Simulations of Beamforming Algorithms Stelio Montebugnoli, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy,...

Simulations of Beamforming Simulations of Beamforming AlgorithmsAlgorithms

Stelio Montebugnoli, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy, Stelio Montebugnoli, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy, [email protected]@ira.inaf.it

Giovanni Naldi, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy, [email protected] Naldi, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy, [email protected]

HIMALAYA Kick-off Meeting, Brussels, 03/11/2009S. Montebugnoli, G. Naldi 2

The IRA/INAF Medicina The IRA/INAF Medicina ObservatoryObservatory

The Observatory is addressed at:Via Fiorentina n. 3508/B - 40059 Fiorentina di Medicina (Bologna)

Lat. Nord 44° 31' 13.8" Long. Est 11° 38' 48.9" Elev. 28m

N

30Km


The IRA/INAF Medicina The IRA/INAF Medicina ObservatoryObservatory


The Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) The Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) dish antennadish antenna

• Built to partecipate to the european VLBI network.

• Tasks: VLBI and single dish observations

• 32m dish diameter

• Frequency coverage: 1.4 to 43GHz


The “Northern Cross” Radio TelescopeThe “Northern Cross” Radio Telescope

E/W armSingle antenna Single antenna 564 mt x 35 mt 564 mt x 35 mt (1536 dipoles)(1536 dipoles)

N/S armArray of 64 Array of 64 antennas antennas

640 mt x 23.5 mt 640 mt x 23.5 mt (4096 dipoles)(4096 dipoles)

Bandwidth: 2.7 (5 MHz) MHz @ 408 MHz

E/W arm

N/S arm Collecting area:

30000 m30000 m22


The “Northern Cross” Radio TelescopeThe “Northern Cross” Radio Telescope

Part of the Norther Cross array has been used to obtain pathfinders for both SKADS and Lofar

BEST-21410 m2

32 rx – 8 N/S cylinders


SKA: Square Kilometer ArraySKA: Square Kilometer Array

• Project of the greatest (in Project of the greatest (in dimensions)dimensions)

and most powerful (in and most powerful (in performances)performances)

Radio Telescope ever built in the Radio Telescope ever built in the worldworld

• AN INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUMAN INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM includes 18 COUNTRIES,includes 18 COUNTRIES, among them: Australia, United among them: Australia, United

States,States, Canada, China, Italy, Netherlands…Canada, China, Italy, Netherlands… MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:

• Collecting Area of about 1 Collecting Area of about 1

KmKm22

• Frequencies: 0.1 - 25 GHzFrequencies: 0.1 - 25 GHz• 3000 Km in diameter3000 Km in diameter• Very high sensitivityVery high sensitivity• High resolution capabilityHigh resolution capability• Great signal processing Great signal processing capacitycapacity


LOFAR: LOw Frequency ARrayLOFAR: LOw Frequency ARray


LOFAR: LOw Frequency ARrayLOFAR: LOw Frequency ARray

• A new concept Radio Telescope A new concept Radio Telescope

under construction in the under construction in the

Netherlands.Netherlands.• It is the largest radio telescope It is the largest radio telescope

in the world for low frequencies in the world for low frequencies

(before SKA).(before SKA).• It will be composed by several It will be composed by several

stations with almost 200 simple stations with almost 200 simple

omni-directional antennas omni-directional antennas

(Netherlands, Deutschland, (Netherlands, Deutschland,

France, Italy?).France, Italy?).

• The Core (a total of 77 stations The Core (a total of 77 stations

distributed within a circle of 175 distributed within a circle of 175

km in diameter) has been partly km in diameter) has been partly

built.built.

Low Band Antenna: 30 - 80 MHz

High Band Antenna: 120 - 240 MHz

HIMALAYA Kick-off Meeting, Brussels, 03/11/2009S. Montebugnoli, G. Naldi 10 HIMALAYA Kick-off Meeting, Brussels, 03/11/2009S. Montebugnoli, G. Naldi 10

Different methods for adaptive Different methods for adaptive beamformingbeamforming

METHOD

TIME required (3GHz PC clock

considering 8 sensors)

Applicabilityin a static

environment

Applicabilityin a dynamic environment

MVDR 9.313 sec Good Good

FD-LCMV 54.53 sec Very GoodNot

Applicable

NULL STEERING

9.125 sec Good Good

KLT 9.031 sec Good Good

HIMALAYA Kick-off Meeting, Brussels, 03/11/2009S. Montebugnoli, G. Naldi 11 HIMALAYA Kick-off Meeting, Brussels, 03/11/2009S. Montebugnoli, G. Naldi 11

Basic block diagram of the MVDR adaptive beamforming implementation.

1- It is blind: no knowledge of the RFI directions are required. 2- The reference antenna is not required

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Simulations of Beamforming Algorithms Stelio Montebugnoli, IRA-INAF, Medicina (BO), Italy,...

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