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SASIns'tuteIncvWorldProgrammingLtd

SimonMalynicz,HogarthChambers

12January2011

FastLegalAdvisoryGroup(FLAG)Mee7ng

HouseofCommons

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Thefacts:-Csso>wareandtheSASLanguage

-Dsso>ware,WPS,ranuserapplica7onswrienin

SASLanguage

-DdidthisbystudyingCsso>ware(SASLearningEdi7on)aswellaspublishedSASmanuals

-noaccesstoSASsourcecodeandnorecompila7on

ofobjectcode

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SASallegedinfringementcopyrightofthemanualsvia

-thecrea7onofWPS;and

-byDscrea7ngtheirownWPSmanualsandquickreference

guides

SASallegedinfringementofcopyrightintheSASso>warevia

-indirectlybycopyingtheSASmanuals;and

-directlybyusingtheSASLearningEdi7onproductinbreachof

itslicenceterms

ArnoldheldthattheDshadinfringedcopyrightintheSASmanualsbut

notinthequickreferenceguides

-remainderofclaimsraisedissuessuitableforareferencetotheCJEU

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OntheSo>wareDirec've,ArnoldJaskedques7onsabout:

-WhetherAr7cle1(2)istobeinterpretedthatitisnotan

infringementofthecopyrighttoreplicatefunc7onsofthe

programifyoudonothaveaccesstothesourcecode

(backgroundtothisques7on:Easyjetv.Navitaire)

-anumberofancillaryques7ons,aboutfactorsaffec7ngthis

assessment,suchasthenature/extentofthefunc7onality,the

levelofskill,thelevelofdetailinvolved

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-furtherques7onsaboutwhetheritisaninfringementtoexecuteapplica7ons

usingthesamekeywordsorsyntaxastheSASlanguage

-furtherques7onaboutwhetheritisaninfringementfortheDslanguageto

bewriensoastoreadfromandwritetodatafilesinthesameformat

-relevanceofobserving,studyingandtes7ngfunc7onsofCsso>ware,or

readingtheirmanual

-interpreta7onofAr7cle5(3)andanyrighttoanylicenseetoperformactsof

loading,runningandstoringtheprograminordertoobserve,testorstudy

thefunc7oning

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OntheInforma'onSocietyDirec've,ArnoldJaskedques7onsaboutcopyrightinthemanual:

-IsitaninfringementofcopyrightunderAr7cle2(a)inthemanualto

reproduceorsubstan7allyreproduce:

(a)theselec7onofsta7s7calopera7onswhichhavebeen

implementedintheFirstProgram;

(b)themathema7calformulaeusedintheManualtodescribethose

opera7ons;

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(c)thepar7cularcommandsorcombina7onsofcommandsbywhichthoseopera7onsmaybeinvoked;

(d)theop7onswhichtheauthorhasprovidedinrespectofvarious

commands;

(e)thekeywordsandsyntaxrecognisedbytheprogram;

(f)thedefaultswhichtheauthorhaschosentoimplementintheevent

thatapar7cularcommandorop7onisnotspecifiedbytheuser;

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(g)thenumberofitera7onswhichtheprogramwillperformin

certaincircumstances?

IsAr7cle2(a)tobeinterpretedasmeaningthatitisan

infringementofthecopyrightintheManualfortheauthoroftheSecondProgramtoreproduceorsubstan7allyreproduceina

manualdescribingtheSecondProgramthekeywordsandsyntax

recognisedbytheFirstProgram?

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Arnoldalsomadeclearhisviewsoneachoftheclaims:

-agreedwithPumfreyJinEasyjetv.Navitairethatfunc7onality,interfacesandprogramminglanguageallfellfouloftheidea/

expressiondichotomy

-SASLanguagewasaprogramminglanguageandthereforeno

infringement

-SASdatafileformatswereinterfacesandthereforewerenot

copyright

-reproduc7onbyDsofthefunc7onalitywasnotinfringing:seealso

Novav.MazoomaintheCourtofAppeal

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-asforthemanuals,nocopyrightinfringementoftheso>ware

byusingthemanualasthewayofaccessingthefunc7onality;

-howevertherewasinfringementofthecopyrightinthe

manualsthemselvesinaccordancewiththeInfopaqcase.

-DshadanAr7cle5(3)defenceretheLearningEdi7onlicence

inthatitwasabletoobserve,studyandtestevenifthe

licencedidnotallowittoprovisionscouldnotbecontracted

outof.

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Comment

-PendingCJEUreference,safestcoursetofollowArnolds

provisionalviewsontheanswerstothereferredques7ons

-Fornowdoub_ulthatcopyrightextendstotheprogramming

languageandtotheinterfaceandfunc7onalityofprograms.

aMerTradeMark

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THANKSFORYOURATTENTION