Sinav Oncesi Notlar PDF
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If clause ve zaman zarflarnn (when, after, as soon as, once) bal bulundugu cumlede will/would/goingto/shall yaplar gelmez.
Svo when SVO
1960, when.
zne/nesne..N:C I dont know when she will come
Zaman zarf , .have/has V3 %80
If clauseun ana cmlesinde aadaki yaplar gelmezHave / has V3 have /has been VingV2 was /were / was-were VingHad V3 / had been Ving
Zaman zarflar(when, after, as soon as, once) %100 uyum ister ana cmlede ve yan cmlede V2 / had V3iaretleyince hangi olayn daha nce olduguna mutlaka baknz.
HardlyBarelyScarcelyAlmost never Hemen hemen hi, nadirenRarelySeldom
SometimesAt timesOccasionally Bazen
Now and thenNow and again
NowAt the momentCurrentlyFor the time being simdi, u anda : am is are VingAt presentPresently
At that momentAt that time
Once: bir zamanlar V2
The day
NowadaysThesedays
bugnlerde : am is are Ving
gradually
more and more
day by day aama aama : : Ving (present: am-is-are Ving)step by step
(past: was-were Ving)
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pointed time in the past : V2
Yesterday,Two days/weeks/months ago,Last night/week/month/year.,In 1960, in the 1960s, during the 1960s,
Between 1960 and 1990,From 1990 to 2000,During WW II, etc.At the time, At that time, once (bir zamanlar), at that moment
V2 kullanlmasna ramen present/future anlam veren yaplar
It is time + subject + V2 : -nn vakti geldiI wish + subject + V2 :present / future wishAs if / as though + subj + V2 : unreality , -m gibi, sankiIf clause type II :present unreal (IfV2..)Would you mind + if + subj + V2 :polite request
Would rather + subj + V2 : tercih ederim
Was-were Ving / V2 dizilimi seeneklerde varsa muhtemelen doru yant olabiliyorBu dizilim zaman ifadesi verilmeden de sorulabiliyorbir olay devam ederken dier
bir olayn devam eden olay kesmesi, araya girmesi durumunda kullanlr.
When / while / as : yaplar zaman zarf olarak -iken anlamnda kullanldnda devamlarnda genelliklehave / has V3 yaps kullanlmaz.Byle bir dizilim grdnzde while yapswhereas gibi kullanlanve ztlk anlam veren yapdr. As yaps ise d iin anlamnda kullanlan ve neden-sonu ilikisi verenyapdr.
While/Ashave/has V3
have / has V3..isteyen yaplarCmlede herhangi bir zaman ifadesi yoksa, eylemin sadece yapldndan bahsediliyorsa:Up to nowUp till nowSo farTo dateLatelyRecently (until recently : V2)All my life (all his life (lmse : V2)For 10 yearsSince 1990For 10 days now
*herfor lu yapda have has V3 e gitmeyineernow noktas ile iliki varsa kullanlr. Farkl zamanifadelerine dikkat ediniz:
For 2 weeks last summer : V2For 10 years before I came here : had V3 / had been Ving.
Since + V2 .. , have/has V3 - have/has been Vinghave/has V3 - have/has been Ving . since ..+ V2
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Inwithin last
During the week/month/year/decade/century1Over pastFor
In last During the few/two weeks/months/years/decades/centuries
Over pastFor
last ve past kelimelerinin nnde the varsa ve oncesndek prep lere de dikkat ediniz : have /has V3 have/has been Ving
sadece the last weekend: V2
Sra say sfatlar (first, second, etc.) ile, only sfat ile veya superlative ile nitelenen bir ismindevamnda Present Perfect kullanlr
This is the first time I have been abroad
By the time Vo/V1 , ..will have V3.. (will)By the time ..V2.., had V3 (V2).
By 1960, . Had V3 (V2).By 2060will have v3 (will)
Until : sreklilikBy : herhangi bir arada
HAD V3 YAPISININ BIRLIKTE KULLANILDIGI OZEL YAPILAR
I wish / if only + Subject + had V3 PAST WISHAs if/As though + Subject + had V3. UNREALITY IN THE PAST-MI GBWould rather + Subject + had V3 TERCH EDERDMIf Clause Type 3 UNREALITY IN THE PASTIf clause mixed type.
I hopeI expectI think
I am sure..will/wouldI am confidentI am certain
ForeseeForecast.will/wouldPredictEstimate
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WhenOnceAs soon aspresent., .will.If (type I)Unless (type I)
When I graduate, I will start a job
Unless. , cannot/wont
Asagdak yaplara cloze test cnde dkkat ediniz1940 ylnda savas baslad. Next year . gibi bir cmledeyine V2 kullanmak lazmdryani past olan bir paragrafta future zaman ifadeleri yanltc olmasn!!!
Tomorrow, tomorrow morning, etc.Two weeks later; in 2050, shortly, briefly, soon, next year, before long,in/within two weeks, etc.
Be about to V0;Be on the verge of
Be on the edge of -e zere olmak, -nn eiinde olmak,Be on the point ofBe on the brink of
at this time tomorrow..will be Ving:-yor olacakthis time next year
at this time yesterdaywas/were Vingthis time last year
by next friday.will have V3: *m olacakby 2030will have V3
by the time .Vo/V1. , will have V3in 10 years time .will have V3
will have V3 yerine will ile baka yap da olabilir.
Present yaplar past yaplar
Am-is-are was-wereAm-is-are Ving was-were VingVo/V1 V2Have/has V3 had V3Have/has been Ving had been VingFuture time yaplar
Bir cmlede zaman zarf varsa, zaman zarflar %100 uyum ister kural dorultusunda present yaplar kendiierisinde ve past yaplar kendi ierisinde deerlendirilmelidir. Bu iki gruptan have/has V3 ve V2 yaplarnyanyana getiren yapsince yapsdr.
Genellikle iaretlemekten kanmanz gereken dizilimler:
Had V3 / have/has V3Had V3 / am-is areHad V3 / will VoWas/were Ving / have/has V3Am-is-are / wouldWould /would
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Cmle tamamlama sorularnda da bu yaplar ana cmlede ve yan cmlede kullanmamaya .aln ayrca cmletamamlamada had v3/had v3 diziliminden de kanabilirsiniz.
modals
Can: am-is-are able toCould : was-were able to
Could yaps sadece ability anlamnda past anlam verir.
Was-were able to : managed to Vo : ura sonucu elde edilen baar
Olaslk anlam veren yaplar
May-might-could-Could-canmay well-might well-could well-
be likely to- be unlikely to- be bound to- probably
may as wellmight as well.bari unu yapalm (olaslkla alakas yok)could as well
zorunluluk anlam veren yaplar
musthave to/has tohave got to/has got to
zorunda deilsin, gerek yokanlam veren yaplar:
dont have todoesnt have toneedntdont need to
had to : zorunda kaldmdidnt have to Vo:yapmama gerek kalmad, yapmak zorunda kalmadmdidnt need to Vo:
tavsiye
shouldought to
had bettermust
should have v3 meliydin, malydn ama yapmadnought to have v3
am/is/are used to Ving : alkn olmakget used to Ving : almak
used to Vo past habit, action, statewould Vo
used to anlam mevcutsa ancak seceneklerde yoksa would kullanlabilir. Eger ikisi de varsa tercihimizused to olmal.
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would yapsused to yerine past olarak kullanlabilirwould yapsnoun clause iinde ana fiil past ise past anlam verir.
I will go.he said that he would go
Bu iki kullanm dnda grdmz would yaplarpresent-future olarak deerlendirilmeli.
Would rather VoWould sooner VoWould just as soon Vo tercih ederimWould preferTo Vo
Would rather Vo : would rather + subj + V2 : tercih ederimWould rather have V3 : would rather + subj + had V3 : tercih ederdimWould rather + be Ving : -yor olmay tercih ederim : konusma an
Be + Ving : konuma an olarak dusunulebilir.
Be supposed to Vo : -mesi / mas lazmBe about to : -mek zereBe likely to : muhtemelenBe to : beklenti, grevlendirme
devamnda Vo alp past anlam veren modallar
Could VoWas / were able to VoHad to VoWas were supposed to VoUsed to Vo
Would Vo
Bunun dsndakler : modal + have + V3
Should have V3 : -meliydiOught to have V3 : -meliydi
May have V3 : -m olabilirMight have V3 : -m olabilirCould have V3 : -m olabilir
Could have V3 : -ebilirdinCouldnt have V3 : -mezdim
Must have V3 : -m olmalCant have V3 : -m olamazCouldnt have V3 : -m olamaz
MUST TABLOSU + - PAST + PAST -
1. ZORUNLULUK MUST DONT HAVE TO HAD TO DIDNT HAVE TODONT NEED TO DIDNT NEED TO
2. TAVSYE MUST MUSTNT SHOULD / OUGHT TO HAVE V3SHOULDNT HAVE V3
3. IKARIM MUST CANT MUST HAVE V3 CANT HAVE V3
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COULDN T HAVE V3
SORU KOKUNDE EYLEMIN GERCEKLESMEDIGINI ANLARSANIZ
SHOULD HAVE V3 : melyd / malyd ama yapmadOUGHT TO HAVE V3 : melyd / malyd ama yapmadCOULD HAVE V3 : -ebilirdim ama olmadWAS/WERE SUPPOSED TO Vo : -mesi/mas lazmd ama olmadWAS/WERE GOING TO Vo :-ecektim /acaktm ama yapamadmWOULD HAVE V3 : -erdim/ardm (genelde if type III)
*herhangi bir soruda seeneklerde aktif/pasifdizilimler varsa ncelii aktif/pasif elemesine vermekde faydavardr
be V3being V3 bu dizilimler pasiftir
been V3
need + Ving devamnda Ving alarak pasif anlam verir.Need to be V3
*ngilizcede d kaynakl olaylar pasiftir.*Genellikle duygular ve hisler pasiftir*Boluun devamnda prep varsa ve bu prep secenekteki fiile ait olan prep deilse genellikle doru yantpasif olabilir
boluun ncesindeki dizilim pasif ise (is said ____) devamndaki yapTo Vo / to have V3e zamanl bir olaysa To Vo, farkl zamanl bir olaysa to have V3 kullanlr.
Bu kural bozan 3 yap bunlar dndaki pasif yaplarTo ile devam ederler
Is seenIs caught + VingIs found
Have sth V3Get sth V3
Have smb VoGet smb To Vo
Make smb VoHave smb VoLet smb VoHelp smb VoSee/hear smb Vo-Ving
X + smb + To Vo: %90Persuaded her ____
Prep + Ving.being V3
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Be used to : -e alkn olmakGet used to : -e almakBe accustomed to : -e alkn olmakGet accustomed to : -e almakLook forward to : -i drt gzle beklemekFeel like : -i istemek
Be opposed to : -e kar olmakObject to : -e kar olmak, -e itiraz etmekCant help : -den kendini alamamakCant bear : -e dayanamamak, tahamml edememekCant stand : -e dayanamamak, tahamml edememekIts worth : -e deerIts no use : -nn faydas/yarar yokIts no good : -nn faydas/yarar yokThere is no point in : -nn anlam yokIn the habit of : -e alkn
my, your, his, her, its, our, their,Jacks + Ving
Ving (aktif) : being V3(pasif)
Adjective + To VoAdjective + for smb/sth + To VoToo adj/adv.to..adj / adv + enough TO Vohow/what/whenTo Vo
The first/second The only + to V0: The best/most
Purpose : to Vo / so as to Vo / in order to Vo- with a view to + Ving
to Vo (aktif) : to be V3 (pasif)
------er .than comp.more.than comp.
asadj/adv..as : kadarsoadj/adv..as : kadar ( negatif cmlelerde tercih edelim)such adj+noun.as : kadarthe same ..noun..as : ayn
Cmlede anlamca kyaslama varsa yukardaki yaplardan birisi dorudur.
the + comp.. , the + comp.. : ne kadar..o kadar
the former : 1.si..the latter..2.si
.the .est superlativethe most superlative
much-far-a lot-rather : comparative yaplarna vurguof all by far :superlative yaplarna vurgu
tooadj/adv..to Vo
adj / adv . Enough + To Vo
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*yaplar iine many, much, few gibi miktar yaplar gelirse bunlardan sonra + noun kullanlmal . ( asmany + noun + as)
as muchnoun.astoo many nounto
so ..adj/adv.that + SVO o kadar..kisuch .adj + nounthat + SVO
Seenekte so/that ya da such /that varsa soru kknde ikinci boluktan sonrasnn tam cmle olup olmadnamutlaka baknz, eer tam cmle ise that li yaplar dorudur, eer tam cmle deilse bu yaplar eleyebilirsiniz.Eer tam cmle varsa ve ikisi arasnda kalrsanz that yapsnn hemen ncesinde isim varsa suchyoksaso yaps dorudur.
such + noun : bu tr, byle : ikame szcsuch + adj + noun + as : kadarsuch + adj + noun + that + SVO : o kadar ki..such as .+ n : gibi, rnekleme (like)Such + noun + as : gibi, rnekleme
Such as : cmle basnda yok!!!
Like + noun : gibi (rnekleme, benzetme)As + noun : olarak
As + SVO : (d iin) neden-sonu anlam verir: ( -iken) zaman zarf olarak
As you see in the picture,
As : -d gibi / dike, dka
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
___________Y.FL/FLWHO/WHICH
__________ZNEWHOM/WHICH
______ + NOUNWHOSE
YER .
_________IT: WHICH
_________ITS: WHOSE_________...THERE: WHERE : PREP+ WHICH
ZAMAN
_____SVOWHEN : PREP + WHICH
____SVWHICH
PREP + WHOM/WHOSE + N / WHICH
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.
whose yapsndan sonra a-an-the-many-most gibi yaplar gelmez, sadece isim ya da sfat + isimkullanlabilir.
WHOSE + NOUN ADJ+NOUN
Preposition dan sonra whom, which, whose gelebilir.
Adj.clause sorularnda bolupun devamnda bota kalan hibir eyi nitelemeyen preposition olup olmadgnadkkat ednz
Adj clasue ksaltmaNOUN ______Ving /V3Superlative .to Vo / to be V3
Boluktan nce tanmlanmas gereken isim varsa which/that/who gibi yaplarla, ancak seeneklerde fiilekimleri mevcutsa bu soru adj.clause ksaltma sorusu olabilir ve Ving ile V3 yaplarna ynelin, anlamaktifse Ving, pasifse V3
Superlativebir dizilim varsa ise to Vo ya da pasifanlam varsa to be V3 yapsna gidiniz.
Noun clause
Bir dizilimde nesne eksiklii tespit ettiyseniz bu yapnoun clause oluturur ve
That/ the fact that..whether/ifwh-/how yaplarna gidiniz.
Boluktan sonra that SVO varsa, seceneklerde nesnesi eksik yaplar aranmaldr.
S + V + that SVO
S + y.fiil + that SVOIt + pasif + that SVOsfat + that SVOsoyut isim + that SVO
opinion- idea-fact-observation-fear.
SVO yaplar elenirIt hari pasif ler elenir.Tense uyumuna baklr.
He says that present/ futureHe said that.past
Istisnalar
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1. It ile balayanlar tense uyumu istemez2. He explained that .fact anlam veren cmle olursa present3. he claims that olayn gercek zamann verirse past4. he says that if.., .. (if clause kurallar geerli)
ngilizcede 2 tane if var, 2 tane whether var.. eer bu dizilimler cmlede zne ya da nesneyi oluturuyorsanoun clause olurlar. if yaps whether yerine sadece fiilden sonra ve devamnda or not almadankullanlr. Noun clause dizilimlerinde or/or not paranteze alnabilir. Cmle banda, preposition dan sonra veor not dan nce if kullanlmaz.Cmle banda if varsa bu yap if clause olur.
I dont know whether she will come (or not)
I will love him forever whether he loves me or not.
SUBJUNCTIVE in NOUN CLAUSES:
Eer ana cmlede gereklilik, zorunluluk veya neri bildiren bir sfat, fiil ya da isim kullanlmsa ThatSentence yapsnda zne ne olursa olsun fiil yaln haliyle hibireye gre ekimlenmeden (V0) gelir. Aslnda butr cmlelerde birshould yaps gizlidir ve bu should yaps kullanlmad iin etken (active) cmlelerdeV0, edilgen (passive) cmlelerde ise be V3 yaplar kullanlr.
e.g. I recommend that you (should) take this pill twice a day. (active)(Bu ilac gnde iki kez alman tavsiye ederim.)
It is essential that the contract (should) be signed before Monday. (passive)(Kontratn Pazartesinden nce imzalanmas gereklidir.)
It is the doctors advice that he (should) rest for a week. (active)(Onun bir hafta dinlenmesi doktorun tavsiyesidir.)
Subjunctive yap ile devam eden ve yaygn kullanlan kelimeler:
Verbs:
Advise Ask Demand Insist Order UrgePrefer Propose Require Recommend Suggest
Adjectives:
Advisable Crucial Essential Imperative ImportantMandatory Obligatory Necessary Recommendable SignificantUrgent Vital
Nouns:
Advice Demand Insistence Order Proposal RecommendationSuggestion
........................pozitif anlam +. . ...............pozitif.....+. , too/as well
........................negatif anlam -. . ...............negatif anlam.....-. , either
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..either ..or : ya .ya da .
I liked either : her ikisi de
+so
... --neither/nor + bir nceki cmlenin yardmc fiili + zne
..neithernor : ne.ne de
neither of the students: 2 renciden hibirisi
.. , nor + inversioninversion :
deil mi sorularnda I znesi ile baladnda dikkat
She thinks that his father will forgive her, doesnt she?
They know what she can do with that bomb, dont they?
I think that she is the murderer, isnt she?
Idont think that she can get the visa, can she?
She will not use this dicitonary after she buys another, will she?
IF CLAUSE yaplarn ve kullanmlarn inceledikten sonra aadaki tabloda If Clause ve ResultClause iinde kullanlabilen yaplarn genel bir zetini bulabilirsiniz:
TYPE I
If + V1 , will / shallAm/Is/Are Ving May, Might, CouldHave/Has V3 CanAm/is/are to V0 Must, have to etc.Can Imperatives (emir cmleleri)Must, have toShould, ought to etc.
TYPE II
If + V2 , would V0 / would be VingWas/Were Ving Might V0 / might be Ving,
Was/were to V0 Could V0 / could be VingCould (Past ability)
Had toShould
TYPE III
If + had V3 , would have V3Had been Ving Might have V3,
Could have V3 Could have V3
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MIXED TYPE
If + had V3 , would V0 / would be Ving (now, today, etc.)Had been Ving Might V0 / might be Ving,
Could have V3 Could V0 / could be Ving
Aadaki tabloda ise Type ne olursa olsun If Clause ve Result Clause iinde kullanlamayacakyaplar grebiliriz:
If + will , have/has V3shall V2 (KPDS, DS v.b.snavlarda test edilmiyor.)
may, might, could (possibility) was / werewould had V3,
Inversion :Type I : shouldType II : wereType III : had
Provided (that), Providing (that): kouluyla/artyla
As long as, So long as: -d srece / artylaOnly if: ancak -sa ana cmlede inversion ister!!!Even if: -se bile; -e ramenUnless: -mezse; -medike ana cmlesi genelde olumsuzdurSuppose that, Supposing that: varsayalm ki/diyelim ki genelde type II ileWhat if ?: Ya -sa/-saydOn condition that: artyla/kouluyla(Just) In case: -e ihtimaline karlk, nolur nolmaz diyeIf it werent for: masaIf it hadnt been for: masaydBut for: olmasa; olmasaydWhether or / or not : olsa daolmasa da ( cmlede zne ya da nesne oluturursa Noun clause olarakyorumlanacak ve p, -pmad eklinde evrilecektir ve or/or not yaplar paranteze alnabilir, eer zne
ya da nesneyi oluturmazsa isterister. eklinde evrilmelidir ve or/or not yaplar parantezealnamaz.
IMPLIED CONDITIONALS:
But: ama
Otherwise / or else: yoksa; aksi takdirdeWithout: -sz; -medenThen: o zaman
Bu yapalar da gizli if clause gibi dnlebilir ve baz type lar ima ederler
Otherwise, or, or else yapsnda sonra genellikle will, would, would have V3 gelirOtherwise, or, or else yapsnda sonra if clause un ana cmlesine gelmeyen yaplar have/has V3, V2, had V3
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yaplar ve Ving eklinde almlar (have been Ving) gelmez.
Wish clauseda present/future yaplar kullanlmazAyn zne iin would kullanlmaz I wish I would yanltr
Present/future wish : V2, could/ would
Past wish : had V3/ could have V3/would have V3
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
For : nkAnd : veNor : ..ne de....inversion ister.Then : sonra, daha sonraBut : ama, fakatOr : veya; yoksa or else, otherwiseYet : ama, yine deSo : bundan dolay, dolaysyla, bu yzden
Paralel yaplar
a) Not onlybut (also): Sadecedeil, ayn zamanda
Not only. , but (also).Simply.., but .as well / tooMerelyJustSolely
Bu yap cmle banda devrik kullanlabilir.
b) Bothand: hem hem
c) Eitheror: ya yad) Neithernor: ne ne
Seeneklerde bu paralel yaplar grnce soru kknde boluklarn devamna baknz, eer paralelse yaplardoru yant bu 4 yapdan biridireer paralel ise bu yaplardan biri mutlaka dorudur.
Bir de her zaman paralel kullanlmayan .notbutyaps mevcuttur. Bu yapy notonly..but also ile kartrmayn.not..but yapsnda sadece but n devamndaki eylem gerekleir.
She went abroad NOT to have a vacation BUT to improve her language
CONTRAST : ZITLIK
Although / Though / Even Though / Much as / -e ramenEven if/ While / Despite the fact that / In spite of the fact that + SVO sa da / sa bile
X , . though yaps ekstra olarak noktalama iaretleri ile kullanlabilir.. X . SVO. . SVO. , though.
Although grubu genellikle cmle ba ve ortasnda kullanlr.
Despite / In spite of + NP : sa da / sa bile , -e ramen
X , .
. X .
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Devamnda the fact that alrsa SVO
However + Adverb / Adjective:.. ne kadar .sa.sn.
However yaps kendisinden sonra birsfat ya da zarfalarak cmleye devam edip devamnda bir ana cmlegetirildiinde -e ramen, -d halde, -e karn, se de anlamna gelir
No matter how + Adverb / Adjective: .. ne kadar .sa.sn.
Bu yap yukardaki however + adjective/adverb yaps ile ayn anlam ve ayn kullanma sahiptir. Bu yapoluturulurken yukardakinden farkl olarak yaplan tek ey however yerine no matter how yapsnnkullanlmasdr.
No matter + How / wh-
Direct Contrast
Whereas / While: + SVO X , .. , X .
zne ztl.
Reason : neden-sonu
As / Because / Since / Seeing as / Seeing that / Inasmuch as: + SVO -den dolay, -d iin, nk
X , .. X .
Now (that): -diine gre; madem ki :bu yap devamda past yap almaz, genellikle de have/has V3 ile kullanlr.
Because of / Due to / Owing to / On account of / Thanks to / In view of + NP :yznden, -den dolay, sayesinde
X , .. X .
Devamnda the fact that alrlarsa SVO
In that + SVO -mesi-mas bakmndan / asndanGenellikle similar in that, differ in that, alike in that, unusual in that.eklinde kullanlr In terms of + NP -mesi-mas bakmndan / asndan
PURPOSE : AMA
SO THAT -sn diye, -mek/mak iin IN ORDER THAT LEST + SVO (ama bildiren yaplardan sonra gelen cmlede genellikle modal vardr. FOR FEAR THAT -mesin diye, korkusuyla
X , .. X .
IN ORDER TOSO AS TO + Vo -mek/mak iin
TO
WITH A VIEW TO +Ving -mek/mak iin
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Cmle ortasnda virgl varsa anlam deiir!!!
so that.. : ama bildirir.. , so (that ) . : neden-sonu bildirir (that) paranteze al nabilir : bu yzden.
so that + SVO o kadar ki..
ZAMAN ZARFLARI : % 100 UYUM STER
After : sonra Before : -meden nce As soon as: -r mez When: -diinde, -dii zaman While: -ken (tam ztlkta da kullanlr (whereas)gibi) Once: bir se; -r -mez The moment (that) : (=As soon as) -r -mez Until/Till: -e kadar, -e dein sreklilik arz eder By the time: -e kadar sreklilik yoktur .x.x..x. (Just) As: -ken; -dike; -diinde (-d gibi anlam da vardr) (The) Last Time: son -dnda (The) Next Time: gelecek sefer -dnda No soonerthan: er mez; mtki di; mesiyle mesi bir oldu Hardly/Barely/Scarcelywhen/before: er mez; mtki di; mesiyle mesi bir oldu Whenever / Every time: her diinde, ne zaman -se Prior to + NP: -meden nce Afterwards : daha sonra
From .onward.-den itibaren
No sooner. thanHardly...when bu yaplar cmle banda inversion ister.Scarcely...when evirileri as soon as gibi yaplabilir.Barely ...when
DURUM ZARFLARI
(Just) As : -d gibi
The results of the election were just as he had predicted.(Just) As children are fond of playing games, sodoadults love watching TV.
As if / As though: gibi; sanki -m gibi
Bu yapalrdan sonra present yaplar varsa reality vardr ve gibi diye evrilir, eerpast yaplar varsa unreality vardr ve one tense back kural uygulanr ve -mgibi diye evrilir.
As if / as though dan sonra had been gelmez!!! Were .
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Adverbial clause ksaltmalar
__________________ , zne ____________________ .
virgle kadar zne yoksa ve virglden hemen sonra zne ortaya kyorsa cmle banda :
Ving : e zaman aktif
..Walking down the street, he saw me.
V3 / Being V3 : e zaman pasif
Properly used, the computer will last at least three years
Having V3 : farkl zaman aktif
Having finished his hw, he went out
Having been V3 : farkl zaman pasif
Having been edited, the book was sent to publishing.
.. , and ortak zne + fiil.. , Ving .
SENTENCE ADVERBS
. X , SVO.... ; X , SVO.. . zne , X , .. . .. , X
1) CONTRAST: ztlk However : ancak, ama yine de On the other hand : ama; dier yandan Nevertheless :ama yine de Nonetheless :ama yine de Even so : yine de; byle olsa bile
2) RESULT: sonu Therefore : bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla Thus : bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla Hence : bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla Accordingly : bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla Consequently : bu yzden, sonu olarak, dolaysyla As a consequence : sonu olarak As a result : sonu olarak Thereby : ylelikle, o suretle, bylece
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Therebydan sonra SVO gelmez.
And thus : ve bylece/ bu yzden , thus + VingThereforeHenceTherby
Soconsequently
3. ADDITION: ekleme
Also : dahas, stelik Besides : dahas, stelik; -e ilaveten Further : dahas, stelik Moreover : dahas, stelik Furthermore : dahas, stelik In addition : dahas, stelik Whats more : dahas, stelik
Besides yapsnn iki kullanm var, eger noktalama iareti ile kullanlrsa devamnda cmle almal.
BesidesAs well asIn addition to + NP..also : -nn yan sraApart from
4. TIME: zaman
At first : ilk olarak Afterwards : daha sonra Later : sonra Then : sonra In the meantime : bu sre iinde, bu arada Meanwhile : bu arada
5. EXEMPLIFICATION: rneklendirme For instance : mesela, rnein For example : mesela, rnein To illustrate : mesela, rnein As an example : mesela, rnein As an illustration : mesela, rnein To exemplify : mesela, rnein
..such as + NP : gibi rneklendirme..like + NP : gibi rneklendirme
6. PARTICULARIZATION: zele indirgeme
In particular : zellikle Particularly : zellikle Specifically : zellikle Especially : zellikle Notably : zellikle
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7. EXPLANATION: aklama
Aklama bildirirken kullandmz yaplar aada listelenmitir.
That is : yani Namely : yani In other words : baka bir deyile That is to say : yani
8. SIMILARITY: benzerlik
Benzerlik bildiren yaplar aada listelenmitir.
Likewise : aynekilde Similarly : aynekilde Correspondingly : aynekilde By the same token : aynekilde In the same way : aynekilde
Like + NP : gibi : benzetme
*unlike +NP -nn aksine*in contrast to +NP -nn aksine
9. EMPHASIS: vurgulama
In fact : aslnda, gerekte Indeed : gerekten, dorusu, hatta As a matter of fact : aslnda Actually : aslnda, gerekten As such :aslnda, gerekten
10. REFUTATION: rtme
On the contrary : aksine In contrast : aksine By contrast : aksine
11. TRANSITION:
-ile ilgili: -e gelince as regards with regard to regarding with respect to concerning as for as to in the case of about when it comes to pertaining to
olarak grmek/deerlendirmek regard as view as
consider as cite as
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12. SUMMATION / CONCLUSION In summary : zet olarak, ksacas In brief : ksacas In short : ksaca In conclusion : sonu olarak To be brief : ksacas To sum up : zet olarak All in all : zet olarak; hereyi hesaba kattmzda
13. EXCEPTION
Except that : bir yana Except for : -den baka, dnda Save that : ancak Saving : -den baka, dnda Apart from : -den baka, dnda But :
But for :
15.
Irrespective of : baklmakszn, gzetmeksizinRegardless of :..kaideye almadan
Bu yaplarn evirisi -ever kelimeleri gibi yaplabilir.
Regardless of what he says : whatever he says
16.
whereby : by means of which + SVO : araclyla, vastasyla
by means ofviathrough + NP : araclyla, vastasylawith the help ofby
through : iinden geerek, arasndan geerek through the canalthrough : araclyla, yardmyla
throughout :boyunca, tm Turkey
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INVERSION
A) NEGATIVE INVERSION:
Negatif anlam veren kelime ile ya da negatif kelimenin iinde yer ald bir kalpla balayancmleler devrik olabilirler..
Only ile balayancmlelerde devrik dizilim genellikle ana cmlede olur.
Little does she knowwhat surprises we have in store for her.No sooner had I openedthe doorthan the phone started ringing.Hardly had I gone to the bed when there was a knock at the door.Not only did he resign from the post buthe also left home.Nota single worddid she say.Not untilI finish this project will I have a holiday.Nowhere have I seen a more beautifully decorated room so far.
On no account will he acceptthe project offered by the union.Under no circumstances will he acceptthe project offered by the union.
Never has she experiencedsuch an emotion.At no timehave I seenher talking to anyone.Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.Only when the government stops interfering will we see any improvement in our schools.
Adams was not invited, and neither were any of his friends.Adams was not invited, and nor were any of his friends.
B) POSITIVE INVERSION:So hot was the road surface thatthe asphalt melted.Such an efficient secretary is shethat you dont need to do anything on your own.I would like to know whats happening out there.So would my friends.
To be able to be promoted, you should work hard as doesyour father. ( d gibi)No one could have worked harderthandidshe.
Simon isnt as tall as is his brother.On the new classroom management proceduresis there so much concentration.
If clause type I : should
If clause type II : wereIf clause type III : had
1- A lot of, Lots of, Plenty of: (hem +, hem -)
oul isimlerya dasaylamayan tekil isimlerle beraberok; birok anlamnda kullanlanbu yaplar genellikle olumlu cmlelerde tercih edilirler.
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2- A number of, A good many, Quite a few, A good few, (sadece +)A great many, A large number of, Scores of, Large numbers of:
Kendilerinden sonra sadece oul isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplarn hepsi birok anlamnasahiptirler ve zne olarak kullanldklarnda fiil oul zneye gre ekimlenir.
Iinde number, few, many geen yaplar
***The number of yaps-nn says anlamnda kullanlr ve devamndaki yardmc fiil tekil zneyegre ekimlenir.e.g. The number of students is / A number of students are
3- A good deal of, A great deal of, A vast amount of, A large amount of, A great quantity of:(sadece -)
inde amount, deal, quantity geen yaplar
Kendilerinden sonra sadecesaylamayan tekil isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplarn hepsi okanlam tamaktadrlar.Bir cmlede zneyinitelediklerinde fiil tekil zneye gre ekimlenir
4- Many, Several, Few, A few: (sadece +)
Kendilerinden sonra sadece oul isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplardan many yapsbirok; several yaps birka; a few ve few yaplaraz diye evrilir. Ancak, afew yaps sayca few yapsndan fazlalk ifade eder
A few : az ama yeterli (enough)Few : yok denecek kadar az (not enough)
5- Much, A little, Little: (sadece -)
Kendilerinden sonra sadecesaylamayan tekilisim alarak kullanlan bu yaplardan a littleve little yaplarbiraz diye evrilir. Ancak, a little yaps miktar bakmndan littleyapsndan fazlalk ifade eder. Bir baka deyile little yapsaz diye de evrilebilir.Much yaps ise ok anlamnda kullanlan bir yapdr
A little : az ama yeterli (enough)Little : yok denecek kadar az (not enough)
Only + a few : fewOnly + a little : little
6- Most, Any, Some, No: : (hem +, hem -)
Kendilerinden sonra hem oulhem desaylamaz isimlerle kullanlabilen bu yaplardanmost yapsou, pek ok; any yapsherhangi; hi; some yapsbiraz;birka; ve no yapshi anlamnda kullanlr
any yaps olumlu cmlede her, herhangi bir, tmeklinde de evrilebilir.
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7- Both, Either, Neither: 2Sadece iki eyden bahsederken kullandmz bu yaplardan both yapsher ikisi;either yapsikisinden biri; ve neither yapsikisinden hibiri anlamnagelmektedir. imdi bu yaplar ayr ayr inceleyelim:
*** Eitherreactionis regarded as a rude attitude. (Both reactionsare )(Her iki tepki de kaba bir tutum olarak deerlendirilir.)
neither of the students : 2 renciden hibirisi
none of the students : rencilerin hibirisi
8- Each or Every?
Bu iki yap da kendilerinden sonrasaylabilen tekilisim alarak kullanlrlar ve her zaman tekilolarak deerlendirilirler
Each : one by one : seperatelyEvery : as a whole (all)
Each of Each of the students isEvery of xxx dizilimi yoktur
Each : zamir Each isEvery : zamir xxx kullanlmaz
Nearly / almost + every
Nearly every student is : Nearly all students are
Every 5 weeks, every 2 years
9- All or Whole?
All my life : my whole lifeAll the money : the whole Money
my ve the yaplarnn yerlerine dikakt ediniz.
All yaps ayrca Noun Clause yaplarnda the only thing anlamnda kullanlabilir.Bukullanmda All zne pozisyonunda ise yardmc fiil tekil olur.
e.g. All (that) I want you to do is to be quite.(Yapman istediim tekey sessiz olman.)
10- NO or NONE?
No + isim .no people, no money. None of + isim. None of the students. None : zamir I liked none.
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11
another : bir dieri / tekil isim / limit yok / zamir de olabilir.
..One..another.(limit yok)
Turkey has lots of problems... One is inflation..Another problem is Another is..Another is
the other : dieri / iki eyden dieri ya da grupta en sonda kalan/ zamir de olabilir
..One..the other.(2 ey var)
I have 2 brothers. One lives in Ankara. The other lives in stanbul.
Others : dierleri
..Some..others.
Some experts claim that , while others (other experts) think that
The others : belli grup iinde kalan dierleri
There are 40 students in the class. 25 of them are female. The others (the other 15 students) are male
Some otherMany other : baka we need some other methods.Any other
Eachother : 2 kii : birbirine
One another : 2 den fazla kii : birbirine
My + noun MineYour Yours
His His
Her Hers
Its Its
Our Ours
Your Yours
Their Theirs
Subject Pronouns ReflexivePronouns
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I Myself
You Yourself
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself
We OurselvesYou Yourselves
They Themselves
She blames herself, whereas they blame themselves
On + posessive adjective + own(on my own, on his own, on your own, etc.) yapsnkullanarakBy + reflexive pronoun kullanarak verdiimiz yalnz ya da kendi bana,
yardm almadan anlamlarn verebiliriz.
On my own : by myself
On his own : by himself
DKKAT ETMENIZ GEREKEN KELIMELER, YAPILAR VE ESANLAMLILARI
Evidence for (-nn kant)Evidence of (-nn kant)
However rich he is, he isnt happy.(However yaps kendisinden sonra sfat ya da zarf alp yan cmlecik ve ana cmlecii
balayabilir.)
Aye is not at home, but at work.
(deil, anlam veren not, but kalb parallel bir kalptr ve not yerineolumsuzluk veren baka yaplar da kullanlabilir.)
ConsecutivelySubsequentlySuccessively (ard arda; bunun ardndan)respectively
Rather than: -den ziyade genellikle + VingInstead ofIn place of (-nn yerine; -den ziyade; -dense)
_____ I could.I like.
(Boluktan sonra bu ekilde ksa ifadeler varsa ok byk ihtimalle orada bir as..as ya damore than yaps gibi bir ksaylama ifadesi kullanlr.)
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as as ______. (asas yapsnn devamna aadaki yaplar getirilebilir.)meII do. (SVO)
. do I. (Devrik cmle)
Aye spend as much as I earn on a dayAye spend as much as do I earn on a day.
At the expense of = -nn zararna, -nn srtndan
__________. Indeed,In fact,As a matter of fact, ____.Actually
(Bu zarflar bir nceki cmlenin daha vurgulu bir ifadesinin olduu bir cmleye geisalarlar)
I dont need money whatsoever. (whatsoever yaps olumsuz cmlede bir ismin ardndangelir ve Trkedeki Paraya maraya ihtiyacm yok anlamndaki ikilemeyi salar)
DrawbackShortcomingPitfallDefectFlawDisadvantage (Bu kelimeler eksiklik, kusur, dezavantaj anlam verirler)
Put into effect/use/market (-y uygulamay koymak, piyasaya srmek)
Go into effect (uygulamaya girmek)Come into effect
DistinctDifferent from (-den farkl)
Distinguish between
Effect onImpact onInfluence on
I am ofthe opinion that.. (Grm .)
___you know, she is student.As (-d gibi)
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As far as (-d kadaryla)So far as(Nesnesi eksik bir yan cmlecik bu bala kullanlarak bir ana cmlece balanabilir.)
All the students but Ahmet failed.
(But balac bu tr kullanmda hari anlam verip except ya da except for gibi birkullanma sahiptir.)
Make up for = compensate for = telafi etmek, karlamak
EradicateWipe outStamp outClear out (kkn kazmak, yok etmek)
To .extent/degreeTo some extent (ksmen)To what extent (hangi oranda)To a large extent (byk oranda)To a little extent (azck)
(toextent ya da to degree kalb araya eitli yaplar alarak kullanlabilir.
As yet = imdilik
Instead ofRather thanIn place of (-nn yerine; -den ziyade; -dense)
Whereby = by means of which (-...yoluyla; araclyla; vastasyla)
This is the methodwhereby you can treat malaria.(whereby yaps Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.)
I wanted Ahmet to sleep, but he did otherwise.(Otherwise yaps bir zarftr ve yoksa, aksi takdirde anlamnn yan sra aksi, tersianlam da vardr)
Clockwise (saat yn)Anti-clockwise (saat ynnn tersi)From . to (hem zaman hem yer ifadelerinde)From .until (sadece zaman ifadelerinde)From ..till (sadece zaman ifadelerinde)
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As you know, _________.As far asSo far as
(Bu ekilde nesnesi eksik olan bir ifadenin yan cmlecik olmasn as, as far as ve so far
as balalar salayabilir. Bu durmda devamlarna tam cmle (ana cmlecik) getirilir. )
Aye, if she studies hard, can pass the exam.
(Bala+yan cmlecik bu ekilde ana cmleciin iine yerletirilebilir)
I am ofthe opinion that (grm.)
All students but Ahmet failed the exam.
(But balac bu tr kullanmda hari anlam verip except ya da except for gibi birkullanma sahiptir.)
I have no option but to study.(But balac genelde devamna bir fiil alacaksa fiilin to Vo halini alr)
SpotPoint where SVO
Process by which SVO
SituationConditionDisease in which SVOEnvironmentCircumstance
Be subject to -e maruz kalmBe exposed to
PlayTake an important part/role in
Under the terms of (-nn artlarna gre)Under the orders of (-nn komutasnda)Under the supervision of(-nn denetiminde)Under the rule of (-nn idaresinde)
Parity with (ile eitlik)
Take into consideration (gz nne almak)
Take into account (hesaba katmak)
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Regardless ofIrrespective of(-y dikkate almadan, -y hesaba katmadan)
Howeverrich he is, he isnt happy. (However + adj/adv +S V, SVO)
However you will design your room is up to you. (However Noun Clause yapmtr.)
However we travel, it is going to be a long journey. (However Yan cmlecik, Ana cmlecik.sadece vasta bildirirken)
(However yaps bu durum dnda ncesinde bir cmle olmakszn cmle bandakullanlamaz.)
Cooperation with = ..ile ibirlii
On a basis (on a regular basis = dzenli olarak)On a level (on a high level = yksek seviyede)On a scale (on a large scale = byk lekli)
In the wake of = -nn ardndanIn its wake = onun ardndan
What I want to know is where she was yesterday.
(Bu cmlede hem zneyi hem de tamamlaycy Noun Clause yapalr oluturmutur)
Whereby = by means of which (-...yoluyla; araclyla; vastasyla)
This is the methodwhereby you can treat malaria.(whereby yaps Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.)
To .extent/degreeTo some extent (ksmen)To what extent (hangi oranda)To a large extent (byk oranda)To a little extent (azck)
(toextent ya da to degree kalb araya eitli yaplar alarak kullanlabilir.
Replace with (..ile deitirme)Subsititute with (ile deitirme)
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Apprehensive = anxious, worried (endieli)
Comprehensive = thorough = exhaustive (kapsaml)
Charge with (ile sulamak)Accuse of (ile sulamak)Blame for (ile sulamak)Appeal for = ask for (talep etmek, istemek)Appeal to = attract (cezbetmek)Appeal = temyize gitme
Otherwise ____, _____. (olmaz)
(Otherwise yaps bir bala deil zarftr. Bu yzden yan cmlecik ve ana cmlecikeklinde iki cmlecii balayamaz. Aadaki gibi birbirinden ayrlan iki cmleciin arasnda
kullanlabilir.
_____; /./ Otherwise, ______.ThereforeHoweverInsteadIn spiteOn the contraryOn the other handEven So
(Bu yaplarn hepsi zarftr, ve devamlarna cmle alrlar, ayrca ncelerinde de mutlaka bircmle olmaldr.)
1980 is a notorious year for Turkey.
(zne gemii gsteren bir zaman ifadesi olsa da zaman Present olabilir)
Such adj+noun as (kyaslama)
Such noun as (rnekleme)
SeemAppear to V0
prove
Replacement = subsititute
ParticularlyIn particularEspecially
Notably(Some countries, especially Turkey,)
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(Bu zarflar bir grubun iinden bir geyi n plana karmak iin kullanlrlar)
Malaria is a disease _in which __ SVO.disorderailment
illnessimpairmentinfirmityconditionenvironmentsituationcircumstance
Cleft Sentence:
It was by studying hard that Ahmet passed the exam last year.(That yapsndan sonra Tam cmle gelmesine ramen Noun Clause deil Cleft sentenceyaplmtr. Bu tr durumlarda Itthat uyumuna dikkat etmek gerekir)
It was the Romans who / that built this bridge.It was this bridge that was built by the Romans
Pertaining to = related to
With regard toAs regardsRegarding -e gelince, sz konusu oluncaAs forAs to
Teem with ile dolu olmak)Abound inBe full withBe stuck with
Frankly, (drst olmak gerekirse)Honestly,To be honest,To be frank,
Agree with smbAgree on/about smt
As well asBesides NP, ___________. (prep)In addition to
Apart from(Bu yaplar Prep olduklar iin devamlarn Noun Phrase (NP) alrlar.)
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If not necessary, __SVO__. (zorunlu olmasa da.) (If not, yaps bu ekildekullanldnda -olmasa da ya da -e ramen anlam verir.
______, and therefore _____
thushencethereby
(Bu durumda and balacnn zellikleri geerlidir)
I first saw her in the concert.(First yaps zarf olduunda ilk kez anlam verir ve genelde Past ifade eder)
The first man to leave the building was.(The first/second; The best/most; ve The only yaplar devamlarna fiili to Vo
eklinde alrlar.)
Make something known = introduce (tantmak, piyasaya srmek)
That isIn other words = baka bir deyile
NamelyTo put it differently
Within the reach of X Out of reach = keep this out of childrens reach.
Range from .to (-den .-e eitlik gsteren)Vary from to
As for -e gelinceAs regards sz konusu oluncaAs to
RegardingWith regard to
Whether or / Whether or notHem olup olmad N.C. yaparHem de olsa da olmasa da/Adv.Cl. yapar
Whether = sadece olup olmad N.C
..so that can/could.
..in order that (-sn diye: devamlarna genelde modal alrlar)
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Research onStudy in/intoInquiry
(spesifik olursa on)
(genel alan olursa in ya da into)
Search for (-bireyin aratrmas)
That isIn other words yani, bir baka deyile
Namely
They were surprised/amazed/shocked at/by ..
__Much_totheir surprise/amazement,
__Much___ tothe surprise ofthem,
particularly = in particular (zellikle)accordingly = in accord (buna uygun olarak)
My doctor gave me a recipe. And I eat everything accordingly.Resident (bir yerde ikamet eden)DwellerSettlerInhabitant
In place of = instead of = Rather than
Be Composed of -den olumak
Consist ofIncludeBe made of
Prevail (v) hkm srmekIn Turkey common sense prevails.
Prevelance (n) yaygnlk
Remarkable (dikkate deer oranda, nemli)Significant
ConsiderableImportant
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Seep into = -e szmak
Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (geersiz klmak, yrrlkten kaldrmak)
Sensitive toSusceptible to -e kar savunmasz olmaVulnerable to -e hassas
She is like my mother. (like benzetme yapar)
Occur = take place = come about(olmak, meydana gelmek)
Null and void = invalid
ConvertTurnTransform to/intoChange
Should have V3Ought to have V3 -meliydinWas/were supposed to Vo
PointSpot where..
Process by which
SituationConditionDisease in whichCircumstanceEnvironment
Be exposed to -e maruz kalmBe subject to
He resorted to violence to get his money back. (-e bavurmak)
As a last resort, . (Son are olarak)
Can you write in English? (Bir dilde birey yazmak in edat olur)
Stray off den sapmak
Adapt = adapte etmek
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Adopt = benimsemek
AppeaseSoothe sakinletirmek, yattrmak
SedateTranquilize
There has been a decrease in prices
by 10 %.
By 10 % = at the rate of 10%.
Irrespective of = regardless of
(-y dikkate almadan, -y hesaba katmadan)
He won the lottery thereby becomingthe richest man in the town. (kendisinden sonra Ving)
He won the lottery. He was thereby chosen the leader of the team (pasif yapnn iinde)
He married and thereby lost touch with us. (Bu cmlede and kurallar geerli)As it is stated in the passage,As is stated in the passage,As stated in the passage,As in the passage, .
Result from = stem from
Result in = lead to = cause = bring about = give rise to = contribute to
Found founded- founded / establish (kurmak)
Find found found (bulmak)
Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (yrrlkten kaldrmak)
Expand into .Develop into (byyerek) -e haline gelmek
Osmanl Beylii expanded into an empire.
Under the orders of = -nn ynetimi altndaUnder the supervision of = -nn denetimi altndaUnder the terms of= -nn artlarna gre
Soothe = appease = sedate = tranquilize sakinletirmek
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SubsequentlySuccessively ardndanConsecutively
Successor = halefPredecessor = selef
Irrespective of= regardless of = makszn
Comply with = Abide by = stick to =e bal kalma
GenerosityAttitude to / towards
SensitivityFrom 1920 onward,As of 1920,As from 1920,
Wipe outStamp outEradicateClear out
As regardsRegardingAs forAs toWith regard to
-e gelince, sz konusu olunca
Carry out = conduct = perform = do
Exhaustive = comprehensive = thorough = kapsaml, etrafl
go on strike = greve gitmek
such adj+noun as (kyaslama)such noun as (rnekleme)
effect onimpact oninfluence on
play
take a role / a part in
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date back - gemie (-e dayanmak)date from - gnmze (-den kalmak)
He is known to posterity by this book. (..tarafndan bilinmek) by yerine to
He is known for this book. (ile tannmak, ile nl olmak)
He is known as the best player. (olarak grlmek)
Compensate for == Make up for tazmine tmek, telafi etmek, karlamak
I dont love you any moreI dont love you any longer. (artk)I no longer love you.
Do you have any more questions? (daha fazla)No, sir. I have no more questions. (daha fazla yok)
Aye, if she studies hard, can pass the exam.(bala+yan cmlecik ksm ana cmleciin iine konulabilir)
Have .... to do with = -ile alakas olmaksomethingnothinglittle
It is necessary for me to pass the exam. (for smb. to Vo)
Commonplace = widespread yaygn
May wellMight well = may / might / couldCould well
May as wellMight as well = had better
Be composed ofbe made up ofconsist ofcontaininclude
rely on / upondepend on / upon
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count on / upon
account formake upconstitute
comprise oluturmak
considerable ciddi miktarda; nemliremarkablesignificantimportant
considerate = thoughtful
but She is at homeandis cooking.
andorso
Bu balalar paraleldir. Bu yzden ortak zne tekrar etmeyebilir.
two-thirds (2/3)one-third (1/3)one-sixth (1/6)
One of my friends = a friend of mine
I no longer love you.I dont love you any longer.
any more.
Do you have any more questions?No, I have no more questions.
Only a few = few (only few olmaz)Only a little = little (only little olmaz)
SuggestSuspect thatImply
Ask/wonder that (olmaz)Ask/wonder wh-/how/whether (olur)
I need to go.My shirt needs to be ironed/ ironing.
The + noun + of + noun
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The leg ofthe table
It was not Ali but Hseyin who broke the window.Aye is not at home but (she is) at work.notbut kalb paraleldir
ButAndOrSo(paralel balalar. Ayn zne ve fiili tekrar etmesende olur.)
This is the method whereby you can treat malaria. by means of which
put emphasis on
put importance on
am/is/are Ving for two weeks (olmaz)was/were Vingwill be Ving
bu yaplarn perfect halleri olur .
DealAmount saylamayan gbek kelimeleriQuantity
A deal of money/water
______. In contrast, ___ (bunun aksine)Instead (bunun yerine)
In contrast to/with NP, ___. (-nn aksine)In spite of (-e ramen)Instead of (-nn yerine)
Long-lasting product (uzun mrl)
Consecutively (ard arda)SubsequentlySuccessivelyRespectively
Instead ofRather thanIn place of
.____ you like/ I can / I could. gibi ksa cmlecik varsa geneldeAsasMore than
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So as vb. kyaslama yaplar doru olur. the otherstudentspassed.
the otherstudent passed.(the other yaps devamna hem tekil isim alabilir hem oul isim alabiklir hem de tekil birismin yerine ikame olur. the others ise oul ismin yerine ikame olur)
I did it myself. (zne ile reflexive uyumlu olmal)
I saw Ahmet himself. (reflexive nesneyi vurgulayabilir)
By + reflexive- yardm almadan- yalnz
I answered the question by myself = on my own.
He is at home by himself = on his own.
I am at home alone.
I am lonely.
For + reflexive = birinci elden tanklkSee it for yourself. (Kendin gr)
One of my friends = A friend of mine
SituationCondition in whichDiseaseBook
All students but Ahmet failed the test.But bu cmlede hari anlamndadr. except ya da except for olabilirdi.
He is known to the posterity by this book.(Genlik tarafndan tannyor)
Compensate forMake up for
Detrimental toHarmful to
Rather thanInstead ofIn place of
He learned that RTE was the PM then.
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Be regarded asbe known asbe cited asbe recognized as
be acknowledged as
Wipe outEradicateStamp outclear out
appallingstaggeringstunning
lead tocause
bring aboutgive rise toresult incontribute to
result fromstem fromarise from
irrespective ofregardless of
with a view to = -nn amacyla
He won the lottery, thereby becomingthe richest man in the town.
He won the elections. He was thereby chosen the president.
He is a good player, and thereby knows how to play.
(thereby bu ekilde kullan
labilir)I dont need money whatsoever.(whatsoever olumsuz cmlede bir isimden sonra gelir ve onu pekitirir)He is rich. he isnt happy though.
He though isnt happy(though zarf olunca cmle ba hari her yerde kullanlabilir)
Regardas. (aktif)
Be regarded as (pasif)
Be known asBe acknowledged as (olarak bilinmek)
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Be counted asBe cited as
I did this myself.(zne ve reflexive uyumlu)
I did this by myself / on my own.
I saw Ahmet himself.(reflexive nesneyi vurguluyor)
I myself saw Ahmet.(reflexive zneyi vurguluyor)
See it for yourself. (birinci elden tanklk)
In particularEspecially
NotablyParticularly (zellikle)
Convert into/inTurnChangetransform
point wherespot
As it is in the others, ..As in the others, .. (ksaltlm hali)
The + noun of + noun
In the light of
I am surprised at/byI am dissappointed with/byShe answered the question herself.
itself(her iki reflexive de kullanlabilir ama analam farkldr)
on a levelon a scaleon a basis
pertaining to = related to
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turn out to V0
stamp outwipe outeradicate
clear outclear away
at birthby birth
spend on
on display = gsterimde olan
date back
date from
ail = halt
ailmentimpairmentinfirmity
One . Another
(2).. One. The other
To a/an extentdegree
acquire (v) (edinmek)acquisition (n) (edinim)
Prior to (prep) = before
Priority = privilegeUnparalleledUnprecedentedunique
I was surprised by / at
__much___ To their surprise/amazement___much___To the surprise of them
process by which SVO
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pointspot where SVO
at present presently = nowcurrently
make use oftake advantage of -den faydalanmakutilizeexploit
goodscommodity = meta, eya
tooldeviceappliance = alet, cihaz, aygtequipmentinstrument
if not necessary = zorunlu olmasa da
subject = citizen
perpetualpermanentconstant = srekli, kalccontinuous
perennial
resist to
resistant to = -e direnresistance toSuch countries as Turkey.. (rnekleme)
Regardless of = -e bakmaksznIrrespective of
This income which is therebymade available to them is..(pasif yapnn iinde kullanlm)
FlaggingStaggering = bocalayan, sendeleyen
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Stunning
Effect onImpact onInfluence on
Stare atGaze at = -e dik dik bakmak
Tend toBe liable to = -e eilimi olmakBe inclined toBe predisposed toBe prone to
That is
In other words = Baka bir deyileNamely
May wellMight well = may / might / couldCould well
May as wellMight as well = had better
Some countries, such as Turkey, are.like
.. For example,
Common sense should prevail.
Prevalance (n)Prevalant / dominant (adj)
Leak (v) szdrmakLeakage (n) szdrma, sznt
Seep into -e szmak
She is at home andis sleeping.(and balac paralel olduu iin ikinci cmlenin znesi kullanlmad)
It lasted for 3 years
It lasted until 1990.
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Put emphasis onimportance
pressure
attach significance to
importance
attack onassault on
from 1950 onward (-den bu yana)
backwardsidewardupward.
Turn out to V0
As forAs regards sz konusu oluncaAs to -e gelinceRegardingWith regard to
Rather thanInstead of -nn yerine / -den ziyadeIn place of -mektense
Stamp outWipe out - kkn kazmakEradicate - silmekClear out
Extinguish - sndrmekPut out
LucrativeProfitable (adj) krl
As OF 1970, .itibariyleAs FROM 1970,From 1970 onwards,
In charge of (-nn sorumluluunda)Reponsible for
When he graduated from university,
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On / Upongraduating from university, ..On / Upon his graduation, (when balacon ve upon edatlar ile de ksaltlabilir)
I am like my father.
(be like benzemek anlamndadr)
OccurTake place (olmak, meydana gelmek)Come about
Only few (yanl)only a few (olur) = few
Only little (yanl)only a little (olur) = little
leave out = not include
keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak
catch up with = ayn seviyeye gelmek
sort outfigure out = zmlemek; anlamakwork outmake out
stand for = symbolize
in charge of = responsible for
take up with
make up for = compensate for
with the weatherbeing rainy, we stayed ..
(farkl
zneler olduunda with ile k
saltma yap
l
r. Bala yerine with yaz
l
r ve fiilnormal eklinde ksaltlr)
growth in (-da byme)growth of (-nn bymesi)
draw up (tasarlamak, hazrlamak)
be affiliated with (ile balantl)
lucrative = profitable
at a low ebb = ok kt durumda
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vulnerablesusceptible to -e kar savunmasz/hassassensitive
by means ofvia by =yoluyla, araclylathrough
thorough = kapsamlthroughout = boyunca
wrap up = sarmak; sonlandrmak
be wrapped into = -e sarl
____. In comparison, _______.
In comparison to / withNP, _______.
This job offers lots of opportunities.
This bookoffers . (offer fiili sunmak anlamnda genelde V1 olur)
Alike yaps 3 ekilde kullanlr.
They are alike / similar. (adj)
They behave alike / similarly. (adv)
Girls and boys alike = Both girls and boysBe regarded asBe known asBe acknowledged as ..olarak grlmek
Be recognized asBe cited asBe viewed as
Get overRecover from iyilemekPull throughGet rid of
The number of students is(the number yaps -nn says anlamndadr ve tekildir)
Generosity
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AttitudeSensitivity = to / towardSwing
Arise from
Result from -den kaynaklanmakStem from
EradicateStamp out kkn kazmakWipe outClear out
TransformConvert into / to
TurnChange
To . extent / degree
As yet = imdilik
Whose is this book?Whose bookis this? (iki ekil de olur)
Rather than = -mektense / -den ziyadeInstead ofIn place of
I wanted him to stay at home, but he did otherwise.(otherwise bir zarftr ve her yere gelir)Clockwise / anti-clockwise
Depend on / uponRely on / upon
Pay attention toCome up with (solution, idea, proposal)
produce
from 1920 to/till/until1930 (zaman)
from Ankara to Istanbul (yer)
She, if she studies hard, can pass the exam. (yan cmlecik araya girebilir)
As you know,
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As far as I know,So far as I know, __ Main Clause____.(bu cmlede know fiilinin nesnesi olmasa da devamna Noun Clause deil Main Clausegelir, nk bu yaplar balatr)
PitfallFlawShortcoming eksiklik; kusurDefectDrawbackDisadvantage
OverForDuring the last/past (have/has V3)
InWithin
DiseaseSituation __in which__ SVO.Condition where (olabilir ama kullanma)
However rich he is, he isnt happy. (-e ramen anlamnda)
He is rich; however, he isnt happy.nevertheless
nonetheless ama yine de
Under the terms ofUnder the orders ofUnder the supervision of .Under considerationUnder construction
Parity with = ile eit
Regardless of -e bakmaks
z
nIrrespective of
Arise fromResult from -den kaynaklanmakStem from
Get rid of den kurtulmakGet out of
At the expense of . nn zararna
each other = one another
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_____. In fact,Indeed,As a matter of fact, _______.
(bu yaplar bir nceki cmleyi vurgular)
ShortcomingPitfallDrawbackFlaw eksiklik, kusurDisadvantagedefect
I have no problem whatsoever with you.(whatsoever yaps olumsuz cmlede bir isimin ardndan gelir ve onu pekitirir)
Effect onInfluence onImpact on
I am of the opinion thatSVO
Underconsideration = dnce aamasnda
Take into consideration = gz nne almakTake into account = hesaba katmak
Put into effectPut into usePut into/onto market
Go into effectCome into effect
____you know, I am a teacher.
(bu cmlede know fiilinin nesnesi olmasa day an cmlecik yapabilen as, just as, asfar as ve so far as balalar olabilir)
Some countries,such as / like Turkey, are (rnekleme)
In charge of = -den sorumluResponsible for
In advance = ncedenbeforehand
in confidence = confidential = gizliin secrecy
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exploit = smrmek; sonuna kadar kullanmak
expose (v) maruz brakmak
Rather thanInstead of -nn yerine/-den ziyadeIn place of
AilmentDiseaseillnessinfirmity
If you have finished the task, you can leave. (belli bir eylem varsa have/has V3 olabilir)
I have just recognized how much is at stake. (pabucun pahal olduunu anladm)
On a levelOn a scaleOn a basis
Lucrative = profitable
Patrol (v) = gezinmek, dolamak
The table the leg of which is broken is in my room. (of which aitlik ifade etcekse nnde buekilde aralarnda aitlik olan iki Noun phrase olur)
I am like my father..I look like my father.(gibi gzkmek, -e benzemek)
Leave out = not include
As of 1920, .itibariyleAs from 1920,From 1920 onwards,
Ankara is centered (yer ifade ederken)located
placedsituated
stand for = symbolize
in charge of = responsible for
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When he graduated from univeristy, On/Upon graduating.,On/Upon his graduation,(when balac on/upon edatlar ile de ksaltlbailir)
Put . into force/market/use
ComeGo into use/market/force
Take something for granted= nemsememek;= bireyi grmezden gelmek;
grant (v) bahetmek, vermek
grant (n) burs, yardmplaytake a role/part in
I am ofthe opinion that
Be of. e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak
This agreement is ofimportance.
Make out
Figure outFind out anlamak, zmlemekWork outSort out
Take up= hobiye balamak/ zaman & yer doldurmaktake up with = zaman & yer doldurmak
look down on = disdain = despise = scorn
make up for = compensate for
employ (v)employer (n)employee (n)employment (n)unemployment (N)
From 1920 onwards,
As of 1920,As from 1920, .. itibariyle
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Ban onProhibition on
Teem with ile dolu olmak
Abound inBe full with
Be made up ofBe composed ofBe comprised of -den olumakConsist ofInclude
Make up =: Uydurmak: Makyaj yapmak: oluturmak
send off = give off = emit = release
One .. . Another .
Two.. One The other
and thus and thereforeand henceand therebyand soand consequently
(bu durumda and balacnn zellikleri geerli olur)
seemappear to V0
prove
comply withconform with -e bal olmakabide bystick to
turn out to V0
forthis reason
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fora variety ofreasons
fall into disrepute = gzden dmek
fall into disfavour
She is sure that .. (Adj + that)
Comprehensive = etrafl, kapsamlExhaustivethorough
compulsoryobligatorymandatory
keep out = not enterleave out = not include
wrap up = finish / sarmak
The Sun rises (doar)
Be superior to (-e stn olmak)
Be inferior to (-den aa olmak)
Alike yaps 3 ekilde kullanlabilir.
1) We are alike/similar.
2) Treat them alike/similarly.
3) Girls and boys alike = both girls and boys
Put up with = tolerate = katlanmak; tolerans tan
makCatch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamakKeepup with = ayak uydurmak, ayn seviyede olmak
Make outFigure out anlamk; zmlemekWork outSort outFind out
Take after = resemble, look like
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Let down = dissappoint
Work outCome up with retmek
Produce
Involuntary= impulsive = unintentional
Bring aboutCause -ile sonulanmakLead toResult in
On a levelOn a basis
On a scale
To a large extent= largely = byk oranda
Instead ofRather thanIn place of
AstoundingStaggeringStunning artcappalling
at pace (hznda)
Apart from
Besides
In addition to
As well as killing germs, thisvaccine also does harm to the surrounding tissues.
Conclusive = convincing = persuasive
Deal withCope withTackleHandle
Trivial = unimportant = insignificant
Medium, media
Be made up of
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Be comprised of -den olumakConsist ofInclude
Be subject to
Be exposed to
Impact onInfluence onEffect on
Be regarded asBe recognized as = olarak grlmekBe cited as
Be known asBe acknowledged as
Take care of = look after
Make up for = compensate for
Keep up with=-e ayak uydurmak, ayn seviyede kalmak
Catch up with = -i yakalamak
Keep in touch with = irtibat halinde kalmakGet in touch with = irtibata gemek
This job offers lots of opportunities.(offer fiili sunmak anlamnda genelde V1 olur)
Atthe rate of -nn orannda
__________. Thus, _____.ThereforeHence
..and thus..thereforehence
** thereby(bu kullanmda and kurallar geerlidir)
concur with =ayn zamana denk dmekcoincide with
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fall into disfavor = gzden dmekfall into disrepute
Ahmet went out and called her.
butorso (paralel balalar)
Ahmet didnt study hard so failed the exam.Account forMake upConsititute
My students differin/in terms ofage.varyrange
attitude towards / togenerositysensitivitysympathy
Recover fromGet over = iyilemekPull through
Carry outDo an experiment, a research .
perform
make outwork outfigure out zmlemek, anlamakfind out
sort outsettle down = sakinlemek; yerleik dzen
bring aboutlead tocause -e sebep olmakresult ingive rise to
contribute to
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convert intotransform into -e dntrmekchange intoturn into
in excess of = nn fazlas; -den fazlamore than
significantimportantremarkable = dikkate deerconsiderableoutstandingdrastic
To the detriment of = -nn zararna
Detrimental to = -e zararl
apparentlyseemingly = grne greit seems that
be happy withbe pleased with
drastic measure sert nlemlerstringent stepstrict precaution
in danger of = -nn tehlikesinde
atthe rate of = -nn orannda
at temperature
as a result ofas a consequence of
because of = -den dolaydue to = -nn sayesindeowing tothanks toon account of
overfor
during the last/past have/has V3..in
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abatedecrease azalmakdiminishfall
She likes tea. I do, too. (olumlu katlm)
QuantityDeal of .+ saylamayan isimler)amount
the noun of nounthe leg ofthe table
differin size/colourvary in / in terms of..
suggestsuspect thatimply
wonder that almazask (sormak)
susceptible tovulnerable to -e kar savunmaszsensitive to
take into account = hesaba katmaktake into consideration = dikkate almak
_______. IndeedIn fact
As a matter of fact, _______.(bu yaplar bir nceki cmleyi vurgularlar)
Depend on / uponRely on/uponTrust / count on
Tend toBe liable toBe prone to -e yatkn, -e eilimliBe predisposed to
Successive
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Consecutive = ard ardaSubsequent
Keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak
Catch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamak
Each student learns ata differentpace.
In the course of = -nn esnasnda
Be compatible with = ile uyumlu
Make use ofTake advantage of -den faydalanmakUtilize
Incident = olay, vaka
Incidence = grlme skl, insidans
Subsititution = replacement
Respond to (v)Response to (n)In response to = -e cevap olarak
KeepInvolveConsider Ving alrlarAppreciateEnjoy.
IntendTend
ClaimDecideSeem to V0 alrlarAppearProve
By means ofBy = vastasylaThroughVia
With the help of
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Fall into disrepute = gzden dmekFall into disfavour
Proportinate to = ile orantl
Be addicted to = -e baml
DifficultyTrouble (in) Ving
Beyond borders snrlar tesindeBeyond recognition tannamayacak kadarOne another
Range from .to = -den ..-eVary from to
Place emphasis/importance onPut emphasis/importance on= -nn nemini artrmak
Rather thanInstead of -den ziyade/ -mektense /In place of
On behalf ofIn behalf of = -nn adna
In the wake ofIn the aftermath of = -nn ardndan
Be of = -e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak
This is ofimportance = This is important
Be regarded asBe cited as = olarak grlmekBe known asBe acknowledged asBe recognized as
Be prone toBe liable toTend to -e yatknBe disposed to
Stamp out
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Wipe outEradicate kkn kazmakClear out
Evidence of / for
ParticularlyEspecially
NotablyIn particularPut on weight
Put/Place pressure onPut/Place importance onPut/Place emphasis on
Come acrossRun intoBump into ans eseri karlamakMeet by chance
Keep in touch with ile temasta kalmakGet in touch with ile temasa gemek
Be exposed to -e maruz kalmBe subject to
Be disposed toTend toBe prone to -e yatknBe Liable to
AffluentRichProsperousDeveloped zengin
well-offwealthy
lead tocause
bring aboutgive rise to = -e sebep olmakresult inaccumulate incontribute to
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(pasif yapdan sonra fiil to Vo olur. To have V3 ise eylem daha once olmusa kullanlr.)
Differin / in terms of
Vary bakmndan farkllk gstermekRange
Die ofDie from -den lmek
Rampant = commonplace = yaygn
Be confined to
Be limited to =ile snrlBe restricted to
On a basisOn a levelOn a scale
In the course of..= -nn esnasnda
The course of our life.= hayatmzn gidiat
My aim is to be a successful business man.being
(be fiilinden sonra tamamlayc olarak to Vo ya da Ving gelebilir)
Evidence of -nn kantEvidence for
Within reachOut of reach
Due toThanks toBecause ofOwing to -den dolayoOn account ofAs a result ofAs a consequence of
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Irrespective of -y dikkate almadanRegardless of
ConditionDisease in which ..
Situation
In order toSo as to V0 -mek iin
to
propertycharacteristics zellikfeature
in proportion to -e oranlaproportinate to
proportion to -e oranlproportion of -nn oran
rank first birinci sradarank second ikinci srada
light up = enlighten = aydnlatmak
make do with = ile yetinmek
priority =privilege
work out = gelitirmek (yol, yntem..)
help to VoVo
ConsiderableRemarkableSignificant dikkate deer orandaImportant
Sensitive to -e kar savunmasz/hassas
Vulnerable toSusceptible to
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Make available to ulalabilir klmakMake accessible to
AlleviateDiminishDecrease azaltmak; azalmakAbateFall
Recover fromGet over -den iyilemekPull through
Look over = look through = gz gezdirmek
Make do with = ile idare etmek
Keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak
Catch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamak
Decrease inFall in -de dIncrease in..
DiseaseSituationCondition in which SVOInfection
An increase in prices by 5%...
Carry outConduct a research/a survey/an experimentDoPerform
SpotPoint where SVO
Process by which / whereby / through which
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Wonder (bu fiilller that almaz)AskComprehensive = exhaustive = thorough
As toAs for -e gelince, sz konusu oluncaAs regardsRegardingWith regard to
Be inclined toTend to
Be prone to -e yatknBe liable toBe disposed to
2002 MAYIS SINAVI NEML KELMELER VE YAPILAR:
1. C Soru gramer olarakadverbial clause ve passive (edilgen) yaplarn iermektedir. Now that = -dnagre, madem ki anlamnda evrilebilir. Cmlenin anlamna baklacak olursa, Hkmet tarafndan
resmi _____ verildiine gre, proje ekibi oluturulabilir. anlam
elde edilir. Tm seeneklerisimhalinde verilmitir, bu kelimeler;
A) reference : referansB) apprehension : anlay, endieApprehensive: endieliApprehend: anlamak: comprehend: understandC) approval : onayD) expression : ifadeE) determination : kararllk
anlamna gelmektedir ve anlam olarak cmleye en uygun olan kelime Ckknda onay anlamnagelen approval kelimesidir.
APPROVE: CONFIRM, PROVE TO BE TRUE
Recruited: E ALMAK, OLUTURMAKEmploy X sack, dismiss, fire, make redundant
DETERMINE: BELRLEMEK, KARAR VERMEK
DETERMINE WHETHER/IF
RELUCTANT: UNWILLING: NOT EAGER: NOT VOLUNTEER
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2. D Bu soruda buza anlamna gelen calve kelimesinin anlamn bilmek soruyu zmeye yardmcolacaktr. Anlam olarak, kk buzalar ile yal srlar karlatrlmaktadr ve kkbuzalarn daha _____ olduu belirtilmektedir. Seeneklerin hepsi sfat halinde verilmitir, bukelimeler;
A) reluctant : gnlsz, isteksizB) hazardous : tehlikeli, DANGEROUSC) intimate : samimi, SINCERED) susceptible : korunmasz, hassas; SENSITIVE, FRAGILE,VULNERABLETO X
FORMIDABLE, STRONG, STANDABLE, ENDURINGE) relative : greceli
anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant Dkknda korunmasz anlamna gelen susceptible
kelimesidir.
3. A Cmlede geen internal combustion machine ifadesi iten yanmal motor anlamna gelmektedirve evre kirliliini artrd anlamdan karlabilir. Ayrca, Green movement isim tmceciininevrecilere ait ya da evreyi koruma lehine olan bir grup olduu dnlrse, bu iki dnceelimektedir. Seeneklerin hepsi isim halinde verilmitir, bu kelimeler;
A) disaster : felaket calamityB) rejection : reddetmeC) admission : kabul, giri
D) denial : inkrE) illusion : yanlsama
REGARD AS: VIEW AS : CONSIDER AS, CITE AS : OLARAK GORMEK, OLARAKDUSUNMEK
COMBUSTION: YANMAINTERNAL X EXTERNAL
anlamna gelmektedir ve evreye kirlilik yayan bir makineyi, evrecilerfelaket olarakdeerlendirmektedirler. En uygun anlam veren seenekA seeneidir.
4. B Soruda tm klaradverb (zarf) olarak verilmitir. klardaki kelimeler;
A) precisely : belirgin eklide, kesinlikleEXACTLY, ABSOLUTELY, CERTAINLY, SURELY
GRAMMAR: MUST Vo, must have V3
Jack passed the exam, he must have studied hard.
B) notoriously : aklanmas zor, sknt vericiC) compulsively : zorlayarakD) suitably : uygun ekilde ,APPROPRIATELYE) flexibly : esnekekilde
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anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna bakldnda, bir dil ile diyalekt arasndaki farknaklanmasnn zor ve sknt verici olduubelirtilmitir. Anlama en uygun kelime Bkkndakinotoriously kelimesidir.
5. E Cmlede genel olarak, Japonya, ulusal savunmaya ynelik olan sektrn (sanayisini) yabanclarnsahip olduu irketlerden tamamyla ayr olarak devam ettirebilen bir lke olarak _____ eklindetamamlanmas gereken bir ifade sorulmaktadr. klardaki kelimeler fiil olarak verilmitir ve;
A) deduce (FROM) : sonu karmakB) delay : ertelemekC) deceive : aldatmakD) withdraw : geri ekilmekE) cite : belirtmek, gstermek
anlamna gelmektedir . Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime Ekkndaki cite kelimesidir.
ENTIRE : BUTUN, ENTIRELY (ADV) : WHOLE
6. B Cmlenin anlamna bakldnda,genel olarakdvy etkileyebilecek bilginin tanklar tarafndan_____ im edilmektedir. eklinde tamamlanmas gereken bir ifade bulunmaktadr. klardakikelimelerfiil olarak verilmitir ve
A) express : ifade etmek... EXPRESS FEELINGSB) withold : tutmak, saklamakC) avoid : kanmakD) disrupt : aksatmak, bozmak, DISRUPT THE PEACE
E) decline (IN) : azalmak, dmek
DIMINISH, REDUCE, LESSEN, FALL DOWN, DECREASE, ALLAY, ALLEVIATE,SUBSIDE:abate
COURT :MAHKEME / TRIAL / DAVA MAHKEME
BEAR: LE LGS OLMAKBEAR UPON/ON: - ETKLEMEKCANT BEAR / CANT STAND/ CANT HELP: DAYANAMAMAK
anlamna gelmektedir. Anlamca en uygun olan seenekB seeneidir.
7. A Bu soruda phrasal verb sorulmutur. Seeneklere bakarsak, fiiller;
A) keep up with : yakalamak, ayn seviyeye gelmek, CATCH UP WITHB) look out for : aramakLOOK OUT:/ WATCH OUT / KEEP OUT : BE CAREFUL
C) make sure of : emin olmakD) bring up : bytmek, deinmek, GUNDEME GETIRMEKE) sort out : zmek, SOLVE, RESOLVE
anlamna gelmektedir ve anlam olaraktarmsal faaliyetlerin artan talebi karlayamad
belirtilmektedir. Buna gre, en uygun anlam A seeneindedir.
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DEMAND : TALEPPROGRESS: ILERLEMEK, AAMA KAYDETMEK
8. C Bu soruda da phrasal verb sorulmutur. Anlamlarna bakarsak, fiiller;
A) hold up :beklemek/bekletmek
B) come along :beraber gelmek, ilerlemekALONG WITH: LE BRLKTETOGETHER WITHC) deal with : -ile uramak, BAA IKMAKCOPE WITH, HANDLE, TACKLED) pay for : demekE) take over : stlenmek, DEVRALMAK
anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlede, Yeni Zelandada her bir toplumun, sula (cinayetlerle) uramak,baa kmak iin kendilerine has yntemler gelitirdiibelirtilmitir. Anlam olarak cmleyi en iyiekilde tamamlayan ifade C seeneinde verilmitir..
9. HAVE/HAS V3 MY WHOLE LIFE.
HE SAID THAT ..HAD v3
HE CLAIMS THATGERCEK ZAMANI PAST
HE CLAIMS THAT THE WAR STARTED IN 1940.
HE SAID THATFACT: PRESENT
He nsisted that the coffee grows in Brazil..
10. judge: yarglamak, hukum surmek (v)trbunal: court: mahkemetrial: case: dava
issue: meselecharge : suclama
ACCUSE OF: BLAME FOR: CHARGED WITH:C LE SUCLANMAK
RELATING TO: AS TO : ABOUT: PERTAINING TO: CONCERNING: REGARDING: ASREGARDSLE LGL, HAKKINDA
WITH REGARD TO: WITH RESPECT TO: AS FOR: IN THE CASE OF.-E GELINCE
contemporaries: ADALARI, AYNI DONEMDE YAAYANLAR..
THOSE OF : NIN KILERTHAT OF : NIN K
My HOUSE IS BETTER THAN THAT OF JACKSMY CARS ARE BETTER THAN THOSE OF JACKS
13. STATE OF MIND: RUH HAL
14. THE + ISIM + OF + ISIM
14. THE CRADLE OF: -NIN BE
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primevals. tarihncesi aglara ait
MODIFY : CHANGE : SHIFT : AMEND : ALTER : TRANSFORM ..(INTO)
15: NATURALLY: IT IS HARDLY SURPRISING
: UNDERSTANDABLYDISAPPOINTED: DISILLUSIONED
SURPRISED AT/ BYTO..MY SURPRISE / AMAZEMENT
ARE ACCUSED OF___
16. SCHEDULE: PLAN
BELOW STANDARDSILL WILL: HUZURSUZLUK: UNEASE
WILL (N) : RADE, STEK, VASYET
17: ONLY RECENTLY: DAHA YENi
UNTL RECENTLY: v2RECENTLY: HAVE HAS V3
18. DESERVE : HAKETMEK
SEND AWAY: FIRE : DISMISS : SACK: LAY OFF, MAKE REDUNDANT : KOVMAK, ATMAK
19. PUBLISH: BRING OUT: RELEASE
RELEASE: SEND OUT: EMIT : GIVE OFFRELEASE FROM PRISON: SALIVERMEKRELEASE AN ARTICLE: YAYINLAMAK
20. CHERISH: SEVGIYLE ANILAN
21. SIMPLY, ONLY, JUST, MERELY, SOLELY
UP TO: TILL : UNTIL : -E KADAR
22: YOU SAY FIRMLY: SERT SEKILDE..FAIRLY : RATHER: QUITE
CONDITIONALLY: ARTLI OLARAK
25. LARGE-SCALE: BUYUK LEKL
ON A LARGE SCALERETAIL: PARAKENDEat close quarters: YAKINDAN
ASSESS: EVALUATE: DEERLENDRMEKCARRY OUT: YAPMAK, YONETMEK: PERFORMSURVEY: RESEARCH: POLLSEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT : SEARCH FOR: LOOK FOR: INVESTIGATE: LOOK INTO
26: EXHAUSTIVE RESEARCHDETAILED
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INTERN: STAJ, EITIM
27. GO ON STRIKE: GREV YAPMAK
THREATEN : FAdequate: ENOUGH: SUFFCENT
NADEQUATE: INSUFFICIENT: NOT ENOUGH
GRANT: BAGILAMAK, VERMEK, YETKI VERMEK, HAK VERMEKBRIBERY: CORRUPT: RVET
THE BABY S DUE (TO) NEXT MONTHTHE HW IS DUE (TO) TUESDAYMESI /MASI BEKLENIO
THE ILLNESS IS DUE TO + NOUN / Ving
28. evacuation: tahliye, boaltma
excavation: kazcore: ekirdekbeyond: tesindemelt: erimekwater*proof: su gecrmezproof: kant: evidenceinstall: kurmakvacate: boatlamakvacancy: vacant position
29: obviously: clearly: simplyworthless: deersizpriceless. Paha bicilemez: valuable
attitude towardsproud of you..
too proud to Vo:
30.concern : kayg, ilgiconcerned with: ile ilgiliconcerned about: hakknda worried about
it was the concern ofthe employers
comprehensive : kapsaml..
vigorous: hareketli , iddetlilaunched (started) a vigorous campaignnotion: idea:
31.crop : ekin, rn : yield, harvest:offset : karlamak, dengelemek
yield clue: ipucu vermek
32:I have no money whatsoever: param maram yok
Substantially: byk lde
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53: predict, forecast, foresee, guess, estimate (at)
freed from : serbest kalmak,manner :durum ,tavrmake decisions :karar vermekparticularly : especially, notably, in particular
necessary : essential, requiredrapidly: fastMeanwhile:in the meantime: bu sre iinde
54.
Autonomous: kendisi alanequipped with :ile donatlmsquest: merak konusu, aratrmaobservations:gzlemvents:menfezreasonable: makul, mantkl, acceptable, logical, plausibleobtain:get: elde etmek
dull: boring : skctowed:-den balamakprospect: probability, likelihood: olaslkcrisscrossing: taramak..
55.
capture : elde etmek, yakalamakskills :gift, knack, ability, talentalliances :mttefikAmbitious :hrsl, azmlcounted on :rely on, depend onin terms of : bakmndan, asndan
overheads :genel masraf : expenditure: expensesidentifying :tanmlamakcompetence: ability, capability; adequacy; adequate salary; qualification:opportunities, frsat, imkan
56.
Proposals : suggestions: nerilerBan :prohibit, forbid, not allowedpesticide :bocek olduruculikely : probablyadverse effect :negatif etkisuitableappropriate uygu
spread :yaylmakharmful :dangerous, hazardouseventually :finally, at last, in the endpersistent :srarc, srekli olanpollutants : kirleticiinsecticides :bocek ldrcdraining :aktmak, temzlemek, rafine etmekbreeding :iftleme, remenegotiating :grme, mzakere
57.
Non-lethal :olumcul olmayan : lethal: fatal: mortalProspect :olaslkViolent :iddetli
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last resort :son areresort TO:-e bavurmakobjections :itirazmislead : yanls yonlendrmerubber-coated bullets: kaucuk kapl mermimarble :mermeraccurate correct
demonstrations:gosterlerswiftly :hzlca, fast, rapidlydissent :kabul etmemekmilitary :askeri
58.
confronted (with) :face, karlamak, yzlemekavalanche institutions :kurumprecedence :stnlkcompetitors :rekabet edenlerovercoming :stesinden gelmek
overwhelming :ezici, youn olanutterly :tamamyla, entirelyignore :nemsememekalienates :yabanmclatrmak, uzaklatrmakrange from to.. :den --- e kadarextinction :yok olmagaining :kazanma
77.
I suppose :Presumably: PRESUME: ASSUME: IMAGINElong to:look forward eagerly to
78.its hardly surprising :naturallyand consequently:and soshe is so popular:she is in great demand.
79.
obviously:simplydoesnt have the resources :cannot meet their needs.The normal school :the average school
80.
Im not sureI could be wrong
a nasty feelingIm afraid
81.
massive increases:vast increaseslargely because :The main reasonon account of: because
2002 KASIM KPDS KELIMELER VE ONEMLI YAPILAR
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D) resignation : istifa STEP DOWNE) vacancy : bo pozisyon
anlamna gelmektedir. Anlam olarak skandal kelimesiyle ilikili olan kelime D seeneindeki istifaanlamna gelen resignation kelimesidir.
ANNUAL LEAVE ... PERMISSION: ZN
In the wake of: -NIN ARDINDAN: FOLLOWINGIN PURSUIT OF: -NIN PENDEHAND IN: SUBMIT: TESLIM ETMEK, SUNMAK
SUMMIT: ZRVE NEGOTIATION
5. D Bu soruyu daha iyi anlamak iin nce cmlenin znesi bulunmaldr. Cmlede yardmc fiil gibidnebileceimiz can yapsna kadar olan ksm cmlenin znesidir ve gramer olarak reduction ofrelative clause (ksaltlm bir sfat tmcecii) vardr. Yantlar Amerikan anayasasn tanmlamaktadr vebunlarn genel anlamda su orann azaltmak iin _____dan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler;
A) discovered : kefedilmi FIND OUTB) complained : ikayet edilmiC) persuaded : ikna edilmi CONVINCED) designed : tasarlanm, hazrlanmE) displayed : gsterilmi
anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant D seeneindeki designed kelimesidir.
Constitution: ANAYASA
INSTUTITION: KURUM
Constraints: SHORTCOMING, DRAWBACK,DEFECT,DISADVANTAGE,PITFALL, LIMITATIONS
SHIELD: PROTECTDEFEND
6. A Bu soruda phrasal verbs sorulmutur. Soruda ii bann herkese istedii her eyi yaptrd ancak yenimdrle nasl _____ndan bahsedilmektedir. Yantlara bakarsak;
A) get around : baa kmak,KAFAYA ALMAKB) make up for : telafi etmek COMPENSATE FORC) turn over : teslim etmek SUBMIT, HAND IND) keep up with : ayn seviyeye gelmekE) rule out : saf d brakmak
anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant A seeneidir.
7. B Bu soruda da phrasal verbs sorulmutur. Anlam olarak ilk bilgisayar virsn bulan kiinin 20 yl hapis
cezasna arptrld ve genel olarak az cezayla _____ dnlmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler;
A) show up : ortaya kmak, APPEAR, STAND OUT
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B) let smb off lightly : hak ettiinden daha az ceza vermekC) take down : paralamakD) give up : brakmak, vazgemekE) bring in : kazan salamak
anlamna gelmektedir ve anlamca en uygunu B seeneidir.
NOT: Let somebody off lightly ifadesi to give someone a less serious punishment than they deserveanlamnda kullanlan bir phrasal verb yapsdr.
sentenced to: CEZALANDIRILMAK, PUNISH
8. APPOINT : ATAMAKon a regular basis: DZENL OLARAK
AT REGULAR INTERVALS: DZENL ARALIKLARLA
9.TURN OUT TO BE: OLARAK ORTAYA CIKMAK, -E DONUSMEK
10.besidesin addition to NIN YANI SIRAAS WELL AS
11.
implement : UYGULAMAK
17.
AIL: PROBLEM YARATMAK
AILMENT : ILLNESS: DISORDER :
18. OBJECTIVE : AIM: GOAL: TARGETAMBITION
19. I AGREE WITH YOU TO AN EXTENTSOON, IN THE NEXT YEAR : CLOZE TESTLERDE DIKKKAT
THE WAR STARTED IN 1950. SOON (THE NEXT YEAR)v2..
23: ACQUSTON:ACQUIRE: ELDE ETMEK
in the hunt for: N SEARCH OF: IN PURSUIT OF: NIN PESINDE
SEARCH FOR
25.was sustainedsustained: srdrmek, ayakta tutmak
26. indicted by: sulu bulundu
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IF Only: I wish
Only ifinversion
37. IS OUT OF THE QUESTION: IMPOSSIBLE
IMKANSIZDIR, TARTISILMAZ
1. C Sorudaki ifadeden, yeni aratrmacnn birka baka aratrmacyla yakn bir ______ iinde alacave bu yzden uyumlu bir kiilik yapsna sahip olan birisinin seilmesi gerektii anlamkarlmaktadr. Verilen boluu dolduracak ifadelere bakldnda, karmza kan tm yaplarn noun(isim) olduu ve anlamlarnn da;
A) uniformity : birbirine benzerlik, aynlk UNITEDB) suspicion : phe, kukuC) collaboration : i birliiD) discretion : sr saklamaE) productivity : verimlilik
FERTLE: VERIMLI (TARIM)PROLIFIC WRITER: RETKEN..
olduu grlmektedir. Verilen seeneklerden, cmlenin anlamn en iyi ekilde tamamlayann Cseeneindeki kelime olduu aktr.
2. D Soruda, sponsorluun, eitim mfredatyla ______ olmas kouluyla okullarda artarak uygulandanlatlmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi adjective (sfat) olup;
A) considerate : dnceli, sayglB) predictable : tahmin edilebilir..FORESEE FORECAST GUESS ESTIMATEC) decisive : kesin, kati CONCLUSIVED) compatible : uyumluE) provocative : kkrtc, tahrik edici
CONSIDERABLE: OLDUKA, OK, NEML DERECEDE
anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerden yola klarak, boluu en uygun ekilde
tamamlayan ifadenin D seenei olduunu anlamaktayz. Ayrca, bu seenekteki kelimenin boluktansonra verilen with edat ile kullanlmas da doru yant bulmada yol gsterici olabilir.
KPDS 2003 MAYIS ZMLER
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CURRICULUM : CURRICULADATUM : DATA
JEWISH
EN..SOFTEN
-TY
..THEY.
A) DATA
3. A Bu sorudan, yiyeceklerde ... gibi ________ kanser yapc maddelerin bulunmasnn gazete manetlerineyansmasyla tm dnyada ok etkisi yaratt anlam karlmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerinhepsini zarflar oluturmaktadr. Bu zarflar;
A) p