Simple Machines - NOSE CREEK GRADE...
Transcript of Simple Machines - NOSE CREEK GRADE...
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Simple Machines
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+Simple Machines ! A device that helps make work easier by
accomplishing one or more of the following functions: ! Transferring a force from one place to another. ! Changing the direction of a force. ! Increasing the magnitude of a force. ! Increasing the distance or speed of a force.
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+Simple Machines ! All machines are made up of some of the 6
simple machines: 1. Wheel and axle 2. Pulley 3. Lever 4. Wedge 5. Screw 6. Inclined plane
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+Simple Machines
WHEEL & AXLE �
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+Levers ! Simple machine that changes the amount of force you must
exert in order to move an object.
! It consists of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point.
! Parts: ! Fulcrum – fixed point that supports the lever and point of rotation.
! Effort force – force that you exert on a lever in order to produce action.
! Load – the mass of an object that is moved or lifted by the lever.
! Effort arm – distance between the fulcrum and the effort force.
! Load arm – distance between the fulcrum and the load.
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+Levers
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+Levers ! There are 3 classes:
1. Class 1 – the fulcrum is between the effort and the load.
Example: scissors.
2. Class 2 – the load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
Example: wheelbarrow.
3. Class 3 – the effort is exerted between the fulcrum and the load.
Example: hockey stick.
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+Levers ! Every time you move a finger, arm or toe, you are using a
lever.
! Bones act as levers and each of your joints act as a fulcrum.
! Tendons attach muscles to bones and when the muscle contracts, the tendon exerts a force on the bone.
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+Inclined Plane ! Ramp or slope that reduces the force
needed to lift an object.
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+Wheel & Axle ! Two turning objects attached at their centers.
! One causes the other to turn.
! Variety of shapes and sizes.
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+Gears ! A gear is a rotating wheel with
teeth around its trim.
! Gear Train: ! 2 or more gears.
! Teeth of one fits into another.
! First gear is called the driving gear.
! Second gear is called the driven or following gear.
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+Sprocket ! A gear with teeth that fit into the links of a chain.
! Each link moves the same distance at the same time.
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+Speed Ratio ! Relation between the speed of rotations of the smaller gear and a
larger gear.
Speed Ratio = Number of Driver Gear Teeth
Number of Follower Gear Teeth
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+Pulleys ! A grooved wheel with a rope or chain
running along the grove.
! Two types: ! Fixed Pulley – attached to something that
does not move. ! Can change the direction of the effort
force.
! Moveable Pulley – attached to something (usually rope) that goes around the pulley.
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+Pulleys
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+Pulleys ! Combine pulleys to help life heavy objects.
! Block and Tackle ! Complex pulley system of fixed and movable pulleys
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+Wedge ! Inclined plane used as a tool.
! Used to separate objects or hold objects in place.
! Examples: axe, knife, doorstop.
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+Screw ! Adapted from an inclined plane.
! Inclined plane that winds around a cylinder.
! Used to hold objects together or raise/lower objects.
! Examples: jar lids, light bulbs, clamps, etc.