Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.
-
Upload
andrea-welch -
Category
Documents
-
view
539 -
download
8
Transcript of Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.
![Page 1: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Simulation & Hyperreality
Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980
![Page 2: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lecture Outline
• Baudrillard’s concepts of simulation and hyperreality
• Examples of simulation and hyperreality
• The impact of simulation and hyperreality on everyday life and experience
![Page 3: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is a simulation?
• A model, an image, a virtual thing, some kind of fiction or artifice
![Page 4: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Baudrillard’s definition
Simulations are: “models of aReal without origin or reality:
a hyperreality”
![Page 9: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The four stages of simulation
Stage One• Initially, the sign (i.e. image or represent.) is
a reflection of a basic reality.
Ansel Adams “Horse Racing” by Edgar Degas
![Page 10: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The four stages of simulation
Stage Two• The sign masks a basic reality.
The image becomes a distortionof reality.
![Page 11: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The four stages of simulation
Stage Three• The sign masks the absence of a basic
reality.
The image calls in to question whatthe reality is and if it even exists.
![Page 12: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The four stages of simulation
Stage Four• The sign bears no relation to any reality
whatsoever; it is its own pure simulacrum.
Example: Cottingham’s simulated image of the boys.
![Page 13: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Digital Photography
![Page 14: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Traditional Photography
• In photography, there is a one-way logical relationship between:
– the thing and its photographic image – the original and the “copy”– the actual and the virtual
![Page 15: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Digital Photography
• Digital simulations undermine the one-way logic of the original and its image:
– In a digital photograph there is no necessary origin or actuality which the image reflects, or to which the image refers
”Pure Land” by
Mariko Mori, 1997-98
![Page 16: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Simulated images
• Simulated images break the assumed link between reality and representation
• Simulation produces images of things which appear real “ex nihilo”—out of nothing.
![Page 17: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Simulated images
Chtulhu People, Image #d6, Gulnur Guvenc, Adobe Photoshop
![Page 18: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Simulated images
• Principal consequence: the truth value, evidentiary status and objectivity that is traditionally ascribed to photographs no longer applies.
• The image is pure digital information, endlessly manipulableand remote from any pre-existingreality.
![Page 19: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simulated images
The 15 most manipulated images
![Page 20: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What does all this mean?
• Various simulations of reality— images, fictions, artifice etc— are eclipsing or displacing reality itself.
• The boundary between fiction, images and artifice on the one hand, and reality or truth on the other hand, has become blurred.
![Page 21: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kate Winslett / Jennifer Lopez Covers
![Page 22: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Virtual Environments, Games
• The Sims
• WOW
• Second Life, etc.
![Page 23: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Virtual Environments, Games
• Woman Kills Virtual Husband
![Page 24: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The map and the territory
• In The Precession of Simulacra, Baudrillard reworks a famous Borges story where cartographers of the Empire draw up a map so detailed that it covers the territory entirely - as the map decays the territory reasserts itself.
![Page 25: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Precession of Simulacra
• Now, according to Baudrillard, the map comes before the territory - media images, simulations and the hyperreal precede our experience of the real.
• We experience simulations before we experience the real thing. These experiences and perceptions shape the way we see reality.
![Page 26: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Precession of Simulacra
• Images of great artworks take precedence over the actual artwork, which often pales by comparisonEx: Michelangelo’s “Sistine Chapel”, etc.
![Page 27: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Precession of Simulacra
• Armchair tourism - Getaway, Lonely Planet - we typically see media images of the world before we see the real thing
![Page 28: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Precession of Simulacra
• Digitally alteredimages of womenin magazines determine how real women wish to look
![Page 29: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Precession of Simulacra
• Plastic surgery simulations - try before you buy
![Page 30: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Precession of Simulacra
• Lara Croft, a computer generated animated character in the game Tomb Raider - played by Angelina Jolie in the Tomb Raider movie.
![Page 31: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Hyperreal Becomes New Reality
• Baudrillard: “signs of the real are substituted for the real itself”
• In the end, the signs of the real (i.e. simulations) come to take precedence over the real itself.
![Page 32: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Reality Television
The stuff of reality becomes the “story”—food for the fictional televisual world.
"You no longer watch TV, TV watches you.”
- Jean Baudrillard
![Page 33: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Reality Television
• Real people in “real” situations are used instead of actors:
![Page 34: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How real is reality TV?
• Reality TV might use real people but they put them in contrived rather than real situations.
• Events are set up and manipulated.
• Real people are selectively represented, often manipulated and staged as caricatures.
• When they are being filmed by a television or video camera, real people “act”.
![Page 35: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
“The Truman Show” Movie
Peter Wier’s 1998film The TrumanShow is theultimate realityTV show!
![Page 36: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Simulacrum is True
• “The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth—it is the truth which conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true.”
• We cannot know or experience reality beyond our own experience. In a sense there is no reality beyond our own experience.
![Page 37: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conclusion
• Our experience of reality is increasingly mediated (viewed through the lens of a variety of media forms)
• These mediated simulations of reality are starting to displace reality and to shape our perception of reality
“… reality has passed over into a play of reality” - Baudrillard
![Page 38: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Conclusion
• Digital technologies are increasing the scope and seductive power of simulation technologies
• In the future, digital technologies such as virtual reality will increasingly blur the boundary between the real and the imaginary (virtual)
![Page 39: Simulation & Hyperreality Jean Baudrillard The Precession of Simulacra, 1980.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061311/56649edb5503460f94bebd3b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
“Dove” Commercial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U