfljaphro
Afrcflos aro sghrflj fl toris he passoljor eoom`agd alm sujjost eoom`agd hl tbo aroas he
fiprhvoiolt th iafltafl suproiagy fl tbo flmustry,
Wghpo he tbo Posoargb
]bo sghpo he tbfs rosoargb fs th ghlgoltrato hl Wfljaphro afrcflos# tbo ghlsuiors
hpflfhl hl tbofr proeorrom afrcflos alm tbo aroa he fiprhvoiolt ehr Wfljaphro afrcflos,
]bo oarcfor rosoargb ehgusom hl coarlfljs erhi Wfljaphro Afrcflos as al Fghlfg `ralm
alm a `usfloss ihmoc whrtb oiucatflj, ]bo rogolt ovacuatfhl hl tbo porehrialgo he tbo
flmustry alm tbo Wfljaphro Afrcflos statos tbat ghipotftfhl fs gatgbflj up, ]bo bfjb quacfty
gusthior sorvfgo alm suporfhr fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo ehr wbfgb Wfljaphro Afrcflos was ghlsfmorom hlo
he tbo `ost fs lhw a ialmato ehr tbo afrcflo flmustry, Afrcflos aro fiprhvflj hl tbo aspogts he
oeefgfolgy alm ihmorl ecoot, ]bo flmustry fs a ihro covoc pcayflj efocm as ghiparom th a mogamo
ajh, ]bo sghpo fl tbfs protoxt fs th ovacuato tbo gurrolt trolms wbfgb com th tbo mrhp fl tbo
porehrialgo he Wfljaphro Afrcflos alm roghiiolm a euturo ghurso he agtfhl, ]bfs wfcc bocp
Wfljaphro afrcflos th jot `agd th fts phsftfhl fl tbo flmustry wboro ft fs dlhwl th `o fl,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 15
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Posoargb Iotbhmhchjy
]bo rosoargb was mhlo hl soghlmary alm prfiary `asfs, ]bo soghlmary rosoargb was
garrfom hut y jatborflj fltorprotatfhls alm mata a`hut tbo flmustry# ghlsuior porgoptfhl almWfljaphro Afrcflos# vfa cftoraturo rovfow# agamoifg rovfow# khurlacs alm artfgcos, Wdytrax# a
trustom hlcflo wo`sfto wftb ihro tbal ? ifccfhl rovfows hl afrcflos alm afrphrts was alhtbor
iakhr shurgo usom th `hcstor tbo eflmfljs he tbo soghlmary rosoargb,
A part he tbo prfiary rosoargb# Quacftatfvo alm Qualtftatfvo alacysfs was garrfom hut hl travoc
ajolts alm afrcflo passoljors# stroljtbolom wftb doy flsfjbts erhi flmustry oxports,
Wtatoiolt he prh`coi
]hmays gusthiors `uyflj ba`fts aro east ovhcvflj muo th mylaifg iagrh alm ifgrh
oghlhifgac gbaljos, ]bo gusthior bas ovhcvom, ]hmay tboy aro sphfct `y gbhfgo, ]boy aroawaro he tbo prhmugts alm sorvfgos avafca`co, ]boy oxpogt quacfty at hptfiac prfgos, Bolgo tbo
gbaccoljo ehr tbo afrcflo flmustry cfos fl agbfovflj iaxfiui gusthior satfseagtfhl wftb jhhm
vacuo prhphsftfhl, ]bo afrcflo tbat fs a`co th mocfvor tbfs stratojy gal `oghio tbo iardot coamor,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos fs al fghlfg `ralm alm iardot coamor ehr tbo cast 7,? mogamos, @ut
gurroltcy ft fs schwflj chsflj fts iardot sbaro# th ihro ghipotftfvo afrcflos, Bolgo tboro fs a
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 12
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Waipcflj alm Mata Ghccogtfhl
Fl hrmor th ovacuato fe hur rosoargb iotbhmhchjy alm quostfhllafro woro aggurato alm
javo us rocovalt mata# wo ghlmugtom a pfcht survoy, A ghiprobolsfvo ovacuatfhl he tbo pfcht tost
quostfhllafro javo flsfjbts th fiprhvo tbo survoy alm iado iflhr amkustiolts,
]bo pfcht quostfhllafro bavflj 0= quostfhls was porgofvom as coljtby `y tborosphlmolts, ]bo pfcht stumy acsh rovoacom tbat tboro was a ecaw fl tbo strugturo he tbo
quostfhllafro rojarmflj tbo quostfhls th `o alsworom `y tbo Wfljaphro Afrcflos ecfors alm tbo
lhl ecfors, Ihrohvor wo ovol fmoltfefom tbat tbo lh, he pohpco proeorrflj a `umjot afrcflo woro
ihro, ]bfs baiporom hur alacysfs he pohpco wbh proeor eucc sorvfgo garrfors, Bolgo wo
asgortaflom tbo loom th efctor tbo rosphlmolts wbol ghlsfmorflj tbo pohpco agghrmflj tbo
proeorolgo he afrcflo sorvfgo,
Hlo quostfhl wftb tbo paraiotors hl a cfdort sgaco was gbogdom ehr eagthr alacysfs alm
a rojrossfhl was rul th asgortafl tbo stroljtb he tbo mata,
]bo prfiary rosoargb mata ghccogtfhl was garrfom hut hl twh iomfuis, ]bo passoljors
hlcflo survoy tarjotom 2> rosphlmolts "www,quactrfgs,ghi& alm tbo barm ghpy survoy tarjotflj
7> rosphlmolts was ghlmugtom at tbo arrfvac alm moparturos chuljo aroa he Gbaljf afrphrt, Zo
rogofvom 1>= rosphlsos hlcflo alm 1? barmghpy survoy rosphlsos, Zo mfsghltfluom tbo
balmhut survoy ogauso rosphlmolts ghipcaflom a`hut tbo quostfhllafro oflj chlj th efcc,
Quacftatfvo stumy;
Doy flsfjbts erhi Flmustry oxports;
Aetor fltorvfowflj twh flmustry oxports tbo ghiihl hpflfhls erhi tboi `htb a`hut tbo
afrcflo flmustry fl jolorac alm Wfljaphro afrcflos aro as ehcchws;
^rfgo solsftfvo gusthiors; ]bo gusthiors aro prfgo ghlsgfhus alm oxpogt th jotiaxfiui vacuo wbol tboy travoc `y eucc sorvfgo afrcflos, ]bo eucc sorvfgo afrcflos aro lht
hlcy ghipotflj wftb htbor eucc sorvfgo afrcflos `ut acsh wftb `umjot afrcflos wbfgb oat
up flth tbofr iardot sbaro, Gcoarcy# WFA fs chsflj fts sbaro th prfgo solsftfvo passoljors,
Lh ghiprhifso hl sorvfgo; Efrstcy# sorvfgo oxpogtatfhls bavo flgroasom ehr passoljors`ogauso tboy lhw bavo zorh thcoralgo th eaucty sorvfgo, Ihrohvor# fe a passoljor gbhhsos
a eucc sorvfgo hvor htbor eucc sorvfgo hr ovol `umjot afrcflos# tbofr oxpogtatfhls aro lhw
ihro tbal bhw iugb ft usom th `o fl tbo oarcy 0>>>s, Woghlmcy# sflgo ft fs tbo `uyors
iardot# alm tbo passoljors aro lhw eroo th phst tbofr oxporfolgos hl `chjs alm shgfac
lotwhrdflj sftos# ft agts cfdo whrm he ihutb, Bolgo# a `ochw par sorvfgo `y aly afrcflo
wfcc bavo fts rfppcflj oeeogt, WFA fs a`co th bavo bfjb sorvfgo stalmarms,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 16
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Chlj bauc ecfjbts aro lht joloraccy proeorrom; Muo th tbo avafca`fcfty he garrforsacihst acc hvor tbo whrcm# pohpco proeor th bavo a `road fl tbofr chlj mfstalgo khurloys,
Fl jolorac# passoljors proeor bavflj twh iomfui bauc ecfjbts ratbor tbal hlo chlj bauc
ecfjbt,
WFA sorvfgos; Actbhujb `htb tbo oxports ratom WFA sorvfgos as suporfhr th ihst he tboafrcflos# rogoltcy tbo flmustry oxports wbh aro acsh eroquolt ecyors gcafi tbat tboro fs a
cagd he ghlsfstolgy fl tbo sorvfgo stalmarms agrhss mfeeorolt sogthrs, Ehr oj, A Wfljaphro
Iui`af sogthr iay rogofvo a mfeeorolt covoc he sorvfgo ghiparom th a Wfljaphro
Mu`af sogthr,
Quacfty he fltorfhrs he WFA; Actbhujb WFA stfcc bavo hlo he tbo yhuljost ecoot fl tboflmustry# tbo fltorfhr fs motorfhratflj, Ajafl# ft soois th `o flghlsfstolt as ft varfos
`otwool mfeeorolt sogthrs, Bhwovor# tbfs motorfhratfhl fs wbol hlo ghiparos th WFAs
hwl stalmarms, WFA fs stfcc `ottor tbal ihst he tbo rost agrhss tbo jch`o as ear as
fltorfhrs aro ghlgorlom,
WFA staeetbhrhujb prheossfhlacs; WFA aro vory prheossfhlac fl tbofr apprhagb# tboybavo a wocc wrfttol sgrfpt ehr acihst ovory a`orratfhl tbat passoljor alm staee fs cfdocy
th olghultor, Actbhujb tbfs whrds hut th `o fl eavhr he WFA hl ihst hggasfhls#
passoljors at tfios iay tori ft as flecoxf`fcfty fl sorvfgo,
Hlcflo prosolgo alm gacc goltors; WFA stfcc looms th gatgb up fl tbofr hlcflo prosolgo,]bo wo`sfto appoars th o coss usor)erfolmcy ghiparom th htbors alm acsh bavo cfiftom
prosolgo fl tbo tbfrm party wo`sftos, ]bo gusthior garo goltors acsh aro lht as oeeogtfvo
as ihst he fts ghultorparts,
Doy flsfjbts erhi eroquolt ecyors;
A quacftatfvo stumy was ghlmugtom hl tol eroquolt ecyors, ]boy woro asdom hpol olmom
quostfhls `asom hl tbo mfsgussfhl jufmo "roeor appolmfx&, ]bo suiiary he tbo coarlflj fs as
ehcchws;
^roeorrom afrcflos; @osfmos WFA# Oifratos# Qatar alm Qaltas aro tbo htbor proeorromafrcflos# wbfgb bavo a ghipara`co sorvfgo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 0>
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Whurgo he `hhdflj; Ihst passoljors proeor th `hhd tbrhujb afrcflo wo`sftos hr tbfrmparty wo`sftos wbol tboy aro travoccflj ehr porshlac purphso# `ut uso tbo fl bhuso
travoc bhuso hr travoc ajolts th `hhd tfgdots ehr heefgfac purphsos,
^araiotors ghlsfmorom `oehro `hhdflj a partfgucar afrcflo; ^ulgtuacfty# fl ecfjbtsorvfgo# ghlvolfolgo fl toris he ecfjbt tfifljs alm eroquolt ecyor prhjrai pcay a vftac
rhco fl motoriflflj tbofr gbhfgo he afrcflo, Bhwovor# wbol tboy travoc ehr heefgfac
purphso# ft fs ihro th mh wftb tbo gap tbat fs put hl tbo afrcflo earo wbfgb motoriflos
tbo gbhfgo he afrcflo,
Jh Jrool; Eroquolt ecyors aro joloraccy awaro he tbo jh jrool flftfatfvos he afrcflos,]boy aro wfccflj th travoc afrcflos prhihtflj jrool flftfatfvos `ut aro ulwfccflj th `oar
tbo ghst `urmol,
Doy flsfjbts erhi travoc ajolts;
A quacftatfvo stumy was ghlmugtom hl lflo eroquolt ecyors, ]boy woro asdom hpol olmom
quostfhls `asom hl tbo mfsgussfhl jufmo "roeor appolmfx&, ]bo suiiary he tbo coarlflj fs as
ehcchws;
^rfgo; Agghrmflj th tbo travoc ajolts prfgo pcays tbo ihst fiphrtalt rhco wbolpassoljors gbhhso al afrcflo th ecy,
Htbor paraiotors; ]broo travoc ajolts hut he tbo lflo survoyom `ocfovo tbat passoljorschhd at fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo# pulgtuacfty# ajjajo spago alm saeoty as htbor fiphrtalt eagthr
ehr gbhhsflj al afrcflo,
Ecoxf`fcfty he WFA; ]ravoc ajolts fl jolorac `ocfovo tbat WFA fs lht vory ecoxf`co flagghiihmatflj cast ifluto roquosts he travoc ajolts,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 01
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Cftoraturo rovfow
@hhds;
Agghrmflj th Ecyflj Bfjb# mospfto ihst he tbo afrcflo ghipalfos eagflj tostflj tfios wftb
rfsflj euoc prfgos ghupcom wftb jch`ac oghlhifg
schwmhwl# Wfljaphro afrcflos fs hlo he tbo vory eowafrcflo th phst prhefts ghlsfstoltcy ehr tbo cast tbroo alm
a bace mogamos, ]bo autbhrs attrf`uto tbo suggoss th
tbo fiphrtalgo jfvol th fllhvatfhl# bavflj a yhulj
ecoot he afrgraets# rfjhrhus traflflj alm socogtfhl
prhgoss# oiphworiolt# alm prheft ghlsgfhusloss alm
ghst guttflj was fljraflom fl ovory oipchyoo, Mospfto
ghst guttflj ioasuros# Wfljaphro Afrcflos lovor
ghiprhifsom hl quacfty ghupcom wftb ghlstalt
fllhvatfhls wbfgb com th tbo suggoss he Wfljaphro
afrcflos, "Chfzhs ]b Boragcohus# 0>>5&
]bo `hhd# ]bo Whutbwost Afrcflos Zay mosgrf`os bhw Bor`ort Doboccor agbfovom bfjb
porehrialgo usflj tbo phwor he rocatfhlsbfps, Whutbwost
afrcflos bavo `ool tbo pfhloors fl `umjot afrcflos, ]bo
afrcflos suggoss sthry fs ajafl muo th fllhvatfhl alm
iafltaflflj mfeeorolt ghiiulfgatfhl togblfquos th
mfeeorolt stadobhcmors sugb as Eroquolt# tfiocy alm
prh`coi shcvflj ghiiulfgatfhl, "Jfttocc# 0>>=&
Artfgcos alm Khurlacs;
Agghrmflj th FA]A 0>10# Afrcflos aro al ossoltfac ghiphlolt he tbo travoc alm thurfsi
flmustry alm arjua`cy tbo carjost flmustry fl tbo
whrcm, ^rhgoss alm movochpiolt fl tbo
tralsphrtatfhl sogthr fs tbo agd`hlo ehr tbo
oghlhifg prhsporfty he tbo ghultry# `htb
mhiostfgaccy alm fltorlatfhlaccy1, Mospfto acc tbfs
tbo afrcflo flmustry fs eagflj troiolmhus
tur`ucolgo sflgo tbo morojucatfhl, hst tbo
morojucatfhl otwool 16:: alm 1660# afrcflo
flmustry oarlom a jrhss rovoluo he _WM 0 trfccfhl
WFA ehgusom hl fllhvatfhl#
yhulj ecoot# rfjhrhus traflflj
alm socogtfhl prhgoss#
oiphworiolt# alm iamo
oipchyoos prheft alm ghst
ghlsgfhus, ]bfs bocpom tboi
agbfovo tbofr mosfrom thp alm
`htthi cflo,
^fhloor he `umjot afrcflosWhutb
wost afrcflos agbfovom bfjb
porehrialgo `y usflj tbo phwor
he rocatfhlsbfps,
Jch`accy# phst tbo morojucatfhl
`otwool 16:: alm 1660# afrcflo
flmustry bas oarlom prhefts he
hlcy >,5/ he tbofr thtac rovoluo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 00
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
wbfst fts hporatflj oxpolso was as bfjb as _WM 1,65 trfccfhl# spfracflj th kust >,5/ lot prheft he
tbo thtac rovoluo, "]ycor# 0>10&
Agghrmflj th FA]A "Kaluary 0>10 tbo fltorlatfhlac sgbomucom passoljor traeefg
ioasurom fl P^Ds f,o, Povoluo assoljor Dfchiotors fs ghlstaltcy flgroasflj sflgo 0>>0
`arrflj twh sot`agds fl 0>>7 alm 0>>2 hwflj thtbo jch`ac eflalgfac grfsfs, ]bo P^D bas
flgroasom erhi 1?> `fccfhl por ihltb fl Kal
0>>7 th 0:? `fccfhl por ihltb fl Kal 0>10, As
por FA]A# tbo iakhr ghltrf`uthrs th whrcmwfmo
P^D fs Ourhpo "10> `fccfhl ( ihltb& alm Asfa
pagfefg "1>> `fccfhl( ihltb&, "]ycor# 0>10&
Almrow Ghhd# Jrabai ]allor# Wtopbol Almorshl fl tbofr rosoargb papor tftcom
Ovacuatflj tbo truo ghst th afrcflos he hlo ifluto he
afr`hrlo hr jrhulm mocay; mosgrf`o tbo varfhus roashls
alm typos he afrgraet mocays alm tbo mfrogt ghst
fipcfgatfhls, ]boy bavo arrfvom at startcflj eagts sugb
as a 5? ifluto ecfjbt mocay iay ghst up th 1?> ourh por
ifluto ehr hlcy bhcmflj tbo afrgraet, "Ghhd# 0>>=&
Efjuro 1)Alacytfgac bforargbfgac Iotbhm
P^D bas flgroasom erhi 1?> `fccfhl
por ihltb fl Kal 0>>7 th 0:?
`fccfhl por ihltb fl Kal 0>10,
A sfxty efvo ifluto ecfjbt mocay
ghucm ghst tbo afrcflo upth 1?>
Ourh por ifluto,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 07
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Agghrmflj tbo prfiary alm soghlmary stumy
ghlmugtom `y Amcf I# Kfa)^of alm Wfaw)^olj C erhi
_lfvorsftf Wfals Iacaysfa# Iacaysfal afrcflos#
Gatbay pagfefg alm Wfljaphro afrcflos woro ihstoeefgfolt fl toris he sorvfgo quacfty ehr ecfjbts
calmflj at ^olalj# Iacaysfa he : afrcflos
ghlsfmorom, Erhi afr travocors# wofjbts ehr oagb
grftorfhl woro motoriflom usflj pafr wfso
ghiparfshl iotbhms, ]bo varfa`cos usom aro taljf`fcfty# rocfa`fcfty# Posphlsfvoloss alm
assuralgo# ghurtosy he ga`fl grow# ga`fl saeoty prhgomuro# ghiehrt alm gcoalcfloss, Alacytfgac
bforargbfgac iotbhm was usom th ovacuato tbo sorvfgo quacfty he afrcflos, "Iustaea# Kfa# ^olj# %
Baifm# 0>>?&
Afrcflo saeoty alm sogurfty bas acsh `ool al fltojrac part coamflj th tbo prhefta`fcfty he
afrcflos, WAO Fltorlatfhlac saeoty# ghlmugtom a prfiary stumy hl afrgraet aggfmolts, Bhwovor#
tbfs stumy bas eurtbor sghpo ehr fiprhvoiolt as tbo sogurfty aspogt he tbo 6(11 attagds was
lht ghlsfmorom, "Iatbows# 0>>>&
Chhesjarm prfiarfcy ehgusom hl tbo Ourhpoal garrfors
alm bhw th ialajo tbo saeoty stalmarms he afrcflos
murflj tbo tfios he morojucatfhl, Autbhr fl cottflj
chhsomosgrf`os tbo sogurfty fssuos fl tbo whrcm#
gbaljos fl sogurfty togblfquos alm prh`cois wftb
h`shcoto sogurfty systoi alm bhw ft bas fipagtom tbo
`ralm he tbo afrcflos, "Chhesjarm 166>&
Agghrmflj th a soghlmary rosoargb ghlmugtom
`y Gbfa A alm ^bau F ; ]bo papor stumfos twh asfal
afrcflos laiocy Iacaysfal afrcflos alm Wfljaphro
Afrcflos# tbo porgofvom quacfty fs tbo mfeeorolgo hetbofr oxpogtatfhls alm porgoptfhls ehriom a`hut tbo
afrcflos, Ft acsh statos tbat ghrphrato gucturo oeeogts
sorvfgo quacfty, ]bo varfa`cos usom fl tbo artfgcos
flgcumo ]fiocfloss# ghiehrt# ghlvolfolgo alm
Ehr ecfjbts calmflj at ^olalj#
Iacaysfa ) Iacaysfal afrcflos#
Gatbay ^agfefg alm WFA aro ihst
oeefgfolt fl toris he sorvfgo
quacfty,
H`shcoto sogurfty systoi bas a
mfrogt fipagt hl tbo `ralm he tbo
afrcflo,
]fio ghlvolfolgo fs tbo ihst
fiphrtalt eagthr ehr eroquolt alm
ihmorato ecyors alm mostflatfhl
fs tbo shco fiphrtalt grftorfa ehr
cfjbt ecyors,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 0=
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
mostflatfhls, Eurtbor tbo rosoargb ioltfhls tbat ghlvolfolgo fs tbo ihst fiphrtalt grftorfa ehr
eroquolt alm ihmorato ecfors wboro as cfjbt ecfors "3 twh trfps a yoar& raldom mostflatfhls as
tbofr iafl proeorolgo, "Altbhly Gbfa# 1666&
Agamoifg KhurlacsAgghrmflj th ^rhe, Mavfm Zossocs#
Ghlsuiors actbhujb awaro he tbofr gbhfgos stfcc
gbhhso tbofr proeorrom afrcflo, ^rfgo fs tbo doy
eagthr# ioacs alm upjramos aro coss fiphrtalt# alm
ialy mhlt ovol porgofvo a mfeeorolgo fl chw ghst
garrfors alm eucc sorvfgo garrfor, Cofsuro travocors moac wftb afrcflos uctfiatocy ehr hhdflj# alm
`usfloss travocors moac wftb ]A, ^rfhr th 0>>1# ghlvolfolgo alm chyacty prhjrai woro tbo
fiphrtalt eagthrs ghlsfmorom ehr gbhhsflj al afrcflo,Iomfa Whurgos usom wbol `hhdflj# lh, he
afrcflos ghlsfmorom# eroquolt ecyor ioi`orsbfp aro tbo mfeeorolt varfa`cos usom, "Zossocs# 0>>5&
Agghrmflj th Atfcjal O alm Adflgf W# tbo jap
`otwool oxpogtom sorvfgo alm porgofvom sorvfgo
motoriflos tbo satfseagtfhl covoc he gusthiors, ]bo
eagthrs tbat prhipt al flmfvfmuac th oxpogt a quacfty he
sorvfgo fs whrm he ihutb# porshlac looms alm past
oxporfolgos,Fltorlot# Ehhm alm `ovorajo# ga`fl#
aostbotfgs# ghlvolfolgo# mopolma`fcfty alm fl)ecfjbt
agtfvftfos aro tbo doy varfa`cos ghlsfmorom, Fltorlot
alm Ehhm alm `ovorajo woro tbo twh ihst grftorfa
wbfgb bam tbo iaxfiui mfeeorolgos fl tbfs prfiary
stumy wbfgb was gbartorom afrcflos gusthiors wftb iakhrfty he fts gusthiors erhi Jorialy,
"Atfcjal# Adflgf# % Adshy# 0>>2&
Agghrmflj th Capro I alm ]sfdrftsfs L# afrcflos
coarl erhi hporatflj oxporfolgos fl tbo sbhrt tori th
romugo gusthior mfssatfseagtfhl alm ehcchw tbo _sbapom eulgtfhl he hporatflj oxporfolgo fl tbo chlj
rul th coarl th balmco gusthior mfssatfseagtfhl,
Gusthiors flgroaso tbofr oxpogtatfhls `asom hl tbofr
past oxporfolgo, Agghrmflj th Basdott "166:
ghipalfos agbfovo bfjb prhefta`fcfty y oftbor ehgus
^assoljor chyacty fs sfjlfefgalt
achlj wftb prfgo, Ioacs alm
upjramos aro coss sfjlfefgalt fl
ghiparfshl th prfgo,
Jap `otwool porgofvom alm
oxpogtom sorvfgos motoriflo tbo
satfseagtfhl covoc he gusthiors,
Fltorlot alm ehhm % `ovorajo aro
tbo twh ihst fiphrtalt grftorfa
th motoriflo passoljor
satfseagtfhl,
^assoljors flgroaso tbofr
oxpogtatfhls `asom hl past
oxporfolgos,
Afrcflos coarl erhi tbofr
hporatflj oxporfolgos th romugo
passoljor mfssatfseagtfhl fl tbo
sbhrt tori,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 0?
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
hl hporatfhls "fl tbo sorvfgo mocfvory systoi& hr ehgus hl iardot "fl tbo tarjot iardot&,]bo
varfa`cos ghlsfmorom aro ifsbalmcom `ajjajo# hvor sacos# Molfom `harmflj# cato arrfvacs# chlj
ecfjbts alm ghllogtfhls, Ihst eucc sorvfgo afrcflos coarl eastor tbal ehgusom afrcflos, Ihst
afrcflos pfl phfltom th hlo alhtbor ehr ghipcaflts rogofvom wboro as Whutb wost afrcflos usom a
ghccogtfvo apprhagb# lht pcayflj tbo `caio jaio alm was eastost fl tbo coarlflj gurvo, "Capro %]sfdrfdtsfs# Iargb 0>>5&
Agghrmflj th [oftbaic U alm @orry C alm
^arasuraial A# tboro fs a zhlo he thcoralgo soparatos
tbo mosfrom sorvfgos erhi amoquato sorvfgos alm varfos
agrhss gusthiors, Ft acsh oxpalms alm ghltragts
wftbfl tbo saio gusthior alm tbo mosfrom covoc he
sorvfgo fs su`kogt th gbaljo cossor tbal tbo amoquato
sorvfgo covoc, A phsftfvo rocatfhlsbfp oxfsts otwool
tbo covoc he porshlac looms alm mosfrom sorvfgo, ]bo
papor acsh statos tbat tbo bfjbor tbo covoc he oxpcfgft
sorvfgo prhifsos# tbo bfjbor fs tbo covoc he mosfrom alm
promfgtom sorvfgo, Covoc he mosfrom alm promfgtom sorvfgo fs ocovatom `ogauso he phsftfvo whrm he
ihutb, "[oftbaic# @orry# % arasuraial# 1667&
Gurrolt porehrialgo sghros gal
`o ghiparom th ghipotftfhl `ost
pragtfgo stalmarms th fmoltfey
gurrolt sorvfgo covocs,
^orgoptfhls alm oxpogtatfhls he
mfeeorolt gusthior jrhups gal `o
fmoltfefom alm ghiparom,
Efjuro 0
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 05
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
As por a stumy ghlmugtom `y ]forol W "0>>2&
hl tbroo aspogts he afrcflo sorvfgo quacfty laiocy tfio
ecfjbt arrfvacs# ajjajo rophrts# alm ecfjbt
galgoccatfhls# O_s porgoptfhl sghro aro ihro tbaltbhso he _W saipco flmfgatflj a ihro phsftfvo
mfsphsftfhl thwarms afrcflo flmustry, ]broo doy aroas
he afrcflo sorvfgo quacfty4 hl tfio ecfjbt arrfvacs#
`ajjajo rophrts alm ecfjbt galgoccatfhls agtuac rophrtom mata hl sorvfgo quacfty aro tbo
varfa`cos usom, Fleagt# fl _W# agtuac survoy rovoacs tbat agtuac ghlsuior porgoptfhl aro whrso
tbal rophrtom fl _W afr travoc ghlsuior rophrt, "]forol# 0>>2&
Agghrmflj th Kalawamo U# accfalgos fipagt tbo
porgofvom quacfty he afrcflos alm passoljors oxpogt tbo
saio covoc he sorvfgo wbfco travoccflj fl partlor afrcflos
frrospogtfvo he tbo afrcflos, ]bo varfa`cos ghlsfmorom aro
Hl)tfio porgoltajo# ecfjbt fssuos# molfom `harmfljs#
roeulms alm earo ghipcaflt, Hl)tfio oxporfolgo# roeulm prhgomuro otg, bavo a jroator fipagt
hl tbo passoljors oxporfolgo tbal tbo fl)ecfjbt oxporfolgo, "Kalawamo# 0>1>&
As ear as chw ghst garrfors aro ghlgorlom
Arrfefl A# Waccob A# Azfz L# As`umfl A "0>1> mospfto
travoccflj fl a chw ghst afrcflo actbhujb aeehrma`fcfty fs
tbo prfio grftorfa# passoljors stfcc oxpogt garflj alm
taljf`co aspogts he sorvfgo,]boy iust o vfsuaccy
appoacflj alm loat fl appoarolgo at acc tfio, ]bfs
flmfgatos tbat chw ghst afrcflos# fe tbo sueefgo tbo iust
bavo paraiotors# gal phso a tbroat th tbo eucc sorvfgo afrcflos, "Arrfefl# Waccob# Azfz# % As`umfl#
Eo`ruary 0>1>&
Htbor stumfos acsh flmfgato tbat wo`sftos bavo alfipagt hl `uyflj mogfsfhls, Agghrmflj th ^hwocc I
"0>1> tboro aro tbroo aspogts tbat motoriflo tbo
oeeogtfvoloss he a wo`sftoghltrhcca co# soif)ghltrhcca co
alm ulghltrhcca`co, Ghltrhcca`co eagthrs flgcumo ghchur#
ehlt# sgrool cayhut# lavfjatfhl, ]bo soif)ghltrhcca`co
flgcumo porgofvom sogurfty alm ulghltrhcca`co flgcumo porgofvom sogurfty, Uarfa`cos flgcumom
O_s porgoptfhl sghro fs ihro
tbal _W fl toris he hl tfio ecfjbt
arrfvacs# `ajjajo rophrts alm
ecfjbt galgoccatfhls,
Hl tfio oxporfolgo alm roeulm
prhgomuros otg, bavo a jroator
fipagt tbal fl)ecfjbt oxporfolgo,
Actbhujb aeehrma`fcfty fs tbo
prfio grftorfa ehr `umjot afrcflos#passoljors ghltfluo th oxpogt
garflj alm taljf`co aspogts he
sorvfgo phsflj a tbroat th eucc
sorvfgo afrcflos,
Ghltrhcca`co aspogts sugb as ehlt#
ghchr# hrfoltatfhl fl al afrcflo
wo`sfto bas a `ottor flecuolgo fl
tbo `uyflj mogfsfhl,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 0:
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
aro Ehlt# ghchr# hrfoltatfhl alm htbor vfsuac varfa`cos woro flmfvfmuaccy ioasurom# oaso he
hrmorflj alm quacfty he bocp, ]bo stumy statos tbat ghltrhcca`co aspogts bavo ihro flecuolgo fl
`uyflj mogfsfhl tbal soif ghltrhcca`co alm buial rosphlso fs aeeogtom y ghchur# hrfoltatfhl#
sfzo alm flehriatfhl molsfty, "^hwocc# 0>11&
Agghrmflj th Gcoios I# Jal G# Dah ]# Gbhhlj
I "0>>2& fl tbofr khurlac Al oipfrfgac alacysfs he
gusthior satfseagtfhl fl fltorlatfhlac afr travoc#
surprfsfljcy# tfiocfloss fs tbo coast fiphrtalt
mfiolsfhl as porgofvom y afrcflo passoljors,
Eflmfljs flmfgato tbat passoljors porgoptfhl he
fltorlatfhlac afr travoc sorvfgo quacfty wfcc mfeeor
agghrmflj th passoljors ajo# jolmor# flghio# hggupatfhl alm iarftac status, ]bo paraiotors
ghlsfmorom fl tbfs stumy aro ]fiocfloss# assuralgo# ghlvolfolgo# bocpeucloss# ghiehrt# ioacs#
alm saeoty alm sogurfty, "Gcoios# Jal# Dah# % Gbhhlj# 0>>2&
A Barwarm @usfloss gaso stumy ]bo Jch`o; Wfljaphro Afrcflos `acalgflj agt `y Zfrtz
B"0>1> statos tbo muac stratojy he WFA^roifui sorvfgo prhvfmor alm ghst coamor, WFA
ghlsfmors ialy eagthrs th `o tbo ulmfsputom ghst coamor
fl tbo afrcflo flmustry, WFA spolms ihro tbal fts
ghipotfthrs fl eow doy aroas cfdo `uyflj low afrgraet#
traflflj# ca`hur ghst hl ecfjbts alm fllhvatfhl, As a
rosuct ft spolms coss hl ^rfgo por afrgraet# euoc
iafltolalgo alm ropafr muo th tbofr yhulj ecoot he
afrgraets# chw sacarfos# tboy attragt yhulj barm whrdors
`ogauso he tbo afrcflos roputatfhl, Acsh# tbo sacos alm
amiflfstratfhl ghst fs coss `y bavflj a coal ghrphrato boam quartors# bavflj iaxfiui chyac
gusthiors alm spolmflj iflfiui hl `agd heefgo togblhchjfos fl aroas tbat mhos lht aeeogt
gusthior oxporfolgo, "Zfrtz B, # 0>1>&
Agghrmflj th `chhi`orj `usflosswood"0>10#Iay& WFA fs eagflj stfee ghipotfhl erhi tbo
afrcflos he ifmmco oast laiocy Oifratos alm Qatar,
WFA wftlossom tbo `fjjost mrhp fl sbaro prfgos alm
Quartor= 0>11)10 chss he _WM 71i, Euoc agghults th
=1/ he tbo ghst wbfgb fs tbo iakhr gauso ehr
]fiocfloss fl afr travoc fs tbo
coast fiphrtalt eagthr aeeogtflj
tbo gusthior satfseagtfhl,
WFA bas suggosseuccy `ool a`co th
`acalgo tbofr muac stratojy he
`oflj proifui sorvfgo prhvfmor
alm ulmfsputom ghst coamor,
WFA fs eagflj a tbroat erhi
Qatar alm Oifratos,
Hwlflj A)72> fs lh ihro a
mfeeoroltfathr sflgo Iacaysfal
afrcflos alm ]baf afrways acsh
hwl tboi,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 02
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
ghlgorl,Oifratos alm Qatar phso a tbroat muo th `ottor sorvfgo, IAW alm ]baf afrways bavo
purgbasom A72># sh WFA mhos lht bavo a mfeeoroltfatfhl fl toris he fts ecoot, WFA bas a :,7/
mrhp fl soats `y payflj passoljors sflgo 0>>2, "Efgdcflj# 0>10&
]bus# tbo afrcflo flmustry fl tbo whrcm thmay soois th o tbo hlo wftb chts he bfjbs almchws# mopolmolt hl varfhus eagthrs `oyhlm tbo hrjalfzatfhls mfrogt ghltrhc sugb as jch`ac
oghlhifg grfsfs# Ourhpoal grfsfs# woatbor# vhcgalfg asb otg, Mospfto tbo gbaccoljos# FA]A"0>10&
fs hptfifstfg a`hut `rfjbtor mays aboam ehr tbo flmustry whrcmwfmo altfgfpatflj a jrhwtb fl
P^Ds th 02>,
Wdytrax;
Wdytrax fs a _D `asom ghlsuctalgy wbfgb bas `ool hporatfhlac sflgo 166>s, Ft fs wocc
roghjlfzom y acc afrcflos agrhss tbo whrcm, Ft ghlmugts tbhrhujb prheossfhlac aumfts alm
prhmugt alm sorvfgo quacfty olgbiardflj prhjrais, ]bo afrcflo flmustrys ihst prhmugt alm
sorvfgo quacfty prhjrai# tbo Wdytrax Afrcflo Quacfty Aumft "WAQA& fs flstftutfhlacfzom ehr tbo
cast twolty yoars, ]bo Quacfty gortfefgatfhl prhvfmom fs a jch`ac roghjlftfhl he erhlt cflo
stalmarms alm ft fs fl ghipcfalgo wftb tbo stalmarms he Zhrcm Afrcflo Quacfty Aumft "ZAQA&,
"Wdytrax# 0>10&
WAQA appcfos fts ovacuatfhl systoi th assoss prhmugt alm sorvfgo quacfty ehr afrcflos
alm afrphrt hporatfhls, ]boso stalmarms aro rovfowom ehr ghipcfalgo hl al alluac `asfs, ]bo
jrhulm sorvfgo hporatfhls flgcumo wo`sfto hporatfhls alm acc erhlt cflo hporatfhls sugb as
tfgdotflj# gbogd)fl# sogurfty# chuljos otg, at tbo afrcflos `aso bu`, ]bo hl`harm sorvfgoalacysfs fs a ihro motafcom hlo flgcumflj ghro prhmugt stalmarms alm sorvfgo alm mocfvory
oeefgfolgy agrhss varfhus paraiotors,
@asom hl tbo aumfts# Wdytrax prhvfmos star raldfljs th afrcflos, ]bfs bocps tbo afrcflos
h`tafl aggurato# flmopolmolt# quacfty alacysfs alm olgbiardflj hl rocatfvo porehrialgo,
Ihro tbal 2>> aspogts aro ghlsfmorom `oehro prhvfmflj a raldflj, Wdytrax fs acsh a wocc dlhwl
pcatehri ehr passoljors th prhvfmo rovfows a`hut afrcflos alm afrphrts,
@osfmos# Wdytraxs alluac whrcm afrcflo awarm fs vory prostfjfhus alm phpucar, Afrcflos
aro awarmom hl varfhus gatojhrfos sugb as afrcflo he tbo yoar# `ost fl ecfjbt oltortafliolt
awarm# ga`fl staee awarm# alm `ost soat awarm# `ost gatorflj awarm alm rojfhlac afrcflos
awarms as wocc, ]bo awarms aro mogfmom aetor a motafcom survoy ghlmugtom hvor a porfhm he tol
ihltbs, Apprhxfiatocy ofjbtool ifccfhl passoljors agrhss 1>> mfeeorolt latfhlacftfos aro
stumfom, ]bfrty ofjbt paraiotors alm acihst 0>> afrcflos aro ghlsfmorom ehr tboso awarms, Ft
bas a phcc `roador prhjrai th olsuro tbat tboro fs lh mupcfgatfhl he rosphlmolts fl tbo survoy,
"Wdytrax# 0>10&
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 06
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
@ochw aro tbo rosucts he tbo Zhrcm afrcflo awarms ehr 0>10, ]h ulmorstalm tbo phsftfhl
he Wfljaphro afrcflos aihljst htbor fltorlatfhlac pcayors agrhss mfeeorolt paraiotors# wo bavo
stumfom tbo mata sflgo 0>1>,
WDV]PARAfrcflo he tbo yoar awarm, "Wdytrax# 0>10&)]a`co 1
Qatar Afrways fs vhtom as tbo `ost afrcflos ehr tbo cast twh yoars, Actbhujb
Wfljaphro afrcflos appoar ghlsfstoltcy fl tbo thp tbroo afrcflos he tbo yoar# ft bas scfppom erhi
tbo 0lm phsftfhl fl 0>1> alm 0>11 th 7rm fl 0>10,
WDV]PAR@ost fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt awarm"Wdytrax# 0>10&)]a`co 0
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 7>
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Oifratos bavo ghlsfstoltcy rogofvom tbo ost fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt awarm ehr tbo cast
tbroo yoars, Ajafl actbhujb Wfljaphro afrcflos aro aihljst tbo thp tbroo# ft bas scfppom th tbo
tbfrm phsftfhl fl 0>10,
WDV]PARGa`fl staee awarm"Wdytrax# 0>10& ) ]a`co 7
Iacaysfal afrcflos alm Asfala afrcflos hggupy tbo efrst alm soghlm phsftfhl rospogtfvocy
wbfcst Wfljaphro afrcflos bas `ool scfppflj fl rald sflgo 0>1> alm gurroltcy fs lht aihljst
tbo thp tbroo afrcflos he tbo whrcm fl toris he ga`fl staee oxgoccolgo,
WDV]PAR@ost soat awarm "Wdytrax# 0>10& ) ]a`co =
As ear as tbo `ost soat awarm fs ghlgorlom# Hial afrways bas tbo `ost `usfloss gcass
soat alm Asfala fl tbo oghlhiy gcass gatojhry, Ajafl# Wfljaphro Afrcflos bas `ool scfppflj fl
rald fl tbo `usfloss gcass gatojhry alm appoars at tbo tbfrm phsftfhl as ear as tbo oghlhiy
gcass fs ghlgorlom,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 71
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
WDV]PAR@ost gatorflj awarm "Wdytrax# 0>10& ) ]a`co ?
Fl tbo `ost gatorflj awarm gatojhry# Otfbam# Wwfss# Qaltas alm Wfljaphro afrcflos
rogofvo tbo awarm ehr efrst gcass# `usfloss gcass# proifui oghlhiy alm oghlhiy gcass
rospogtfvocy, Wfljaphro afrcflo mhos lht appoar aihlj tbo thp tbroo fl tbroo he tbo ehur
gatojhrfos,
Wdytrax rovfows
]bo Wdytrax rovfows woro stumfom ehr tbo passoljor ghiiolts alm eoom`agd phstom hl
tbo wo`sfto, ]bfs bocps us th ulmorstalm tbo passoljor oxpogtatfhls alm ghlgorls wbfco ecyflj
WFA, Fl hrmor th ghiparo WFA wftb htbor ghipotflj afrcflos# wo stumfom tbo rovfows he Oifratos#
Qatar# Gatbay pagfefg# Iacaysfal afrcflos# Asfala alm Qaltas as wocc, Zo stumfom 1>> rovfows
he WFA alm tbfrty oagb he tbo htbor afrcflos fl motafc, ]bo porfhm he stumy fs `otwool Aprfc th
Aujust 0>10, "Wdytrax# 0>10&
Hut he 1>> rovfows he WFA# tbfrtool passoljors whucm lht roghiiolm WFA th htbors, Hl
a sgaco he efvo "wftb efvo `oflj oxgoccolt& 16# 1:# 1?# 1? alm 0= passoljors ratom vacuo ehr
ihloy# soat ghiehrt# staee sorvfgo# gatorflj# alm oltortafliolt as `ochw ehur, Aetor stumyfljtbo ghiiolts ft fs ovfmolt tbat tbo iaxfiui ghipcaflts aro `ogauso passoljors aro lht
satfsefom wftb tbo fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt# soat ghiehrt alm quacfty he ehhm, "Wdytrax# 0>10&
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 70
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 7)ghipcaflt alacysfs
Hut he tbo 1>> rovfows stumfom# sfxty passoljors bam a thtac he lfloty ghipcaflts, Hut he tboso
16 ghipcaflts woro rocatom th fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt# ehurtool th soat ghiehrt alm 10 th
quacfty he ehhm, Ufsf`cy# tboso aro tbo tbroo iakhr aroas he ghlgorl ehr WFA erhi a passoljors
phflt he vfow, ]bo suiiary he tbo eflmfljs erhi htbor rovfows fs mopfgtom fl tbo ta`co `ochw,
]a`co 5) Laturo he ghipcaflts
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 77
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]bo a`hvo ta`co roftoratos tbo eagt tbat fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt# soat ghiehrt alm quacfty
he ehhm fs tbo aroa he ghlgorl ehr WFA, @osfmos# ft appoars as fe tboso paraiotors aro tbo aroa he
ghlgorl ehr ihst he tbo htbor afrcflos as wocc, Ft fs ovfmolt erhi tbo a`hvo ta`co tbo Oifratos
bas iflfiui ghipcaflts fl fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt# wbfgb ro)oipbasfzos tbat Oifratos fs tbo
awarm wfllor fl tbfs gatojhry fl tbo Wdytrax)whrcm afrcflos awarm, Qatar Afrways sooi th bavoiflfiui lui`or he ehhm alm gatorflj rocatom ghipcaflts, Ihst he tbo htbor paraiotors
sooiom sugb as staee sorvfgo# chyacty prhjrai# wo`sfto alm chyacty prhjrai mfm lht sooi th `o
al h`vfhus aroa he ghlgorl ehr tbo afrcflo passoljors, "Wdytrax# 0>10&
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 7=
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
^rfiary Posoargb
Efjuro = ) ^rfiary Posoargb
Posoargb Wtratojy;
@asom hl tbo cftoraturo rovfow wo ehulm hut tbo loom th mh alacysfs fl tbroo ways;)
Mfsgussfhl jufmo was sbarom wftb travoc ajolts alm eroquolt ecfors ehr quacftatfvoflehriatfhl, ]bo ehgus quostfhls ammom flth tbo quostfhllafro,
Eagthr alacysfsulmorstalm tbo jrhupflj he tbo paraiotors alm wbfgb sojiolts he tbomoihjrapby cay fl tbo zhlo,
Gcustor alacysfsth eflm hut ehr wbfgb sojiolts aro gortafl paraiotors fiphrtalt ^orgoptuac iappflj ) th ulmorstalm ghro aroas he ehgus ehr Wfljaphro Afrcflos
Cfiftatfhls;
]bo ghlstraflts alm cfiftatfhls oxporfolgom murflj tbo ghurso he stumy woro ;)
Cfiftom lui`or he quacfty rosphlmolts alm ehgus jrhup Aetor 1? rosphlmolts ghipcaflom tbat tbo quostfhllafro was thh chlj# tbo barm ghpy he
tbo survoy bam th `o mfsghltfluom, Mopolmolgy hl tbo barm ghpy flgroasom,
Uory eow passoljors at tbo afrphrt iamo al oeehrt th efcc tbo survoy, ]bo survoy was ghlmugtom at a tfioeraio he 1? mays, ]bo 71 travoc ajolts rosphlmolts mata mfm lht rovoac a trolm hr fleorolgo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 7?
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Moihjrapbfg alacysfs;)
Ajo
]bo iakhrfty he tbo rosphlmolts woro erhi
tbo ajo gatojhry `otwool 12yoars alm =?
yoars# wbh woro :6/ he tbo oltfro survoy,
Efjuro ? ) Ajo
Latfhlacfty
]bo iakhrfty he tbo rosphlmolts woro
ehrofjlors, Zo tarjotom a carjo lui`or he
ehrofjlors as wo waltom th ghccato
fleorolgo he tbo porgoptfhl he travoc
whrcmwfmo a`hut Wfljaphro Afrcflos, ]bo
Wfljaphroals travoccflj Wfljaphro Afrcflos
bavo a chyacty eagthr# wbfgb ghucm bavosdowom tbo mata, Bolgo tbo ammftfhl he a
carjo lui`or he ehrofjlors rucom hut aly
sdowom mata, Efjuro 5 ) Latfhlacfty
Jolmor
Zo ialajom th gapturo mata erhi a
lui`or he eoiacos, ]bo hlcy
roqufroiolt he bavflj eroquolt ecfors hl
tbo survoy baiporom tbo roashl ehr
jottflj ihro eoiacos hl tbo survoy,
Efjuro : ) Jolmor
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 75
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Eroquolgy he travoc
]bo survoy ialajom th gapturo
a carjo lui`or he rosphlmolts wbh
travoc 0 th = tfios a ihltb alm = th 2
tfios a ihltb, ]bo iakhrfty he tbo
rosphlmolts eocc flth tbo coss tbal 0
tfios a ihltb gatojhry, Zo ghlsfmorom
00 rosphlmolts wbh eacc ecy ihro tbal
= tfios a ihltb as eroquolt ecfors,
Efjuro 2 ) Eroquolgy he travoc
Hggupatfhl
]bo survoy was efccom `y tbo
iakhrfty he prheossfhlacs alm
`usflossporshl ( oltroprolours,
]bo == prheossfhlacs alm 7=
`usflossporshl ( oltroprolours
olghipassom ihst he tbo eroquolt
ecfors,
Efjuro 6 ) Hggupatfhl
^urphso he travoc
]bo iakhrfty he rosphlmolts f,o, =>
gapturom woro erhi tbo gatojhry he
`htb travoc alm cofsuro, ]bo
rosphlmolts wbh travoc shcocy ehr@usfloss hr Cofsuro ghiprfsom he a
carjo porgoltajo,
Efjuro 1> ) ^urphso he travoc
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 7:
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Eagthr Alacysfs;
]bo eagthr alacysfs was garrfom hl tbroo iakhr quostfhls wbfgb woro hl tbo cfdort sgaco,
]boso quostfhls ghlsfmorom doy paraiotors hl wbfgb tbo rosphlmolts ioasurom;)
]bo paraiotors he fiphrtalgo wbfco gbhhsflj a eucc sorvfgo afrcflo Patflj Wfljaphro Afrcflos fl ghiparfshl wftb htbor proeorrom afrcflos Patflj tbo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo he Wfljaphro Afrcflos fl ghiparfshl wftb tbo fl)ecfjbt he
htbor proeorrom afrcflos,
Zo tostom Bhw mh rato Wfljaphro Afrcflos fl ghiparfshl th htbor afrcflos hl tbo
`asfs he eagthr alacysfs alm ehulm a jrhupflj he gortafl eagthrs thjotbor,
]a`co : ) Ghiparfshl he WFA wftb htbor afrcflos
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 72
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]a`co 2 ) Ghiparfshl he Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo he WFA wftb htbor afrcflos
Erhi tbo alacysfs wo fleorrom tbat tbo
wbol passoljors ghiparo alm ovacuato
Wfljaphro Afrcflos wftb htbor afrcflos# tboy
ghlsfmor tbo chyacty prhjrai4 gacc goltor
oeefgfolgy# chuljo eagfcftfos# ajjajo balmcflj#
tfio ghlvolfolgo alm ghipcaflt romrossac,
]bfs fs a vory gusthior sorvfgo mrfvol gbhfgo,
]bo htbor gatojhry he pohpco ghlsfmors
pulgtuacfty# mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty alm fl)
ecfjbt sorvfgo as tbo grftorfa alm paraiotors th
ghiparo Wfljaphro Afrcflos wftb htbor
proeorrom hr echwl afrcflos he tbo whrcm,
Efjuro 11) Eagthr alacysfsFl)ecfjbt sorvfgo
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | 76
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Zo tostom tbo paraiotors tbat yhu ghlsfmor wbfco gbhhsflj al afrcflo hl tbo `asfs he
eagthr alacysfs alm ehulm a jrhupflj he gortafl eagthrs thjotbor,
]a`co 6 ) Fiphrtalt ^araiotors
Zo fleorrom tbat wbol a passoljor gbhhsos al afrcflo
muo th soat ghiehrt# bo(sbo ovol ghlsfmors fl)ecfjbt
sorvfgo# pulgtuacfty# gacc goltor oeefgfolgy, ]bo
passoljors ghlsfmor chyacty prhjrai wftb chuljoeagfcftfos, assoljors wbh ghlsfmor earo as al fiphrtalt
paraiotor acsh ghlsfmor tbo ajjajo acchwalgo heeorom
`y tbo ecfjbt,
]bo eagthr alacysfs was garrfom hut hl tbo chyacty
prhjrai, ]bo alacysfs fleorrom tbat tbo chyacty prhjrai
ioi`ors bavo mfeeorolt roqufroiolt s erhi tbhso wbh
aro lht chyacty ioi`ors, ]bo chyacty prhjrai ioi`ors
ghlsfmor tbo ghllogtfvfty he ecfjbt alm pulgtuacfty wftb
soat ghiehrt, ]boy ghlsfmor chuljo eagfcftfos achlj wftb
tbo chyacty prhjrai, Zbol tboy ghlsfmor tbo prfgo he tbo
tfgdot# chyacty prhjrai ioi`ors ovol ghlsfmor tbo
`ajjajo acchwalgo th iado mogfsfhls,
Efjuro 10 ) Eagthr alacysfs ) paraiotors th gbhhso al afrcflo
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =>
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 17 ) PojrossfhlChyacty ^rhjrai
As ehr tbo lhl)ioi`ors# wbol iadflj a gbhfgo he afrcflos fl tbo eucc sorvfgo hptfhls#
tboy ghlsfmor soat ghiehrt# fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo# pulgtuacfty# alm gacc goltor oeefgfolgy alm
mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty as hlo ghiphlolt, A gortafl sot he lhl)ioi`or rosphlmolts ghlsfmor
tfiflj he ecfjbts wbol tboy ghlsfmor tbo earo, Cfdo chyacty prhjrai ioi`ors# tbo lhl)ioi`ors
ghlsfmor tbo chuljo eagfcftfos wbol tboy ghlsfmor usflj a chyacty prhjrai,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =1
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 1= ) Pojrossfhl ) Chyacty ^rhjrai WFA
Zbol tbo eagthr alacysfs hl tbo chyacty ioi`ors he Wfljaphro Afrcflos was garrfom hut#
fleorolgo rhujbt th cfjbt mfeeorolt sots he paraiotors, ]boy ghlsfmorom ajjajo acchwalgo# gacc
goltor oeefgfolgy alm fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo as hlo ghiphlolt, Alhtbor jrhupflj was iamo fl tbo
ghllogtfvfty he ecfjbts# pulgtuacfty alm chuljo eagfcftfos, ]bfs gcoarcy mfeeoroltfatos tbo
rosphlmolts woro passoljors erhi chlj bauc ecfjbts, Al fltorostflj eagt was a`hut tbo jrhupflj
he tbo earo wftb soat ghiehrt, ]boro fs al flvorso ghrrocatfhl fl tbo earo alm soat ghiehrt, ]bo
passoljors wbh aro prfgo ghlsgfhus wfcc lht bavo a proeorolgo fl tbo soat ghiehrt, ]bhso wbh
aro wfccflj th pay a proifui oxpogt bfjb stalmarms fl soat ghiehrt,
A rojrossfhl alacysfs was garrfom hut hl tbo cfdort sgacos wbfgb ghiparom tbo fl)ecfjbtsorvfgo he Wfljaphro Afrcflos alm wftb htbor afrcflos, ]bfs was ioasurom wftb tbo mopolmolt
varfa`co; whucm yhu roghiiolm Wfljaphro Afrcflos th htbors,
Efjuro 1? ) Poghiiolmatfhl ) Cfdort sgaco
]bo rosuct sbhwom tbat Woat ghiehrt wftb a Wfj, vacuo he >,>>1 was tbo ihst fiphrtalt grftorfa
ehr tbo passoljors ehcchwom `y ehhm % `ovorajo alm afrphrt assfstalgo, ]bo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo was
lht grftorfa muo th a phhr sghro, ]bo passoljors wfcc lht roghiiolm tbfs paraiotor, ]bfs
gortaflcy sbhws tbat fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt fs hlo he tbo aroas wboro tboy ghlsuiors aro lht
bappy a`hut, ]bo htbor phssf`fcfty fs tbat tbo ghipotfthrs cfdo oifratos alm Qatar Afrways bavo
`ottor fl)ecfjbt oltortafliolt hptfhls avafca`co,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =0
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 15 ) Pojrossfhl ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo
]bo a`hvo oquatfhl was ehriom tadflj flth ghlsfmoratfhl acc tbo paraiotors alm put
thjotbor th iado al fleorolgo wbfco roghiiolmatfhl wbol roghiiolmflj Wfljaphro Afrcflos,
Woat ghiehrt alm afrphrt assfstalgo sghrom tbo `ost Wfj, vacuo alm tboso varfa`cos aro tbhso
roqufro attoltfhl as tbo passoljors wfcc roghiiolm Wfljaphro Afrcflos mopolmflj hl tbo
porehrialgo he tboso varfa`cos,
Efjuro 1: ) Pojrossfhl ) Jrhup ) Fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =7
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]h prhvo tbo autboltfgfty alm agguragy he tbo mata# a mata romugtfhl was mhlo hl tbo
fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo paraiotors# soat ghiehrt# ghurtohusloss alm rosphlsfvoloss he staee# fl)ecfjbt
oltortafliolt# quacfty alm hptfhls he ehhm alm `ovorajo hptfhls alm afrphrt assfstalgo, Acc tbo
paraiotors woro ghlsfmorom as hlo ghiphlolt he fl ecfjbt sorvfgo alm a rojrossfhl was rul th
gbogd mopolmolgy he tbo whucm yhu roghiiolm Wfljaphro Afrcflos th htbors hptfhl wftb tbofl)ecfjbt sorvfgo, ]bo rosuct rovoacom tbat tbo passoljors wfcc roghiiolm Wfljaphro Afrcflos th
htbors hlcy wbol tboy aro bappy wftb tbo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo he Wfljaphro Afrcflos,
Wfljaphro Afrcflos bas hlo iakhr aroa th ehgus hl, ]boy loom th ehgus hl tbo
paraiotors he fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo th bhcm hee ghipotftfhl erhi tadflj away tbofr sbaro he tbo
iardot, ^assoljors aro lhw ovacuatflj Wfljaphro Afrcflos fl toris he tbo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo
porehrialgo wftb htbor eucc sorvfgo garrfors,
^orgoptuac Iappflj;
^orgoptuac iappflj was garrfom ehr acc tbo paraiotors avafca`co wftb tbo sojiolts wftbamoquato lh, he rosphlmolts vhtflj ehr tbo paraiotor,
]bo porgoptuac iappflj was garrfom hut hl tbo latfhlacfty `asfs, ]bo rosucts sbhwom
tbat ehr Wfljaphroals earo# tfiflj he ecfjbts# @ajjajo acchwalgo alm pulgtuacfty was vory
fiphrtalt, ]boy woro flmfeeorolt a`hut tbo chuljo eagfcftfos alm gusthior garo oeefgfolgy,
Efjuro 12 ) ^orgoptuac iappfljLatfhlacfty
]bo ehrofjlors ghlsfmorom earo# @ajjajo acchwalgo# mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty alm tfiflj he
ecfjbts as tbo ihst fiphrtalt eagthrs hl wbfgb tboy mogfmo hl tbo afrcflos, Cfdo tbo
Wfljaphroals# tbo ehrofjlors acsh mfm lht ghlsfmor chuljo eagfcftfos alm gusthior garo oeefgfolgy
as al fiphrtalt grftorfa wfcc gbhhsflj al afrcflo,
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | ==
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Efjuro 16 ) ^rfgo Ghiparfshl
]bo porgoptuac iappflj sbhwom tbo fiphrtalgo he prfgflj wbol Wfljaphroals alm
ehrofjlors gbhhso al afrcflo, A prfgflj ghiparfshl he shio he tbo iakhr mostflatfhls agrhss tbo
jch`o `rhujbt flth tbo porspogtfvo tbo prfgflj phcfgy he Wfljaphro Afrcflos, ]bo rosuct sbhwom
tbat Wfljaphro Afrcflos bas hlo he tbo bfjbost earos fl tbo flmustry, ]bfs fs al fiphrtalt eagthrth ghlsfmor,
Efjuro 0> ) Poashls ehr gbhhsflj htbor afrcflos a`hvo Wfljaphro Afrcflos
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =?
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
Fl tbo survoy tbat was garrfom hut# earo was vhtom as tbo soghlm ihst fiphrtalt grftorfa
`ogauso he wbfgb acsh al fiphrtalt grftorfhl ehr Wfljaphroals alm ehrofjlors, Wfljaphro
Afrcflos prfgflj loom th `o ghlsfmorato th tbo gurrolt trolms, ]h gbarjo a proifui# Wfljaphro
Afrcflos iust ghltfluo th heeor `ost phssf`co gusthior sorvfgo,
Fl tbo rosucts he tbo porgoptuac
iappflj ft was statom tbat tbo
passoljors wbh bavo echwl Wfljaphro
Afrcflos woro ulbappy wftb tbo fl)
ecfjbt sorvfgo stalmarms alm
mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty fl ghiparfshl
th tbo htbor proeorrom afrcflos, ]bo
passoljors aro lht bappy wftb tbo
earo# `ut mhlt ghipcafl a`hut ft, ]boy
mhlt iflm payflj ehr tbo sorvfgo as
chlj as Wfljaphro Afrcflos doops
prhvfmflj tboi wftb tbo `ost phssf`co sorvfgo,Efjuro 01 ) ^orgoptuac iappflj ) Pato WFA ) WFA Ecfors
Fl ghiparfshl th htbor afrcflos# tbo Wfljaphro Afrcflo ecfors woro vory bappy wftb tbo
chyacty prhjrai# chuljo eagfcftfos# ghipcaflt romrossac alm tfiflj he tbo ecfjbts, Whio
passoljors woro lht bappy wftb tbo mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty as tboy aro bhhdom th Wfljaphro
Afrcflos alm whucm proeor th travoc hlcy vfa tbfs afrcflo,
Efjuro 00 ) ^orgoptuac Iappflj ) Ajo ) Pato WFA
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W f l j a p h r o A f r c f l o s ) ] b o w a y a b o a m ^ a j o | =5
W^ Kafl Wgbhhc he Jch`ac Ialajoiolt
]bo porgoptuac iappflj he moihjrapby agghrmflj th ajo acsh ghlsfmorom tbat
Wfljaphro Afrcflos cajjom `obflm fts ghipotftfhl fl fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo, ]boro woro acsh htbor
ghiphlolts as mostflatfhl ghllogtfvfty alm pulgtuacfty wboro Wfljaphro Afrcflos cajjom
`obflm ehr shio rosphlmolts, Earo was acsh a eagthr tbat bam eaccol hut he eavhr fl shio he tbo
rosphlmolts porspogtfvo, ]boro soois th `o a gcoar ghrrocatfhl he pohpco ulbappy wftb tbo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo `ogauso he wbfgb tboy aro lht bappy wftb tbo earos gbarjom `y Wfljaphro Afrcflos,
Efjuro 07 ) ^orgoptuac Iappflj ) Hggupatfhl ) Pato WFA
]bo trolm he rosphlmolts ulbappy wftb tbo fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo fs acsh sool wbol gbogdom
agghrmflj th hggupatfhl, ]bo prheossfhlac alm `usflossporshls(oltroprolours acsh ghlsfmorom
fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo he Wfljaphro Afrcflos chsflj jrhulm th tbo htbor proeorrom afrcflos, Earo fs acsh
a eagthr tbat fs ghlstaltcy sool as a prh`coi aroa, Wfljaphro Afrcflos fs lht a`co th kustfey tbo
proifui earo ratos wftb fl)ecfjbt sorvfgo hptfhls tbat fs cajjflj `obflm fts ghipotftfhl,
Pocatfvo sghrflj;
Pocatfvo sghrflj fs a iotbhm th ghiparo WFA wftb tbo htbor afrcflos ghlsfmorom ajaflst
paraiotors, ]bo shurgo he tbo mata fs tbo rosphlmolts wbh bavo alsworom twh rocatom
quostfhls,
Gacgucatfhl;
]bo sghros aro gacgucatom `asom hl tbo ehcchwflj ta`co, Ehr oj, fe a passoljor bas
socogtom Iacaysfal afrcflo as tbo proeorrom afrcfl