Simple Machines Group JJ. My Simple Machine The Pulley.

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Simple Machines Group JJ

Transcript of Simple Machines Group JJ. My Simple Machine The Pulley.

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Simple Machines

Group JJ

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My Simple MachineMy Simple Machine

The PulleyThe Pulley

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Definition of PULLEY:Definition of PULLEY:

A simple machine consisting A simple machine consisting essentially of a wheel with a grooved essentially of a wheel with a grooved rim in which a pulled rope or chain rim in which a pulled rope or chain can run to change the direction of can run to change the direction of the pull and thereby lift a load. the pull and thereby lift a load.

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Pulley Pic. 1Pulley Pic. 1

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Pulley Pic. 2Pulley Pic. 2

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Compound MachineCompound Machine(with pulley)(with pulley)

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Compound Machine 2Compound Machine 2

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Compound Machine 3Compound Machine 3

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Resources Resources

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulleyPulley library.thinkquest.org/27948/library.thinkquest.org/27948/pulleypulley.html.html

library.thinkquest.org/J002079F/library.thinkquest.org/J002079F/pulleypulley.htm.htm

www.howstuffworks.com/www.howstuffworks.com/pulleypulley.htm.htm www.coe.uh.edu/archive/science/www.coe.uh.edu/archive/science/science_lessons/scienceles1/science_lessons/scienceles1/pulleypulley.htm.htm

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Inclined Inclined PlanePlane

By: Amber Schaeffer ( :Pd. 12

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• What is it?– An inclined plane is a flat surface whose

endpoints are at different heights– A slanted surface that raises an object.– When an inclined plane is used, less force is

needed than if an object would go straight up.

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Ex. 1 - RampsEx. 1 - Ramps

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Ex. 2 -ChutesEx. 2 -Chutes

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Ex. 3 - SlidesEx. 3 - Slides

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Equations & ExamplesEquations & Examples• The equation for the mechanical

advantage (MA) is MA=s/h

S H

S = slope

H = height

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Equations & Examples Equations & Examples 22

• To find the magnitude of two components you use:

Fu = mg(sin )

Fu F

F = mg(cos )

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Sources UsedSources Used• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclined_plane• http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/Science/

sciber00/8th/machines/sciber/machine2.htm• http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/

agscience/simpmach.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

mechanical_advantage• http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/

Phys/Class/vectors/u3l3e.html

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Simple Machines:Lever

Alicia SnyderPd. 12

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LEVERSLEVERS

A lever is a simple A lever is a simple machine that machine that makes work easier.makes work easier.

Levers involve Levers involve moving a load moving a load around a pivot around a pivot using a force.using a force.

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ORDERS/CLASSES

• In a Type 1 Lever, the pivot (fulcrum) is between the effort and the load.

• In a Type 2 Lever, the load is between the pivot (fulcrum) and the effort.

• In a Type 3 Lever, the effort is between the pivot (fulcrum) and the load.

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Mechanical Advantage

• The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length of the lever on the applied force side of the fulcrum to the length of the lever on the resistance force side of the fulcrum.– Mechanical Advantage=

Effort Arm/Resistance Arm

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Example of Example of Mechanical AdvantageMechanical Advantage

10:110:1

Resistance ArmResistance Arm Effort ArmEffort Arm

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Compound machines

• Wheel Barrel:– Lever– Wheel and Axle

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Compound Machines

• Scissors:– Lever– Screw– Wedge

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Compound machines

• Bicycle– Screws – Wheel and axle– Lever– Pulley

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Bibliography

• http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/simpmach.htm used this site for mechanical advantage

• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics.macnines/Levers.shtml used this site for classes and definition of a lever

• http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210120/Compound%20machine.html used for compound machines

• http://www.technologystudent.com/forcmom/lever1.htm ^ used to find levels of levers

• http://library.thinkquest.org/J002079F/lever.htm ^found info on levers

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Simple MachinesThe Screw

Kati MyersPd. 122/26/2009

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What is a screw?

A screw is actually an inclined plane that is wrapped around a cylinder and has a wedge at the tip. The incline plane is the thread that goes all the way around the screw. They are typically used to hold things together.

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Mechanical Advantage and Equations Since there is a lot of friction

the ideal mechanical advantage doesn’t mean much. But in order to lift heavy items or when needing to hold things together, the screw is of great advantage.

Equation = Circumference --------------------

Pitch

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Change in force

A screw requires a small force when turning, in order to overcome a larger amount of resistance force.

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Mechanical Advantage Problem For example, suppose a screw with 12 threads per inch is turned by a screwdriver having

a handle with a diameter of 1 inch. The mechanical advantage would be calculated as follows:

First, determine the pitch of the screw...

Pitch = 1 = 1 = .083 12 threads/inch of screw 12

Second, determine the circumference of the handle of the screwdriver...

Circumference = 3.14 x diameter = 3.14 x 1 = 3.14 inches

Finally, insert the values obtained into the formula and solve the equation...

Mechanical Advantage = Circumference = 3.14 inches = 37.83 Pitch .083

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Pencil Sharpener

Screw Incline Wedge

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Bicycle

Screw Wheel and Axle Pulley Lever

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Cork Screw

Screw Lever Wheel and Axle

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Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_(simple_machine) Explained how my simple machine works.

http://www.weirdrichard.com/screw.htm Allowed me to see how a screw can change forces.

http://www.mikids.com/Smachines.htm Gave different examples of what a screw is.

http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/simpmach.htm Helped out when I needed to make up my own mechanical

advantage problem. http://science.jrank.org/pages/4058/Machines-Simple-

Screws.html Provided good information explaining what a screw is

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Simple Machines:Simple Machines:WEDGEWEDGE

Lisa ClayLisa Clay

Period 12Period 12

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What is a wedge and it’s What is a wedge and it’s advantage?advantage?

The wedge is the The wedge is the active twin of an active twin of an inclined plane inclined plane

This simple machine This simple machine consists of a consists of a pairpair of of inclined planes set inclined planes set face-to-face, that can face-to-face, that can sustain relative sliding sustain relative sliding or rolling motion. or rolling motion. Which makes it an Which makes it an advantage for a advantage for a controlled and precise controlled and precise motion motion

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How does a wedge change the How does a wedge change the force?force?

The purpose or The purpose or advantage of the advantage of the wedge is to change the wedge is to change the direction of the applied direction of the applied force. When the force force. When the force is applied downward is applied downward on a wedge, it is able on a wedge, it is able to push outward in two to push outward in two directions directions

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Equation that shows mechanical Equation that shows mechanical advantage of a Wedge!advantage of a Wedge!

• MA= L / W• To solve the equation to find the mechanical

advantage of a wedge you have to take the ratio to its length to the ratio of its width

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Example of Mechanical AdvantageExample of Mechanical Advantage

MA=L / WMA=L / W MA=12/4MA=12/4 MA=3MA=3

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Compound Machine #1- Compound Machine #1- BoatBoat

The wedge is located The wedge is located that the front of the that the front of the boat, where the boat boat, where the boat actually splits the actually splits the water to let it glide.water to let it glide.

A pulley is also A pulley is also located in the boat located in the boat which turns the which turns the wheels. Which wheels. Which makes a boat a makes a boat a compound machine. compound machine.

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Compound Machine #2- FanCompound Machine #2- Fan

The blades in The blades in which cut the air as which cut the air as it spins is acting as it spins is acting as a wedgea wedge

There is a wheel There is a wheel and axel in which and axel in which makes the fan spin. makes the fan spin. Which considers it Which considers it a compound a compound machinemachine

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Compound Machine #3- Shovel

The metal in which spits the ground as it shovels serves as the wedgeThe handle in which sticks out from the wedge serves as a lever which makes a shovel a compound machine

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Websites Used

• http://www.weirdrichard.com/wedge.htm• http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/englis

h/schoolzone/Info_Simple_Machines2.cfm• http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/M

echanics/incline.html• http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/elemsci/gr5u• http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/

simpmach.htm

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Wheel and Axle

By: Dakotah Kurtz

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What is it?

Well, the simple machine “Wheel and Axle,” consists of a large wheel, attached to a smaller wheel. Then, you can turn the smaller wheel, making the big wheel cover more distance. Or, if you turn the big wheel, it takes less force, but requires more motion.

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Mechanical Advantage

The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is equal to the rotation of the radius of the wheel to the radius of an axle.

The equation for the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the size of the wheel to the size of the axle.

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Ideal Mechanical Advantage

The wheel and axle changes the rate at which force is applied. If the force is applied to the axle, more force is required, but the distance traveled is greater. And vice – versa.

M.A. = RadiusWheel/RadiusAxle As the small wheel turns, the big wheel turns

at the same revolutions, but with the big wheel, that is a bigger distance. =]

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Car

The simple machines in a car are the wheel and axle, the levers, the pulleys, and probably more.

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Fans!

A fan is a complex machine that uses a wheel and axle. The axle is the small cylinder that comes down from the ceiling. The wheel are is made up of the blades

Of the fan. It also uses a

wedge to slice the air and

pulleys in the motor.

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Wheel Barrow!

A wheel barrow is a complex machine that uses a wheel and axle.

It also uses a lever when you

lift the handle. The wheel

then acts as a fulcrum.

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Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbarrow http://www.bigassfans.com/ http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber

00/8th/machines/sciber/machine7.htm http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/wh

eel/andaxle.html http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210120/wheel

%20and%20axle.html