Silviculture for Smallholders: improving local forestry value chains
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Transcript of Silviculture for Smallholders: improving local forestry value chains
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Silviculture for Smallholders improving local forestry value chains
James M Roshetko, ICRAF Agroforestry Systems Scientist and Leader Trees and Markets Unit SEA
Forum: Equitable development:
Improving livelihoods benefits for smallholders in the forestry value chain
Forests Asia Summit, Shangri-La Hotel, Jakarta 5-6 May 2014
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Indonesia contributors
Vietnam contributors
CSIRO Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science
Funded smallholder forestry research
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Smallholder – key producers of timber & NTFPs!! • Indonesian smallholders produce 80% of the teak timber used by small & medium furniture producers and … • … key producers of rattan, forest honey, sandalwood, gaharu, damar, benzoin, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, candlenut, rubber, cacao, coffee, oil palm and tea ... • management skills sub-optimal ... limited access to relevant technical information, effective extension services, and market information .. Address needs participatory research approach
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• Why do they plant teak? - 54% as family savings (teak is a living bank account) - 23% as cultural heritage - only 15% to maximize income
• Prefer Mixed Systems : - four types of teak systems (monoculture - mix tree garden) - ↓ risk; ↑ diverse crops, products & income for home; sustain good environment - tebang butuh – cut for needs
• Farmers want: - better silviculture management - access to quality germplasm, - access to market information - expand intercropping - retain ‘tebang butuh’
Understanding Farmers Systems …
55.90%
11.30%
7.40%
5.80%
4.00%
2.40%
1.40%
1.20%
1.10% 0.90%
0.80%
0.70% 0.50%
0.10%
6.50%
Jati
Mahoni
Lamtoro
Akasia
Tayuman
Gleresede
Melinjo
Turi
Johar
Kelapa
Mangga
Jambu mete Teak - 56% trees
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Farmer Silviculture
• Regeneration: 72% wildlings, 30% local seedling, 20% coppice, 12% improved germ.
• Pruning: 65% farms, 55% trees – yield fuelwood, 10-15 cm stub
• Thinning: 57% thinning (but really harvesting biggest trees)
• Coppice: no thinning • Not management for
improving production /growth
Poor silviculture practices! → Farmers teak systems … overstock, slow growing, low quality, low productivity
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Farmer Demo Trials (FDTs)
• 6 Locations • Trees 5-6 years old • FDT Treatments
- Thinning: i) control, ii) maximum 40-45% (target 4x4m – 625 trees/ha) - Pruning: i) control; ii) 50% total height; & iii) 60% total height - Singling: i) control; & ii) ‘singling’
• Monitored every 6 months
Results (+ 2 yrs) • Thinning & Pruning:
Rainy season growth increment ↑, dry season no sig. increase
• Thinning- Pruning 60%: DBH 60% ↑, height 124% ↑
• Singling Treatment: Thinning versus No Thinning: DBH 45% ↑, height 80% ↑
• Good results – farmer real conditions
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0.7
Sep08-May09 May09-Nov09 Nov09-May10 May10-Nov10
Dia
me
ter
incr
em
en
t (c
m)
NP_NT
NP_T
P50_NT
P50_T
P60_NT
P60_T
Recommendations (FDTs & Surveys) - Use better quality germplasm - Thin coppice - Thinning stands to medium stocking (625 trees / ha ) - Pruning 60% of total height, do not leave branch stubs
- No thinning trees/stands quality ↓ - Leaving branch stub tree quality ↓
Activities • Field manual • Trainings (extension staff & farmers) • Cross-visits • Pruning tools to farmer groups • Meetings gov.
Impacts Independent assessment
• Project area 70% farmer ↑knowledge , 50% adopt, & 30% disseminate to others
• Outside area 30% farmer ↑knowledge, 20% adopt, & 15% disseminate to others
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0.
6.5
13.
19.5
26.
32.5
0 10 50 150
Ste
m v
olu
me (
m3/h
a)
P level (kg/ha)
Niru75 Niru79 Niru232 Gmg119
Fertilizer application at planting • Forest soils in Vietnam are generally lacking in P • 50 kg P ha-1 based on responses to P found in Indonesia • Responses to P application apparent all sites • P supply linked to N fixation • Growth rate at thinning will determine thinning response
Species: Acacia hybrid
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Form pruning • Acacia hybrid has very high
growth rates • Multi-stems are common
first few months after planting
• Stock type and growth rate can affect branch size
• Timely form pruning essential to allow the retained leader to rapidly establish apical dominance
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Stock type • Acacia hybrid planting stock
most commonly produced from clonal hedges
• Hedge age is associated with loss of vigour and dominance
• Tip cuttings are anticipated to have greater apical dominance
• The effect of clone type on expression of form is unknown
More Research
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Key message
• Smallholders key producers of timber & NTFP
• Systems have positive impacts on sustainable lanadscapes, support farmers livelihoods, source of industrial timber
• Participatory research agenda (farmers,
researchers, government, etc) to address smallholders management needs and guide investment in research and development
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The World Agroforestry Centre United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P.O Box 30677 Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Phone: +254 20 722 4000 Fax: +254 20 722 4001 Email: [email protected] Web: www.worldagroforestry.org
Terima Kasih!!!