WiMedia UWB Protocol Analyzer with Wireless USB and Bluetooth UWB
Simulation Design Technologies of RF devices for...
Transcript of Simulation Design Technologies of RF devices for...
2005/11/31
Simulation Design Technologies of RF devices for UWB
Mike Tanahashi, TRDA Inc. / TAIYO YUDENOctober 27, 2005
Ansoft 2005 High Performance Applications Workshop
2005/11/32 Confidential
Corporate Overview• Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan• Establishment: March 1950• Capital: 23.5 Billion JPY• Consolidated Sales: ¥163.3 billion• Employees: 17,193 (worldwide)• WW Sales Offices: 37• WW Production Base: 20• WW R&D Bases: 6
Sales by Products (FY03/04)Others
9%Optical Media19%
Ferrite20%
Capacitor40%
Module12%
Sales by Application (FY03/04)
Components20%
Others20%
Automotive3%
Consumer20%
Telecomms16%
Computers21%
Revenue
0
50
100
150
200
1985 19951978 1980 1990 2000 20052004
Sales Amount (bill Yen)
Consolidated Sales
2005/11/33
Advanced Ferrite Technology
TAIYO YUDEN SALES BY PRODUCT MIX
Advanced ThinFilm Technology
Advanced Capacitor Technology
Advanced Module Technology
CD-RDVD-R
BME MLCCs Array
Advanced Multilayer Technology
CCFL InverterMultilayerProducts
46 %
FY2004(W/W Sales)
Axial Leaded
Bluetooth Module
Ceramic Antenna
MultilayerPiezo Speaker
Axial &Radial
Inductor
WoundChip
Inductor
19%
41%
16%
19%
4%19%
41%
16%
19%
4%
MultilayerChip
InductorsEMC
Products
SMDPower
Inductor
Diplexer
B.P.F.
2005/11/34
Contents
・What’s UWB?・Antenna for UWB・Filter & balun for UWB・Future development
2005/11/35
Various RF standards and position UWB technologiesExpected new usage and field for UWB
WMAN・WWANWLANWPAN WRAN
1Km100m10m1m
10Mbps
100Mbps
1Gbps
1Mbps
100kbps 100km
WBAN*
RFID、NFC
* “WBAN” (Wireless Body Area Network) has not been officially used by standardization organizations.
ZigBee, 802.15.4a
UWBHigh-Data-Rate WPAN802.15.3a
NG BT
NG Bluetooth
Bluetooth
802.11a/g
802.11n
802.11b
Cellular Phone
NG Cellular Phone
802.16WiMAX
802.20
802.22WiTV
2005/11/36
What’s UWB?Frequency bandwidth of UWB and other RF standards
frequency(GHz)
Tra
nsm
issi
on o
utp
ut
leve
l (im
age)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
EMI regulation value under US FCC(FCC Part15)(-41.3dBm/MHz)
Ultra Wideband (UWB communication)
802.11b802.11gBluetooth 802.11a
cell phone802.11b802.11gBluetooth
GPS
cell phone
Spread spectrum communication such as existing narrow-band communication or wireless LAN
2005/11/37
What’s UWB?FCC approved UWB EIRP Level
Handheld Indoor
2005/11/38
What’s UWB?Features of UWB
・ high-speed transmission (110Mbps-480Mbps)- Deliver multiple HDTV video stream- Transmission of low compression, no
compressible AV- Cable replacement of USB2.0
・ lower power consumption (<100mW@110Mbps、<250mW@200Mbps)
・ lower cost
・ QoS
・ coexistence with 802.11a/b/g
・ high-accuracy distance measurement, location detection (‐a few centimeters)
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UWB applicationHome application
Family PCCluster Phone
ControlLong Range
Networking/Connectivitywired & wireless
BroadbandData/Voice
Access
BroadbandVideo/Data
Access
AudioCluster
GamingCluster
Short range Connectivity
high throughputwired & wireless
Home OfficeCluster
Home Theater Cluster
Adapted from MBOA strategy pressbriefing handout
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UWB applicationOffice application
BroadbandAccess
LAN ConnectivityWired/Wireless
IEEE 802.11a/g & nIEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Office DesktopConnectivity
Wired / Wireless
Conference RoomConnectivity (Ad
Hoc)Wired / Wireless
Intra-CampusConnectivity (Ad Hoc)
Wired/Wireless
Adapted from MBOA strategy pressbriefing handout
2005/11/311
UWB circuit needs the following passive components.
BPF BEFRF
ChipBalun
BaseBand
+MAC
AntennaIEEE1394USB2.0
PCI. . . . .
RF devices particular to UWB technology.
・ UWB Antenna・ Band Pass Filter (BPF)・ Band Elimination Filter (BEF)・ UWB Balun
Taiyo Yuden’s UWB Devices
2005/11/312
• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development trend
2005/11/313
Zi=Rr+Rl+jX
Rr
Rr+Rl
The basic of antenna input impedance and radiation resistance
Input impedance Zi→If you see antenna as a circuit, it is circuit constant characteristics of antenna when you see antenna part from I/O port
Radiation resistance Resistance loss reactance
e.g. half-wave dipole antenna73.13Ω
As it gets bigger, heat loss will be increasing,and radiation efficiency of an antenna will be decreasing.
Radiation efficiency =
As Rr gets small, Rl cannot be ignored
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dBddBicdBil
0dBi
1
+α(dB)
-α(dB)
The basic of antenna Gain, efficiency and directivity
The spherical shape is radiation pattern
What’s thatmaking gainhigher? If try to break balloon?
The volume of blown air is constant
Spherical radiation
Balloon becomesspherical
Integration value of directional pattern =1
Antenna efficiency 100%Blow air 1 into antenna
Unit of gain → dBi (i→isotropic)
It means that isotropic antenna is standard antenna for gain measurement.
This is the ideal antenna that radiates equally in all directions.
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(97mm@3.1GHz)
r
λ/4
λ/4
Variety and principle of basic antenna monopole antenna
If it’s bigger than 1λ, it gets close to infinity characteristics.
It is finite actually.
Ground plane(infinite size)
If it’s smaller than 1λ,especially less than λ/4,characteristics changes drastically.
advantage→It has simple structure that just set up the λ/4 element on the ground.
disadvantage→The efficiency depends on configurationof ground. It is not for low profile because it needs to set up element fordefrag I/O impedance.
It becomes antenna when ground plane exists.
Ground plane is also one of the important part of antenna.
Distributionof voltage
Distribution of electric current
2005/11/316
Variety and principle of basic antennainverted-F antenna
Short element(thick part)
aboutλ/4
Ground plane
Short element correct lowering of I/O impedance.
advantage→it is easy to control I/Oimpedance.
disadvantage→frequency bandwidth becomes narrower.
Low-profile monopole antenna
As same as monopole antenna, it becomes antenna when ground plane existence. But because of low-profile element, the coupling with ground that is right under element becomes strong. Therefore the efficiency does not depend on configuration of ground or size.
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λ/4 λ/4
Variety and principle of basic antenna dipole antenna
advantage→stable characteristics.can be use for standard antenna.
disadvantage→total length becomesλ/2, so it gets big.difficult to miniaturize.Ground part of monopole antenna
changes to linear λ/4 in length
Unlike monopole antenna, characteristics is stable because of independent structure.It is used as a standard reference antenna due to its certain characteristics.
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Antenna electric volume(bandwidth)×(gain)×(efficiency)
=constant value
widen bandwidth without changing gain and efficiencyTrade-off
must make antenna electric volume bigger
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antenna
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ZZ‘
ZZ‘= 4Z0 2
≒(60π) 2
2Z= Z0 =60π
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennaself-complementary antenna
Figure out antenna impedance of antenna that complement each other by Babinet’s principle.
(Booker’s relation)
In addition, board and hole are the exactly same.
(Mushiake’s relation)
It is constant regardless of frequencyand configuration
Self-complementary antenna
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β
α
Rn+1
Rn=τ(constant)→ log-periodic condition
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennalog-periodic antenna
Its structure is that antenna characteristics repeat periodically in proportion to log of frequency.
Invented by DuHamel in 1955
α+β=90°→self-complementary condition
Element that is L distance from feed pointdecide resonance frequency.
Maximum dimension decide adjustment resonance frequency.
Input impedance=189ΩWhen α=45°τ=0.5, bandwidth is 5:1
Although structure is self-complementary,it has wide bandwidth characteristics forinfinite spread. Therefore in principle bandwidth characteristics is smaller thanself-complementary antenna.
It is practical structure than self-complementary antenna
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L1
L2
α
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennalog-periodic dipole array antenna
Feed line(feed with phase inversion)
Approximately L1 decide minimum limit of resonance frequency. And L2 decidemaximum limit of resonance frequency.Example of design:α=10°、L1=63.5mm
element number=15、L2=31.8mm
bandwidth→1.1GHz~1.9GHz(less than VSWR2)gain →+8~+11dBi(Peak)
Guided wave area
Radiation area
Reflection area
Each working area moves over by changing of frequency.
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D
A
B
Φ
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennadiscone antenna
disc
conical
feed line
As thicken conductor diameter of dipole antenna,input impedance of antenna is improved.
Widen bandwidth
One part of dipole antenna is disc and the other parts are conical in shape.It feeds with coaxial cable.
Example of designMinimum usage frequency fc=200MHz
when D=230mmA=310mmB=350mm
VSWR is less than 1.5 at 200~1000MHz
2005/11/323
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennaspiral antenna (circular polarization antenna)
Archimedean spiral antenna Conical spiral antenna Quad line conical spiral antenna
Axial direction excitation
Side directional excitation
Electric wave radiate vertical direction to spiral plane.Input impedance 150~170Ω
Stable frequencycan change direction to axial or side by the way of excitation of 4 lines.
advantage: stable characteristics for wide bandwidth as circular polarization antennadisadvantage: need feeder circuit (ultra wide band balun) for antenna structure
2005/11/324
200
150
245
Variety and principle of ultra wide band antennadouble ridge horn antenna (directional antenna)
Wide bandwidth by double ridge structure
1~18GHz → less than VSWR3gain → +4.5dBi(@1GHz)
~+14dBi(@16GHz)
Used for transmitting antenna of antenna measurement
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VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)Evaluation of antenna characteristics
Network analyzerAntenna
under test
Important reminder for test・when you test antenna, it radiates electric wave. So set antenna up awayfrom metal or human body etc. for unaffected.
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Transmitting horn antenna
Antenna under test
NETWORK ANALIZER
Standard dipole antenna
Antenna under test
Quiet ZoneTurn table
Anechoic chamber
Evaluation of antenna characteristics gain and radiation pattern
Absolute gain2.15dBi
Electric wave absorber were put on all six sides
2005/11/327
Pt(dBm)Prs(dBm) Gs(dBi) Pt(dBm)Prt(dBm) Gt(dBi)
Φ=0°
Φ=90°
Φ=180°
Φ=270° Gain(dBi)
Evaluation of antenna characteristicsgain and radiation pattern
Anechoic chamber
Standard antennae.g. Standard dipole antenna
Transmitting antennae.g. Double ridge horn antenna Measured antenna Transmitting antenna
e.g. Double ridge horn antenna
rotation φ
Gain Gt=Prt-Prs+Gs
rotate measurementantenna and plot Gt
Radiation pattern
2005/11/328
31 sensors
antenna under test
rotation
Evaluation of antenna characteristics efficiency
3D radiation pattern by antenna near field measurement system
Measuring antenna efficiency
Integration value of 3DRadiation pattern is the antenna efficiency.
2005/11/329
RF-Amp
Evaluation of antenna characteristics group delay
Anechoic chamber
UWB antenna
double ridge horn antenna
measure delay of S21 characteristics Example of measurement
2005/11/330
Z Y
X
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaanalysis model
Antenna element
ground
Producing condition close to measurement environment
Full-featured CAD, takes about 30 minutes to make model
For improvement of accuracy of analysis
GND affects antenna characteristics and we generate fine mesh manually on GND in advance.
2005/11/331
VSWR
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antenna
Actual measurement resultSimulation result
Almost congruent under no practical issue.
Cable used for measurementmay affect.
cable
2005/11/332
antenna efficiencyantenna efficiency
31 sensors
AUT
rotation
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaantenna efficiency Antenna efficiency was measured by STARGATE in Taiyo Yuden.
Almost congruent underno practical issue.
Actual measurement result
Simulation result
For the feature of antenna that used for measurement,the difference between measurement and simulationmay be error.
2005/11/333
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern(3.1GHz)
2005/11/334
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern(4.0GHz)
2005/11/335
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern(5.0GHz)
2005/11/336
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern(6.5GHz)
2005/11/337
Comparison of simulation values of UWB antennaradiation pattern(7.5GHz)
2005/11/338
3.1GHz 4GHz 5GHz
6.5GHz 7.5GHz
Application of simulation of UWB antenna
field intensity
2005/11/339
3.1GHz ~ 10.6GHz
Antenna characteristics used for UWB system
frequency bandwidth
gain and directivity
will change by application used in specific communication systems
Base station Mobile station(mobile terminal etc.)
Intended specificdirection
Directional antenna(≒10dBi)
Intended widedirection
Within horizontal planeOmni directional antenna(≒3dBi)
Unsettled condition (direction)of equipment
Spherical directional pattern(≒0dBi)
2005/11/340
UWB Antenna
1234567
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency (GHz)
VSW
R
lower VSWRflat gainflat group delay compactlower costomni directional 50Ωimpedance
UWB antenna needs to transmit and receive signal for wide bandwidth.
8 x 6 x 1mmFeaturesShapes & dimensions
VSWR
2005/11/341
Contents
• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development
2005/11/342
Design for Strip line type Filter
rfCLε4
0=
・the length of strip line decide frequency・dielectric constant material can make resonator shorter
Basic design
CL CL Cs≒LC2
1π
=f)π CsL(C2
1'
+=f
Wave shortening design
・possible to miniaturize by parallel capacitance with strip line
2005/11/343
Design for Strip line type Filter
・possible to make trap by circuit structure
Trap design
1st trap 2nd trap
3rd trap
1st resonator 2nd resonator 3rd resonator
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
2000 7000 12000freq.[MHz]
[dB
]
2005/11/344
Design for Strip line type Balun
Unbalance Port
Balance Port
λ/4 ResonatorMain electric characteristics
-Balance Impedance-Insertion loss at pass band-Phase balance-Amplitude balance
・coupling of λ/4 resonator decide bandwidth
rfCLε4
0= ・the length of strip line decide frequency・dielectric constant material can make resonator shorter
2005/11/345
Required performance of RF device for UWB
10dB
BW(-10dB band width) ≧ 1/5 fcor more than 500MHz band width
fc
BW
Transmitting output
frequency
Filter
Balun
-Insertion loss at pass band
-Insertion loss at pass band-Phase imbalance-Amplitude imbalance
need to satisfy electric characteristics of filter and balun with wide bandwidth
<electric characteristics>
2005/11/346
Importance of simulation technologies
traditional :Cut & Try
trial evaluation
3-5 rotation
MPCircuit Simulation CAD
present:Simulation
HFSS Simulation
Specificationarrangement
Short lead time
Save cost
trial evaluation MP
Specification arrangement
2005/11/347
Evaluation Method
Measurement outline
After calibrate with cable terminal and measure S-Parameter of filter with board or SMA connector, cancel board or SMA connector then derive only filter characteristics.
S-parameter data availableDe-embedded
No S-parameter dataEasy to get attenuation characteristics
Cancel of jig loss
DemeritMeritMethod
DUT
N.W.A
2005/11/348
Comparison of simulation and actual measurement value<UWB device>
Comparison by through jig
Transmission characteristics of S11 and S21is congruent.
But・・・
Develop into a gap in Smith’s chart!
Cannot be used as S-Parameter!
simulation_S43-
simulation_S33-
Actual measurement_S21
-
Actual measurement_S11
-
2005/11/349
Port1
Example of structure for De-embedding
Port2
Port1 Port2
Actual measurement data before De-embedding
Simulation result of above
Simulation result of DUT only
Re-create SMA by HFSS
comparison
De-embedding method
Comparison of simulation and actual measurement value<UWB device>
2005/11/350
simulation_S43-
simulation_S33-
Actual measurement_S21
-
Actual measurement_S11
-
Simulation value and actual measurement value is congruent including Smith’s chart.
Comparison by De-embedding
Comparison of simulation and actual measurement value<UWB device>
2005/11/351
Comparison by Balun(De-embedding)
Pass/Attenuation Amplitude imbalance Phase imbalance
As same as BPF, simulation and actual measurement is congruent by De-embedding.
Comparison of simulation and actual measurement value<UWB device>
2005/11/352
Lower insertion loss and higher attenuationSuitable for the first generation UWB chip set (3-5GHz)Smaller sizeLower cost50Ω- input/output
BPF prevents UWB from interfering with mobile phones, GPS, 2.4GHz or 5GHz-Wireless LAN System and also prevents these applications from interfering with UWB.
2.0 x 1.25 x 1.0mm(Max)
UWB-Band Pass Filter (BPF)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000Freq(MHz)
S11/
S21(
dB)
S11S21
FeaturesShapes & dimensions
Electric characteristicss
2005/11/353
Lower insertion loss and higher attenuation at 5GHzSmaller size50Ω- input/output
BEF is essential, for the bandwidths of 5GHz Wireless LAN and UWB are close.It is not enough in attenuation to use only BPF.
UWB-Band Elimination Filter (BEF)
6.3 x 3.0 x 1.1mm(Max)FeaturesShapes & dimensions
Electric characteristicss
2005/11/354
Lower phase error and lower amplitude errorLower insertion loss Suitable for the first and second generation UWB chipsets50:100Ω-impedance
Balun is essential for unbalance (unbalance, single-end) -balance (balance, differential) signal conversion.
3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0mm(Max)FeaturesShapes & dimensions
UWB-Balun
Transmission
-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency (GHz)
Loss
(dB
)
Return LossInsertion Loss
Imbalance
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency (GHz)
Am
plitude
(dB
)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Phas
e (
deg)
Amplitude
Phase
Electric characteristicss
2005/11/355
Lower phase error and lower amplitude errorLower insertion loss Smaller size & Lower cost50:100Ω-impedance
Balun is essential for unbalance (unbalance, single-end) -balance (balance, differential) signal conversion.
UWB-Balun
2.0 x 1.25x 0.9mmFeaturesShapes & dimensions
Electric characteristicss
Freqency Response
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Frequency
Loss
Return LossInsertion Loss
Freqency Response
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Frequency (GHz)
Am
plitude
Imba
lance(d
B)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Phas
e Im
bala
nce (de
g)
Amplitude ImbalancePhase Imbalance
2005/11/356
Contents
• What’s UWB?• Antenna for UWB• Filter & balun for UWB• Future development
2005/11/357
Antenna line up
500MHz 1GHz 2GHz 5GHz
BluetoothBluetooth
W-LAN 11b/gW-LAN 11b/g
2.4GHz
10x4x1mm8x3x1mm 12x2x1mm
Inverted F
2.5x1.6x1.6mm
Monopole
5GHzW-LAN 11aW-LAN 11a
Inverted F
4x2x0.8mm
11x1.6x1.6mm
NEWGPSGPS
Monopole
W-LAN 11a/b/gW-LAN 11a/b/gDual band
10x4x1mm
3~10GHzUWBUWB
Proto
Wide Band Antenna
Inverted F Antenna
Dual Band Antenna
Helical Antenna
2005/11/358
Filter & Balun line up
500MHz 1GHz 2GHz 5GHz
5GHzW-LAN 11aW-LAN 11a
BPF
2.0x1.25x1.0max
BluetoothBluetooth
W-LAN 11b/gW-LAN 11b/g
2.4GHz
2.0x1.25x1.0max2.5x2.0x1.0max
BPF
Balance BPF
MP 2005.8~
2.0x1.25x1.0max
Digital TVDigital TV
LPF
2.0x1.25x1.0max
MP 2005.10~
Balance BPF
2.0x1.25x1.0max
Under Development
1.7~5GHz
UWBUWBBPF Under Development
Balun Under Development
Balun
SL type Filter
Balance Filter
LC type Filter
2005/11/359
Total solution for TAIYO YUDEN’s UWBProviding Total UWB Ecosystem
Antenna & support IC/Firmware/Software
Collaboration
Module
ExpressCardUSB Dongle
Certification Services
Quick introduction to the market
UWB Products
Total solution
RF Passive Components
2005/11/360
Contact informationFor US/EU and other regions :
Mike TanahashiTRDA Inc.Taiyo Yuden R&D Center of Americaemail: [email protected]
For Asia : NOBUAKI SAITOProducts Planning DivisionMarketing HeadquartersJAPAN Taiyo Yudenemail: [email protected]
Hiroshi HommaOverseas Sales DivisionJAPAN Taiyo Yudenemail: [email protected]
2005/11/361
Thank you for your attention.