Simple Vascular Plants
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SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS
Pteridophytes (Ferns)
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Divisions Psilophyta – Whisk ferns Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – horsetails Pteridophyta - ferns
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Not for examinations
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Ferns4
Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants
Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic)
Can asexually reproduce by Rhizomes (underground stems)
Rhizome
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Ferns5
Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves
Roots and stems underground
Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole
Fronds
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the fiddle head coming off the rhizomes.
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Parts of the Fern Sporophyte9
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Have true leaves and roots Leaves are called fronds New leaves are coiled in a bud
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Roots are fibrous Anchor the plant And absorb water and minerals Grow out of the rhizome
(horizontal stem) that grows partially underground
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Have vascular tissue Xylem, tracheids and phloem
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Reproduce by means of spores
Spore cases called sporangia are found on the underside of sporophylls
Sporangia often occur in clusters called sori
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil & germinate into a prothallus (tiny independent gametophyte) that produces gametes Prothallus
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Ferns16
The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage
Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived
Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on gametophyte
Sperm swims to egg to fertilize
Prothallus
Archegonia (eggs)
Antheridia Sperm
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Characteristics of pteridophytes17
Produce motile male gametes Rely on water for fertilisatiom
Fern Prothallus with archegonia Fern sperm cell
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Egg cells are produced in archegonia
Fern Archegonia.
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Uses for Ferns21
Help prevent erosion Fiddleheads are eaten as food Ornamental plants for yards and homes Helped form coal deposits millions of
years ago
EXTRA
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THE END