Silos, mousetraps, and islands a chronicle of information systems in organizations.
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Transcript of Silos, mousetraps, and islands a chronicle of information systems in organizations.
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Silos, mousetraps, and islands
a chronicle of information systems in organizations
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objectives develop sense of context for:
organizations information technology information systems
describe some of advances and failures of the old context
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why organize? division of labor
manage complexity achieve mastery reduce switching costs reduce training costs increase scalability
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A single, unified task…
…naturally divides into subtasks
specialization & control
resulting in task specialization
and increased need for control
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coordinating mechanisms mutual adjustment direct supervision standardization of tasks standardization of outputs standardization of skills
Mintzberg, 1979
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3 PEOPLE = 3 CHANNELS
6 PEOPLE = 6 CHANNELS???
6 PEOPLE = 15 CHANNELS
12 PEOPLE = ???
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functional organization
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divisionalized form
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Mintzberg’s form
strategicapex
operating core
middleline support
stafftechno-
structure
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the flow of formal authority
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the flow of regulated activity
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the flow of informal communication
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set of work constellations
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an organizational mess
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failure to integrate focus on task and individual over process and
team grouping by function discourages lacks built-in mechanism for coordinating
process flows coordination problems rise to level to far from
origin loss of big picture; overall performance hard
to track
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Moore’s Law
1995
10K
100K
1M
10Mtransistors
500
25
1.0
0.1
mips
1975 19851980 1990
40048080
808680286
8038680486
Merced
Pentium
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generations 1st – vacuum tubes 2nd – transistors 3rd – integrated circuits 4th – large-scale integration
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failure to communicate connectivity is more than technical
issue organizational inertia and legacy
systems standards cut both ways responsiveness is remote
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connectivity / responsivenessre
spon
sive
ness
/ u
sabi
lity
mainframe PC / LAN Internet
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IS management eras Era I – the glass house; regulated
monopoly; focus on efficiency & productivity
Era II – proliferation of PCs; free market; focus on individual & group effectiveness
Era III – network is computer; ubiquity; focus on integration & value creation
Applegate et al, 1999
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classification of ISstrategic
apex
operating core
middleline support
stafftechno-
structure
executive IS
geographic IS
decision support
factoryautomation
(CIM)
artificial intelligence
transaction processing
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failure to allocate imbalance in distribution:
centralize/decentralize duplication of data in functional IS technical divide
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summary developed sense of context for:
organizations information technology information systems
described some of advances and failures of the old context