Simmons "Development of Future Management Options for the Hawkesbury River
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Transcript of Simmons "Development of Future Management Options for the Hawkesbury River
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1
DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR THE HAWKESBURY RIVER
Associate Professor Bruce Simmons, Dr Uthpala Pinto, Dr Jennifer Scott and
Professor Basant Maheshwari University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia, Ku-ring-gai Council, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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The Hawkesbury River StoryA history of development, impact and response.
Development
River Impacts
Community Concerns
Community Responses
Outcomes
Evaluation
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Sydney’s Population Growth (based on Flood 2003 and ABS 2013)
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 21000
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Year
Population
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Development and River Impacts.
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The Hawkesbury River – Development PatternsTime Flow Development Activity
1793-50
Flood till 1820 drought
Early European Settlement
Food Production, River Transport, Macquarie Towns
1850-1900
Flood Opening up of Catchment
Road, Rail, Clearing, Farming, Grazing
1900-1950
Drought Water Supply Dam Building,Irrigation
1950-1990
Flood Growth of Sydney
Instream Aggregate Extraction
1990- Drought Expansion of Sydney
Urbanisation
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The first 22 farms on the Hawkesbury River, 1794 (in Barkley & Nichols, 1994, attributed to University of Sydney Cartography).
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The Settlement on Green Hills, Hawkesbury River, NSW 1809(watercolour attributed to George William Evans. Original held at State Library of NSW)
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Land Clearing (Pictorial History Hawkesbury Publ.)
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The Purple Noon’s Transparent Might (a painting of Freemans Reach by Arthur Streeton 1896. Original held by the
National Gallery of Victoria
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Dam Building 1900-1960 Warragamba Dam Sydney Morning Herald February 10, 2008. photo: Anthony Johnson.
www.smh.com.au/.../2008/02/09/1202234227091.html
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DredgingMean depth of the Hawkesbury River (SPCC 1984)
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Riverbank collapse at North Richmond 1967(photo RAAF Richmond, in Barkley & Nichols 1994)
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River Bank Collapse at WindsorCouncillor Ted Books WISER Community Consultation Presentation 2007
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Nutrient Pollution. Ortho-phosphorus concentrations
Hawkesbury River in the 1940s and 1979–81 (SPCC 1983)
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Blue-green algal bloom at Windsor (SPCC 1984)
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Egeria densa beds in the Nepean River (photo Simmons 1996)
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Responses of the Hawkesbury River to Human Activity
Time Activity Response Indicators1893-1850
Farming, River trade
Bank erosion NavigationBank collapse
1850-1900
LandClearance
Extensive siltation
Navigation Shoaling
1900-1950
Dams, irrigation.
Flood scouring, reduced flows
Bank collapse. Flow records.
1950-1990
Extraction STW eff.
Bank scouring, WQ, ecology
Change in Depth Increased nutrients
1990- Urban Dev Recreation
Turbidity, Nutrients.
Aquatic weed problems
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Community concerns and responses.
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A Chronology of Community Concerns
These include: River bank clearance 1800s • Silting and navigation issues 1880s• Sewage Pollution (Health) 1900s• Turbidity 1930s• Noxious weeds 1940s• Algal Blooms (Blue Green) 1980s• Weed Blooms 1990s
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Hawkesbury River First Recorded Management Response (1803)
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Recent actions to improve waterway quality of the Hawkesbury River include:
Policies/Acts/RegulationsSydney REP No. 20-Hawkesbury-Nepean River (No. 2-1997)
Hawkesbury-Nepean River Act 2009 No. 14 (repealed 2012)
Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Trust Regulation (1999-2003)
Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003
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Recent actions to improve waterway quality of the Hawkesbury River include:
Organisations Established1983 Joint Councils Hawkesbury River Committee1989 Nepean-Hawkesbury River Catchment Management Committee1993 Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Trust2006-2011 Office of Hawkesbury-Nepean
2011-2013 Hawkesbury Nepean CMA now part of Sydney CMA
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Recent strategies/programs to improve waterway quality of the Hawkesbury River include:
1986 Nutrient Removal Program - (MWS&DB)1996 Phosphorus Action Program HNCMT1997 Erosion & sediment control program HNCMT
2001 Strategic Management Plan for the H-N Catchment & River System. (By HNCMT).2006 River restoration project. HNCMT. (Erosion, bank restoration)2007 H/N Catchment Weed Management Strategy OHN2009 Hawkesbury Nepean River Recovery Program. OHN2012-2023 Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Action Plan. HNCMA
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Outcomes
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Control of Nutrient Pollution
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Nutrient Data, Wilberforce mg/l (CSIRO, SPCC, SCA)
Nitrogen Total (mg/L) Phosphorus Total (mg/L)
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Control of Nutrient Pollution
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Suspended Materials, Wilberforce (SPCC, SCA)
Chlorophyll-a (ug/L) Suspended Solids (mg/L)
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Summary
Time Event Response Status
1793-50
Bank Clearance
Collapse Continuing
1850-1900
Catchment Clearance
Sedimentation Largely Stable
1900-1950
Dam Construction
Bank ErosionFlow impact
Status quo
1950-1990- 2030-
Urban Growth Sewage PollutionUrban Runoff
Controlled?
Expanding
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Post-European settlement of Sydney. Department of Planning and Infrastructure (2006). ‘Draft Sydney Metropolitan Strategy 2006’).
Pre 1917. 1917-1945. 1945-76. 1976-2005. 2005-
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Conclusions• Responses in waterway condition can be linked
to catchment activities and actions to improve river health.
• Many actions or management practices have not been or are not capable of assessment.
• The development of a framework to assess future management proposals for protection and remediation is recommended.
• This should include: 1. capability of benefit cost assessment 2. investigation of legal rights for the river .
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Thankyou