SIMULATION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL SIMULATION LAB MANUAL.pdf · Simulation of Single Phase...

Electrical Simulation Lab Manual

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sl. No. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT Page No.

1 Simulation of Transient response of RLC Circuit To an input (i) step

(ii) pulse and(iii) Sinusoidal signals 2

2 Analysis of Three Phase Circuit representing the generator transmission

line and load. plot three phase currents and neutral current. 7

3 Simulation of Single Phase full converter using RLE loads and single

phase AC Voltage Controller using RL loads. 12

4 Plotting of Bode plots, Root Locus and Nyquist plots for the transfer

functions of systems up to 5th order.

23

5 Power System load flow using Newton-Raphson Technique. 28

6 Modeling of Transformer and simulation of lossy transmission line 34

7 Integrator and Differentiator circuits using OP-AMP. 38

8 Simulation of D.C separately excited motor using Transfer function

approach. 43

9 Simulation of Buck & Boost converters. 45

10 Simulation of single Phase Inverter with PWM control. 51

Electrical Simulation Lab Manual EEE

Lendi Institute Of Engineering and Technology of 55

Expt. No: 1

PSPICE SIMULATION OF SERIES RLC CIRCUITS FOR STEP,

PULSE & SINUSOIDAL INPUTS

Date:

AIM: To study the responses of series RLC circuits for a given step, pulse & sinusoidal inputs.

SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:

PC with PSPICE Software

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

Series RLC circuit for STEP input

Series RLC circuit for SQUARE input

Series RLC circuit for SINUSOIDAL input

SPECIFICATIONS:

V1

R2

2 OHMS

4

V3

R1

1 OHM

L2

50uH

C310UF

5 6

C210UF

8 93L1

50uH

R3

8 OHMS

71

V2

2 L3

50uH

0

C110UF

R2

2 OHMS

4 L2

10uH

C310UF

5

V2

6

C210UF

8R1

1 OHM

9

V3

3L1

10uH

R3

3 OHMS

71 2 L3

10uH

0

C110UF

V1

R2

2 OHMS

4

V3

L2

10uH

C310UF

5 6

C210UF

8R1

0.5 OHM

9

V2

3L1

10uH

R3

6 OHMS

71 2

V1

L3

10uH

0

C110UF



THEORY:

PROGRAMS:

STEP INPUT



PULSE INPUT

SINUSOIDAL INPUT



PROCEDURE:

1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.

2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.

3. Activate the file by opening it.

4. Run the simulation process using blue button.

5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

CL

L

R

*

1

*2

0

A).OVER DAMPED ( 0 )

0

B) UNDER DAMAPED ( 0 )

0

C) CRITICALLY DAMPED ( 0 )

0

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:



MODEL GRAPH:

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH STEP INPUT

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH SQUARE INPUT

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT WITH SINUSOIDAL INPUT

Time

0s 100us 200us 300us 400us 500us 600us 700us 800us

V(3) V(6) V(9)

0V

0.5V

1.0V

1.5V

Time

0s 40us 80us 120us 160us 200us 240us

V(3) V(6) V(9)

-15V

-10V

-5V

0V

5V

10V

15V

Time

0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms

V(3) V(6) V(9)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V



Expt. No: 2

PSPICE ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE CIRCUIT

Date:

AIM: To study the analysis of simple three phase circuit for balanced and unbalanced loads.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

Three Phase circuit with Balanced load

Three Phase circuit with Unbalanced load

SPECIFICATIONS:

L23MH

R220 OHMS

3

L33MH

7

L13MH

VS1

4

R120 OHMS

6

R320 OHMS

5

VS2

Vx0V

1

VS3

0

2

L26MH

R210 OHMS

3

L39MH

7

L13MH

VS1

4

R150 OHMS

6

R315 OHMS

5

VS2

Vx0V

1

VS3

0

2



THEORY:

PROGRAMS:

BALANCED LOAD CONDITION



UNBALANCED LOAD CONDITION

PROCEDURE:






RESULT:



MODEL CALCULATIONS:

A) FOR BALANCED LOAD

IbIyIrIn

Ib

Iy

Ir

B) FOR UNBALANCED LOAD

000 2401200 IbIyIrIn

Ib

Iy

Ir

s



MODEL WAVEFORMS:

INPUT WAVEFORM

BALANCED LOAD CONDITION

UNBALANCED LOAD CONDITION

Time

0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms

V(1) V(2) V(3)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V

Time


I(L1) I(L2) I(L3)

-10A

-5A

0A

5A

10A

Time


I(L1) I(L2) I(L3)

-20A

-10A

0A

10A

20A



Expt. No: 3(a)

PSPICE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER

WITH RL & RLE LOADS

Date:

AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RL and RLE Loads.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

Single Phase full converter with RL load

Single Phase full converter with RLE load

5

8

R10 OHMS

3 4

7

Vs

L100MH

E100V

9

1

2

0

XT1

XT2

XT3

XT4

6

5

8

R10 OHMS

3 4

7

Vs

L100MH

1

2

0

XT1

XT2

XT3

XT4

6



SPECIFICATIONS:

THEORY:

PROGRAMS:

WITH RL LOAD



WITH RLE LOAD

SIGLE-PHASE FULL CONVERTER CIRCUIT WITH RLE LOAD



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS FOR ANALYSIS USING CIRCUIT:

Single Phase full converter with RL load

Single Phase full converter with RLE load

X42N1595

0

VG1

TD = 3333.34US

TF = 1NSPW = 100USPER = 20000US

V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

R1

10 OHMS

VG2

TD = 3333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

X32N1595

VG4

TD = 13333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

VSFREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7V

VOFF = 0V

L1

100 MH

X22N1595

VG3

TD = 13333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

X12N1595

0

VG3

TD = 13333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

X22N1595

L1

100 MH

X12N1595

VG2

TD = 3333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

X42N1595

VSFREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7V

VOFF = 0V

VG4

TD = 13333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

X32N1595

VG1

TD = 3333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

E

100 V

R1

10 OHMS



PROCEDURE:






THERITICAL CALCULATIONS:

A)FOR RL LOAD

V

COSV

V

COSV

V

M

M

_______

(____)2

0

)(2

0

B)FOR RLE LOAD

At t i.e. at t

. io = 0

We know t EVm )sin(

Min value of firing angle 3)(sin)(sin 11

mV

E

Max value of firing angle 12 180

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

The single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier is used to control power flow in many

applications (e.g., power supplies, variable-speed dc motor drives, and input stages of other

converters)



MODEL WAVEFORMS FOR FULL CONVERTER:

INPUT WAVEFORM

OUTPUT WAVEFORM WITH RL LOAD

OUTPUT WAVEFORM WITH RLE LOAD

Time


V(1,2)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V

Time


V(7)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V

Time


V(7)

-100V

0V

100V

200V

300V



Expt. No: 3(b)

PSPICE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE

CONTROLLER WITH RL LOAD

Date:

AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RL and RLE Loads.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single Phase AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER with RL load

SPECIFICATIONS:

THEORY:

3

R10 OHMS

2

L10MH

0

1

XT1

XT2

Vs



PROGRAM:

SIGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER CIRCUIT WITH RL LOAD



CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ANALYSIS USING CIRCUIT:

PROCEDURE:






THERITICAL CALCULATIONS(FOR RL LOAD):

Wt=______=______ms

V

COSV

V

COSV

V

M

M

______

]1(____)[0

]1)([0

RESULT:

VS1

FREQ = 50HZVAMPL = 169.7VVOFF = 0V

VG1

TD = 3333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100V

0

VG2

TD = 13333.34US


V1 = 0V

TR = 1NS

V2 = 100VL1

10 MH

R1

10 OHMS

X2

2N1595

X1

2N1595



APPLICATIONS:



MODEL WAVEFORMS:

INPUT WAVEFORM

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

Time


V(1)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V

Time


V(2)

-200V

-100V

0V

100V

200V



Expt. No: 4

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT SYSTEMS

(Bode, Root Locus, Nyquist plots using MATLAB)

Date:

AIM: To analyze the stability of given linear time invariant systems using MATLAB.


PC with MATLAB Software

THEORY:



TRANSFER FUNCTION:

The given system is represented by a transfer function as follows

THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

Draw Bode, Nyquist and Root locus plots for the given transfer function.



PROGRAMS:

BODE PLOT:

NYQUIST PLOT:

ROOT LOCUS PLOT:

PROCEDURE:

1. Open the MATLAB command window clicking on the MATLAB icon.

2. Click on file menu and open new M file.

3. Enter the MATLAB code.

4. Click on the debug menu and run the code.

5. Then copy the obtained plot.

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:



MODEL GRAPHS:

BODE PLOT

NYQUIST PLOT



ROOT LOCUS PLOT



Expt. No: 5

POWER SYSTEM LOAD FLOW USING GAUSS-SEIDEL AND

NEWTON-RAPHSON TECHNIQUE

Date:

AIM: To find the power flow solution of a given power system using Gauss-Seidel and Newton

Raphson methods.



SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM:



THEORY:



PROGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

NEWTON – RAPHSON METHOD:

1. Open the MA TLAB Command window by clicking on the MA TLAB.exe icon.

2. Enter the programs LF-Bus, LF-Newton busout and lineflow in the MATLAB Text Editor.

3. Prepare the line, transformer parameters and transformer tap settings data in a matrix named

line data.

4. Run the programs LF-Y-Bus, LF-Newton, busout and line flow in MATLAB Command Window

to get the power flow solution using Newton-Raphson.

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:



Expt. No: 6(a)

MODELING OF TRANSFORMER Date:

AIM: To simulate an Op-amp based Integrator & Differentiator circuits using Pspice.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

THEORY:



SPECIFICATIONS:

PROGRAMS:

PROCEDURE:






RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

MODEL GRAPTH



Expt. No: 6(b)

PSPICE Simulation of a Lossy Transmission Line

Date:

Aim: Calculation of lossy transmission line parameters by applying PSPICE simulation.

Software tools required: PSPICE

THEORY:

Procedure:

1. Open PSPICE and create 5 sections of a lossless transmission line by placing 5 inductors (use

values of L=10H) in series, then connect each node between the inductors (and the node after the

last inductor) to ground through a capacitor (use C=1nF) as shown in Figure 1. This is the

lumped element model for a lossless transmission line.

Figure 1

2. Calculate the characteristic impedance for this lossless transmission line model.

3. Place a resistor having a value of the characteristic impedance of your line at the end of your

line in parallel with the final capacitor. This is the load.

4. Place a VSIN source on the left side of your circuit and connect it to the line by means of the

first inductor. Adjust VSIN such that it has amplitude of 10 V, phase of 0 degrees, and a

frequency of 1 kHz. Note that VSIN also requires that you set a “Voff” value. Set this to zero.

5. Determine the phase velocity of the transmission line model.

A. The lumped element model is in terms of segments rather than position, so the phase

velocity will be in units of segments/seconds.

B. Place a marker at the node between L2 and L3, between L3 and L4, and between L4

and L5.

C. Go to the Analysis menu and open the setup window. Find the transient analysis

section and then open it. Set the following parameters: Print Step (.01m), final Time (5m), No-

Print Delay (0), and Step Ceiling (.01m). Run the simulation and examine the trace plots

associated with each marker.



D. Divide the number of segment by the time difference between the peak for each

marker.

E. Determine the phase velocity for following three cases (1) between L2-L3 and L3-L4,

(2) between L3-L4 and L4-L5, and (3) between L2-L3 and L4-L5. The phase velocity for these

cases should be approximately the same. (See Figure 2)

Figure 2. The phase velocity between segments 3 and 4 is 1/t.

1. Determine the propagation constant, , for this lumped element model.

a. The propagation constant is the position variable quantity.

b. It is easier to determine the wavelength, , and then calculate the propagation constant

as given by 2 .

c. To find the wavelength you need to place a voltage monitor between each segment and

then measure the voltage on each marker at the same time. (see Figure 3)

d. Add more segments until you can map out more than one entire period of the sinusoidal

wave.

e. Plot the voltage as a function of segment number.

f. Measure the period in terms of segments.



Figure 3

2. Compare the relationship of your calculated phase velocity and wavelength to that derived in

the book (Eq. 2.53).

3. Add resistors in series with each inductor that causes the sinusoid to be visibly damped while

still showing oscillation. This lumped element models the finite resistance of the metal lines of

the transmission line. Describe your new circuit and its values for decay constant. Include a

printout with your description.

4. Add resistors in parallel with each capacitor that causes the sinusoid to be visibly damped

while still showing oscillation. This lumped element models the small conductivity of the

insulator (between the two metal lines of the transmission line.

Describe your new circuit and its values for decay constant. Include a printout with your

description.



THEROTICAL CALCULATIONS:

CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDENCE C

LZ0

RESULT:

APPLICATION:



Expt. No: 7

PSPICE SIMULATION OF INTEGRATOR & DIFFERENTIATOR

Date:

AIM: To simulate an Op-amp based Integrator & Differentiator circuits using Pspice.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

INTEGRATOR CIRCUIT

DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT



THEORY:

PROGRAMS:

INTEGRATOR:



DIFFERENTIATOR:

RESPENSE OF DIFFERENTIATOR



PROCEDURE:






MODEL CALCULATION:

A).FOR DIFFERENTATIOR

dt

dVCRFV **0

B).FOR INTEGRATOR

T

F

VdtCR

V0

*1

10

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:



MODEL WAVEFORMS:

INTEGRATOR INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

DIFFERENTIATOR INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Time

0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms 3.5ms 4.0ms

V(4)

-5.0V

0V

5.0V

SEL>>

V(1)

-2.0V

-1.0V

0V

1.0V

Time

0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms 3.5ms 4.0ms

V(4)

-5.0V

0V

5.0V

V(1)

0V

0.5V

1.0V

SEL>>



Expt. No: 8

SIMULATION OF D.C SEPARATELY EXCITED MOTOR

USING TRANSFER FUNCTION APPROACH. Date:

AIM: To Simulation of D.C separately excited motor using Transfer function approach using

MATLAB.



SPECIFICATIONS:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

THEORY:



PROCEDURE:

1. Open the MATLAB software by clicking on the MATLAB icon.

2. Click on file menu and open new Model file.

3. Add the required blocks from simulink library browser to model file.

4. Click on the start button to simulate.

5. Draw the plot.

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

MODEL WAVEFORMS:



Expt. No: 9(A)

SIMULATION OF BOOST CONVERTERS Date:

AIM: To simulate boost converters using Pspice.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

SPECIFICATIONS:

THEORY:



BOOST CHOPPER

PROCEDURE: 1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.







MODEL CALCULATIONS:

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

MODEL WAVEFORMS:

Expt. No: 9(B)

T

Tonwhere

VSV

10



SIMULATION OF BUCK CONVERTERS Date:

AIM: To analyze Buck chopper using Pspice.



CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Buck chopper

SPECIFICATIONS:

THEORY:

RB250 OHMS

0

Ce8.33UF

T1

Vx 0VVg

L

40.91UH

Dm

Vy

0V

R3 OHMS

Vs110V

Le

681.82UH

10 V



PROGRAM:



PROCEDURE:






MODEL CALCULATIONS :

VST

TonVSV *0

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

MODEL WAVEFORMS:



Expt. No: 10

SINGLE PHASE INVERTER WITH PWM CONTROL Date:

AIM: PSpice analysis of single phase inverter with PWM control.

SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED: PC with PSPICE Software

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single phase inverter with PWM control

PWM Generator

D4

5

12D1

T2

Vy 0V

9

T3Rg1

R

2.5 OHMS

1

7

Vx

0V

T4

13

Rg4

2

4

6Vs100V

8T1

D2

Rg3

11

L

10MH

0

14 10Rg2

D3

3

Rin2MEG

R4

100 KOHMS

4

2

Vc

1

Co10pf

R2

1k

6

Ro75 OHMS

0

Vr

3

R1

1k

5



Carrier and Reference signals

SPECIFICATIONS:

THEORY:

0

Rc12MEG

1715

VrVc1 Vc3Rc32MEG

16

Rr2MEG



PROGRAM:

PROCEDURE:








MODEL WAVEFORM:

AMPLITUDE OF ‘VC1&VC2’>AMPLITUE OF ‘VR’

AMPLITUDE OF ‘VC1&VC2’=AMPLITUE OF ‘VR’



MODEL CALCULATIONS:

CASDE ‘A’:OVER MADULATION (Ar >Ac)

==5>1

>Mr>1

=>Ar/Ac

=

N=number of pulses per half cycle N=1

CASDE ‘A’:UNDER MADULATION (Ar <Ac)

=>Mr<1

=>Ar/Ac

=

=

N-1=number of pulses per half cycle

1

)2/(

N

frfcN

RESULT:

APPLICATIONS:

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