Simulation Tracking Object Reference Model (STORM)
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Simulation Tracking Object
Reference Model
(STORM)
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Outlines • Goal
- Introduction
- SCORM
- The Goal
- Why SCORM is not enough?
- Related Works
• Modeling - What are the problems?
- Simulation Modeling
- Objective Modeling
- Run-Time Environment
• Design
- Objective Model Design
- STORM RTE Design
- OMDT
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Introduction
E-Learning Systems
Learner
E-Learning Content
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SCORM
• Sharable Content Object Reference Model.
• Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative
directed by U.S. Department of Defense (DoD),
January 2000.
• A software model that defines the interrelationship of
course components, data models, and protocols such
that content “objects” are sharable across systems
that conform with the same model.
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Sharable Content Object (SCO)
Content Structure
SCOs & Assets
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Asset
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Run-Time Environment (RTE)
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The Goal
• Enabling the embedded interactive simulation in the SCO to be tracked by the LMS at run time.
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Why SCORM is not enough?
• “An Asset does not communicate to the LMS via the API and data model.”
Reference
SCORM® 2004 4th Edition,
Run-Time Environment (RTE) Book, Page 26.
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Related Works - HLA
• High Level Architecture.
• Defense Modeling & Simulation Office (DMSO) of the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), September 1996.
• Standard framework that enables simulations to be
composed of different simulation components.
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HLA Functionality
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HLA Components
• Federation Rules
– Ensure proper interaction of simulations in a federation.
– Describe the simulation and federate responsibilities.
• Interface Specification
– Defines Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) services.
– Identifies “callback” functions each federate must provide.
• Object Model Template (OMT)
– Provides a standard method for simulation modeling.
– Establishes the format of key models:
• Federation Object Model (FOM)
• Simulation Object Model (SOM)
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HLA-SCORM Integration
• A prototype system that integrates HLA compliant
simulation with SCORM compliant instruction.
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SRML
• Simulation Reference Markup Language.
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), December 2002.
• An application of XML for describing simulation
models, and its runtime environment is software that
is capable of executing those models.
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SRML
• The goal of SRML is to enable simulations to be
served, received, and processed in a standard fashion
using Internet technologies and the World Wide Web,
just as HTML enables that functionality for text, and
MathML enables that functionality for mathematics.
• SRML combines XML and scripts to encode both the
structure and behavior of all items comprising a
simulation.
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SRML
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BOM
• Base Object Model
• Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization
(SISO), January 2006
• A piece part of a conceptual model, simulation object
model (SOM), or federation object model (FOM), which
can be used as a building block in the development
and/or extension of a simulation or federation.
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BOM
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Mega-BOM
• A prototype model for composing BOM with SRML.
• Mapping between BOM entities and SRML elements.
• The goal of Mega-BOM is to facilitates the
development of simulation by BOM conceptual
modeling and SRML behavioral markup.
• But, there are no released specifications or standards
until now.
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ECS Model
• Enables Delta3D game engine to be launched and
tracked by SCORM-compliant LMS.
• There is no need for simulation modeling, only
Delta3D simulations used.
• Translates simulation interactions into tasks and
objectives.
• Uses an Assessment Module for events tracking and
objectives evaluation.
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ECS Model
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Outlines • Goal
- Introduction
- SCORM
- The Goal
- Why SCORM is not enough?
- Related Works
• Modeling - What are the problems?
- Simulation Modeling
- Objective Modeling
- Run-Time Environment
• Design
- Objective Model Design
- STORM RTE Design
- OMDT
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So, What are the Problems?
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Most LMSs are SCORM-compliant
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SCORM-Compliant LMS
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Simulation must be modeled
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HLA - OMT
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OMT-Modeled Simulation
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Objectives must be modeled
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Objective Model
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Objective Model formally
described using Z Language
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Simulation with Objectives
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Responsibilities of
Run-Time Environment
must be defined
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Run-Time Environment
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Complete View
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Outlines • Goal
- Introduction
- SCORM
- The Goal
- Why SCORM is not enough?
- Related Works
• Modeling - What are the problems?
- Simulation Modeling
- Objective Modeling
- Run-Time Environment
• Design
- Objective Model Design
- STORM RTE Design
- OMDT
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Objective Model Design
• The simulation has an ordered sequence of objectives,
and must be done sequentially.
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Objectives
• Each objective has an ordered sequence of tasks,
and must be done sequentially.
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Tasks
• Each task has a collection of the following items:
Event A specific event with specific parameters and count.
Panel A specific ordered\unordered collection of Events, Panels or Pools.
Pool A specific set of Events or Panels with a specific maximum.
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Tasks
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Document Type Definition (DTD) <!-- Elements -->
<!ELEMENT simulationObjectives (objective+)>
<!ELEMENT objective (task+)>
<!ELEMENT task (panel)>
<!ELEMENT panel (panel|pool|event)+>
<!ELEMENT pool (panel|event)+>
<!ELEMENT event (parameter*)>
<!ELEMENT parameter EMPTY>
<!-- objective's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST objective id CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST objective name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST objective description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!-- task's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST task id CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST task name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST task description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST task reaction CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!-- panel's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST panel id CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST panel name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST panel description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST panel ordered CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!-- pool's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST pool id CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST pool name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST pool description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST pool count CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!-- event's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST event id CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST event interactionClassName CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST event description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST event count CDATA "1">
<!-- parameter's attributes-->
<!ATTLIST parameter id CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST parameter parameterName CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST parameter description CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST parameter restriction CDATA #IMPLIED>
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STORM RTE Design
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RTI Ambassador
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RTI Ambassador
• Depends on HLA-RTI.
• Handles events routing to and from the simulation.
• Implements the following APIs: - sendInteraction()
- sendInteractionWithRegion()
- sendOrderToSimulation()
- The rest of HLA-APIs.
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Assessment Module
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Assessment Module
• Responsible for objectives evaluation.
• Uses the Objective Model XML file.
• Implements the following APIs: - initializeModule()
- updateObjectiveStatus()
- getObjectiveCompletionStatus()
- getCurrentObjectiveCompletionStatus()
- getTaskCompletionStatus()
- getCurrentTaskCompletionStatus()
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LMS Communicator
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LMS Communicator
• Responsible for communicating with LMS.
• Uses the SCORM APIs and Data Model Elements.
• Implements the following APIs: - setInteraction()
- getInteraction()
- setObjective()
- getObjective()
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RTE Manager
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SRTE Manager
• Responsible for:
- Managing the SRTE workflow.
- Responsible of SRTE initialization.
• Implements the following APIs:
- initialize()
- resume()
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Services
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Services
• Provides facilities to other SRTE components in order to
function well.
• These services include:
– XML files management.
– String manipulation.
– Calculative operations.
– Other services.
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SRTE Workflow
RTI Ambassador
LMS Simulation LMS
Communicator
Assessment Module
Events
Orders
Interactions
Reactions Actions
Data 1
7
4 6
Objective Status
5
2 3
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OMDT
• Objective Model Designing Tool
• A graphical authoring tool for building Simulation
Tracking Object (STO) that is an ordinary SCO but
contains:
- Simulation asset.
- XML file for OMT Model.
- XML file for Objective Model.
- SRTE JavaScript-implementation.
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