Simple

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Form Subject

Verb Example

Present Tense I sleep I sleep at 11 o’clock every night.

Past Tense I slept I slept at 11 p.m. last night.

Verb ending in...How to make the 3rd person singular

Example

s Add -ES He passes

z Add -ES She dozes

sh Add -ES She wishes

ch Add -ES He watches

consonant + y Change Y to I, then add -ES

It flies

[anything else] Add -S He sings

Form Subject

Verb Example

Present Tense I am + cook + (ing)

Right now I am cooking supper.

Past Tense I was + cook + (ing)

I was cooking when he arrived.

* I started cooking at 8 a.m., then he arrived at maybe 9 a.m., and I finished cooking half an hour later.

Form Subject

Auxiliary Verb

Past Participle

Example

Present Perfect

Women have voted Women have voted in presidential elections since 1921.

Past Perfect

The war

had ended By the time the troops arrived, the war had ended.

We use the Present Perfect tense with time references that refer to the time up to now. For example: today, this week, this month, ever, never, already, recently, yet etc.

Form Subject

Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb

Main verb Time frame/Object

Present

I YouWeIt

havehavehave nothas

beenbeenbeenbeen

waitingtalkingplaying raining

for an hour.too much.football. * Has it been raining for days?

Past We had been thinking about buying a new house but then we decided to stay here.

***The Past Perfect emphasizes completion (or the result of a completed action) while the Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration or activity of an action.Example : By the time we arrived, he had left the house. By the time we arrived, he had been playing poker for 2 hours.

Present Perfect Continuous1. There is a connection with the present and (now).

E.g., You don’t understand (now) because you haven’t been listening.

She has been reading for hours. = started 2 hours ago and still reading.

Past Perfect Continuous1. We use it to say what had been happening before something

else happened.E.g., It had been snowing for a while before we left. We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining.

He was out of breath when he arrived because he had been running.

2. We use it when reporting things said in the past.E.g., She said she had been trying to call me all day. They said they had been shopping.

I told you I had been looking for some new clothes.

1. The girls ate the pizza. (active)The pizza was eaten by the girls. (passive)

2. I cleaned the house, I fed the fish, and then I broke the expensive vase.The house was cleaned, the fish were fed, and then the expensive vase was broken. (passive)

3. Someone stole my car yesterday. (active)My car was stolen yesterday. (passive)

4. Someone kidnapped her. (active)She was kidnapped. (passive)

Incidents of tragedy, accident or violence

Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice

Simple Marcel cooks spicy food...Marcel cooked the meal...Marcel will cook the meal…

Spicy food is cooked...The meal was cooked...The meal will be cooked…

Continuous Someone in this class is taking...Someone in this class was taking...Someone in this class will be taking…

Notes are being taken...Notes were being taken...Notes will be being taken…

Perfect Jordan has cooked...Jordan had cooked...Jordan will have cooked…

Curries have been cooked…Curries had been cooked...Curries will have been cooked…

Perfect Continuous

Jim has been studying...Jim had been studying...Jim will have been studying…

It has been being studied..It had been being studied..It will have been being studied…