Silicon Nanowires Research Report

8/9/2019 Silicon Nanowires Research Report

1/30

coVE OIODQERCV

Vfileoa Velefdo Jc~efcvZdqirjv z`c Izdmef Vfilc

Hdò Ilfdfg (;;3910;9%

Vrejìr Bslsvs (;;3;0900%Izìr~i Eoimjir (;;39221;%

êvìoz` Oiriuio (;;393;05%

Vìv`qiz Vi{rc (;;392>33%

Ile Vìj (;;3;19>1%

Grevòi Qèzc (;;3925;0%

Vs{cr~evdr8 Jr X/ Jsrrioe

2m

Iv èa`cr {crndrmiofc ev jcmiojcj nrdm vmillcr ioj

vmillcr jc~efcv, rcvcirf` eozd oiodvfilc fdm{docozvev dn db~edsv eozcrcvz/ Iv i rcvslz, miou jc~efcv irc eo

z`c {rdfcvv dn bceoa vfilcj zd izdmef vexcv qez` z`c

svc dn velefdo oiodqercv (VeOQv%/ Z`cvc eoflsjc NCZv,

vcovdrv ioj fdm{lczc ldaef ferfsezv/ Liracr vfilc

jc~efcv, vsf` iv vdlir {ioclv ioj lezèsm edo bizzcrecv,

miu ilvd bcocnez nrdm i vc~cril-ndlj eofrcivc eo

cnnefecofu ioj fi{ifezu q`co fdovzrsfzcj qez`

oiodqercv, z`dsa` zèv zcfòdldau ev fsrrcozlu iz z`c

cp{cremcozil vziac/


2/30

[ i a c 2 d n 6 ;

Fdozcozv

9 Eozrdjsfzedo 6

2 Velefdo Oiodqerc Vuoz`cvev :

2/9 F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo :

2/2 [livmi-Coìofcj F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo 3

2/6 î{dsr-Leysej-Vdlej [rdfcvv 3

2/: F`cmefil Czfèoa >

2/3 Livcr Ivvevzcj Fiziluzef Ardqz` Mcz`dj 1

6 Neclj Cnncfz Zriovevzdrv 0

6/9 Velefdo Oiodqerc NCZ Fìrifzcrevzefv 5

6/9/9 Mslze{lc-Lc~cl NCZv bu INM Oiodlez`dari{ù 5

6/9/2 :om Fìoocl Qejz` NCZv bu INM Oiodlez`dari{ù 9;

6/9/6 Eozcariziblc Oiodqerc Zriovevzdrv 9;

: Odo-^dlizelc Mcmdru sveoa Mdlcfslc-Aizcj Oiodqercv 92

:/9 Oiodqerc Bivcj Odo-^dlizelc Jc~efc 96

:/2 Frdvvcj Oiodqerc Odo-^dlizelc Jc~efc 9:

3 Oiodvcovdrv Jczcfzedo dn JOI . JOI Vcyscofc îreizedov 9>

3/9 Jc~efc Nibrefizedo 9>

3/2 Vcoveoa Mcfìoevm 91

> Lezèsm Bizzcrecv qez` Velefdo Oiodqerc Iodjcv 95

>/9 Velefdo Oiodqercv iv Iodjc Mizcreilv 95

1 Vdlir Fcllv sveoa Velefdo Oiodqercv 22

1/9 D{crizedo 22

1/9/9Jenncrcofc Bczqcco Oiodrdj Irriu ioj [lioir

[`dzdclcfzrdjcv

26

1/2 Ibvdr{zedo eo Velefdo Oiodqerc Irriuv 26

1/6 Velefdo Oiodqerc Jc~efcv ndr [`dzd~dlziefv 2:

1/: Vliozeoalu-Ileaocj Velefdo Oiodqerc Irriuv 2:

1/3 Veoalc Ipeil {-e-o Oiodqercv ndr Vdlir Cocrau @ir~cvzeoa 23

0 Fdoflsvedo 21

5 Rcncrcofcv 20


3/30

[ i a c 6 d n 6 ;

9/Eozrdjsfzedo

Z`c jcmioj ndr fdm{ifz, mslzensofzedoil jc~efcv ìv bcco ardqeoa iz io emmcovc rizc, {szzeoa

{rcvvsrc do miosnifzsrcrv zd nez mdrc {dqcrnsl clcfzrdoef ferfsezv eozd c~cr vmillcr {ifgiacv/

@dqc~cr, qèlc Mddrcv Liq ìv vd nir bcco i rcleiblc mcivsrc dn zèv {rdarcvv, qc irc ri{ejlu

i{{rdifèoa z`c lemezv dn fsrrcoz miosnifzsreoa mcz`djv/

Vdlszedov eo~dl~eoa oiodzcfòdldau v{cfenefillu, oiodzsbcv ioj oiodqercv ev io irci dn codrmdsv

eozcrcvz iv z`c bdsojirecv dn miosnifzsreoa irc {sv`cj c~co nsrz`cr/ Iv z`c oimc vsaacvzv,

oiodqercv irc qercv qez` jemcovedov dn z`c drjcr dn oiodmczrcv/ Ilz`dsa` msf` rcvcirf` ìv

ilrciju bcco fdojsfzcj do firbdo-bivcj oiodzsbcv (FOZv% ioj oiodqercv (FOQv%, rcfcozlu z`c

jercfzedo dn vzsju ìv vènzcj zdqirjv eo~cvzeaizedo dn velefdo oiodqercv (VeOQv%/ VeOQv {rcvcoz i

soeysc d{{drzsoezu zd nibrefizc bivef clcfzrdoef fdm{docozv vsf` iv Neclj Cnncfz Zriovevzdrv (NCZv%

qez` oiodvfilc jemcovedov/ Z`c em{lefizedov dn zèv rcvcirf` irc veaoenefioz8 nszsrc {rdfcvveoa soezv

fdslj {dzcozeillu ì~c vc~cril `sojrcj zemcv z`c fsrrcoz zriovevzdr jcovezu, qèlc mefrd- ioj oiod-

vfilc jc~efcv fdslj bc nibrefizcj qez` civc/ D~cr z`c {ivz z`rcc jcfijcv, ij~iofcj cp{cremcozv qez`

{rdarimmiblc ldaef ferfsezv ioj bed-vcovdrv mijc nrdm oiodvfilcj NCZv ì~c ilrciju bcco firrecj

dsz/ Jc~efcv vsf` iv bed-vcovdrv ndr i{{lefizedov eo JOI, ~ersv, ioj bifzcreil jczcfzedo ì~c bcco

mijc vsffcvvnsllu ioj irc bceoa zcvzcj cpzcove~clu/

Z`c svc dn VeOQv ev odz rcvzrefzcj zd oiodmczrc-vfilc clcfzrdoefv/ Liracr jc~efcv, vsf` iv z`dvc

jcveaocj ndr cocrau ìr~cvzeoa ioj vzdriac, miu ilvd bcocnez nrdm z`c zcfòdldau/ Z`c lizcvz VeOQ-

bivcj vdlir fcllv irc fdovejcriblu mdrc fdvz cnncfze~c zìo vdlir fcllv bselz vdlclu qez` fdo~cozedoil

mcz`djv/ Lezèsm edo fcllv, svcj qejclu eo clcfzrdoefv iv i rcvslz dn z`cer èa` fi{ifezu, miu ì~c z`cer

vzdriac fi{ifezu iz lcivz zcondlj VeOQv ì~c io cpzrcmclu lirac fìrac fi{ifezu iz lcoaz`v dn s{ zd

hsvz i ncq `sojrcj oiodmczrcv/ Zèv {i~cv z`c qiu ndr bizzcrecv zìz livz ldoacr, occj lcvv nrcyscoz

fìraeoa ioj ucz irc c~co vmillcr zìo cpevzeoa soezv/

Ez ev em{drzioz zd odzc zìz z`c mcz`dj dn miosnifzsrc veaoenefiozlu inncfzv z`c clcfzrefil fìrifzcrevzefv

dn z`c oiodqercv/ Z`c mdvz fdmmdo mcz`dj svcj iz {rcvcoz ev F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo (F^J%7

vlea`z ~ireizedov dn zèv zcfòeysc eoflsjc [livmi-Coìofcj F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo ([CF^J%,

qèf` ev ilvd qejclu svcj/ [rdfcvvcv zìz svc F^J acocrillu svc z`c î{dsr-Leysej-Vdlej (^LV%

zcfòeysc ndr nibrefizedo/ Dz`cr mcz`djv, vsf` iv Izdmef Ndrfc Mefrdvfd{c (INM% lez`dari{ù irc

svcj eo miosnifzsreoa/ VeOQv jd odz ì~c zd bc mijc nrdm {src velefdo/ Jd{cj velefdo fio ilvd bc

svcj/

Zèv rc{drz jcvfrebcv z`c ~iredsv miosnifzsreoa {rdfcvvcv dn VeOQv ioj z`cer i{{lefizedov,

jevfsvveoa ne~c oiodqerc jc~efcv eo jcziel8 NCZv, {rdarimmiblc ldaef ferfsezv, bed-vcovdrv, lezèsm edo

bizzcrecv ioj vdlir fcllv/


4/30

[ i a c : d n 6 ;

Neasrc 98 (i% Acocril fdofc{z jeiarim dn Oiodqerc vuoz`cvev/ (b% [efzsrc dn i F^J rcifzdr/ (f% Fcozrc {irz

dn z`c F^J vcz-s{, ardqz` qincr eovejc ysirzx zsbc ferflcj/ VCM emiac dn z`c ardqo VeOQv (eovcz%/ (j%

Czìodl bcndrc ioj inzcr vdoefizedo vc{irizedo dn VeOQ dbvcr~cj eo fdldsr fìoac/(Rixi cz il, 2;;>%

2/Velefdo Oiodqerc Vuoz`cvev

Oiodzcfòdldau ndlldqv i bdzzdm-s{ {irijeam qèf` eo~dl~cv z`c fdozrdllcj ardqz` dn oiodvfilc

vzrsfzsrcv zd ndrm oiodvfilc !bseljeoa bldfgv! qèf` nez zdacz`cr ioj illdq z`c frcizedo dn ocq jc~efcv/

Oiodqercv ndrm z`cvc bseljeoa bldfgv ioj fio bc ardqo dr vuoz`cvevcj eo miou jenncrcoz qiuv/ Eo zèv

vcfzedo dn z`c rc{drz qc qell fdovejcr i osmbcr dn zcfòeyscv/

2/9/ F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo (F^J%

F`cmefil ~i{dsr jc{dvezedo ev i {rdfcvv svcj ndr z`c jc{dvezedo dn zèo jeclcfzref nelmv ndr cpim{lc,

velefdo dpejc dr oezrejc nrdm z`cer aivcdsv vzizc eozd i vdlej vzizc s{do i vsbvzrizc/

Eo zèv {rdfcvv, i velefdo qincr ev nervz flciocj zd rcmd~c z`c oize~c dpejc bcndrc i zèo liucr dn adlj

nelm ev jc{dvezcj bu clcfzrdo-bcim c~i{drizedo/9

Zèv adlj-fdizcj qincr ev z`co lcnz zd ardq eo z`c

F^J rcifzdr ndr 6; meoszcv, q`crc ez ev ioocilcj qez` ùjrdaco ioj z`co jd{cj sveoa i Ve@:$B2@>

(velioc$jebdrioc% rized dn :;;;89/ Zèv ev {crndrmcj iz i {rcvvsrc dn 9; Zdrr ioj i zcm{crizsrc dn

>0;F zd {rdjsfc i jcovc irriu dn {-jd{cj VeOQv/ Neoillu, vclcfzcj oiodqercv irc vsv{cojcj ndr

vdoefizedo/2

Z`c jevij~ioziac dn zèv miosnifzsreoa mcz`dj ev zìz ez eo~dl~cv md~eoa z`c qercv inzcr z`cu irc

ardqo/ Zèv {rcvcozv io dbvziflc zd lirac-vfilc eozcarizedo/


5/30

[ i a c 3 d n 6 ;

2/2/ [livmi-Coìofcj F`cmefil î{dsr Jc{dvezedo ([CF^J%

[livmi-coìofcj f`cmefil ~i{dsr jc{dvezedo ev vemelir eo {reofe{lc zd fdo~cozedoil F^J8 ez fdovevzv

dn z`c jc{dvezedo dn i vdlej mizcreil, vsf` iv i zèo nelm, dozd i vsbvzrizc/ Ez fio ilvd bc svcj ndr VeF

liucrv dr {dlu-velefdo jc{dvezedo/6

I {livmi dn rcifzeoa aivcv ev acocrillu frcizcj bu

acocrizedo dn 9;;@x zd 96M@x rijed nrcyscofu (RN%

clcfzrdmiaoczef qi~cv eo i rcifzedo fìmbcr/ Z`c

ocfcvviru cocrau ndr z`c rcifzedo ev {rdjsfcj bu

`cizeoa z`c aiv dr {livmi zd ndrm z`c rcifze~c edov

ioj rijefilv/ Z`c ardqz` do z`c vsbvzrizc bcaeov

bcfisvc dn z`c èa` ifze~izedo cocrau {rd~ejcj bu z`c

eozcovc bdmbirjmcoz bu edov nrdm z`c {livmi/ Z`c

velefdo nelmv dbzieocj nrdm zèv {rdfcvv irc acocrillu

bczqcco 2;om zd 9;;om zèfg qez` addj ij`cvedo

ioj èa` ardqz` rizcv/:

Miou {rd{crzecv dn z`c

jc{dvezcj nelm fruvzilleoc vzrsfzsrc, jcovezu,

fdojsfziofc ioj soendrmezu dn z`c jc{dvez, iv qcll ezv mipemsm zèfgocvv irc jc{cojcoz do

[CF^J {rdfcvv ~ireiblcv vsf` iv {livmi {dqcr, fìmbcr {rcvvsrc ioj z`c RN {irimczcr/ Z`cvc

irc ijhsvzcj iv rcysercj jsreoa z`c {rdfcvv/

2/6/ î{dsr-Leysej-Vdlej (^LV% [rdfcvv

VeOQv fio ilvd bc vuoz`cvevcj bu F^J ~ei z`c ~i{dsr-leysej-vdlej {rdfcvv/3

Ndr zèv zcfòeysc, i

fiziluvz ev f`dvco qèf` rcifzv ioj ndrmv i leysej illdu vdlszedo qez` z`c f`dvco oiodqerc mizcreil/

(Adlj ev i vseziblc fiziluvz ndr z`c ardqz` dn VeOQv, bsz

iou mdodjev{crvcj mczil oiod{irzeflc fio bc svcj%/

Z`c fiziluvz ioj velefdo irc `cizcj zd ndrm i cszcfzef

mepzsrc zd qèf` VeFl: dr Ve@: aiv ev eozrdjsfcj/>

Eo z`c

{rcvcofc dn z`c aiv, z`c oiodvfilc vccj jrd{lcz

bcfdmcv vs{crvizsrizcj qez` velefdo (jsc zd jc{dvezedo

dn velefdo nrdm z`c ~i{dsr zd z`c leysej illdu% ioj z`cvelefdo nrccxcv eozd i oiodvfilc fruvzil/ Zèv jev{lifcv

z`c jrd{lcz nrdm ezv dreaeoil {dvezedo, md~eoa ez ildoa z`c

oiodqerc/ Z`c oiodjrd{lcz ev ifzeoa iv i osflcsv, nrdm

qèf` i vdlej fruvzilleoc oiodqerc ev ardqo/ Zèv ardqz`

dffsrv eo z`c ;;, v`dqo ibd~c, ev io ij~iofcj

{livmi rcifzdr zìz {rdjsfcv ea` ysilezu VeO, VeD ioj

jd{cj Ve liucrv/ (Rduil [èle{v Clcfzrdoefv`zz{8$$qqq/èzcf`-{rdhcfzv/fdm$jzv$jdfv${cf~j/`zm,

iffcvvcj 99$;2$;5%
http://www.hitech-projects.com/dts/docs/pecvd.htmhttp://www.hitech-projects.com/dts/docs/pecvd.htmhttp://www.hitech-projects.com/dts/docs/pecvd.htm


6/30

[ i a c > d n 6 ;

Ez ev ilvd {dvveblc zd ardq ipeil ioj

rijeil `czcrdvzrsfzsrcv sveoa z`c

ibd~c {rdfcvv/ Zd vuoz`cvevc ipeil

`czcrdvzrsfzsrcv, z`c ^LV {rdfcvv ev

firrecj dsz iv bcndrc bsz z`c aivrcifzioz ev fìoacj vd zìz

vizsrizedo dn i jenncrcoz mizcreil

dffsrv, z`sv ardqeoa i ocq

oiodqerc hdeocj zd z`c eoezeil doc/

Zèv ndrmv i hsofzedo, iv v`dqo eo

Neasrc :b/1

Rijeil `czcrdvzrsfzsrcv, vcco eo

Neasrc :f, irc mijc bu fìoaeoa z`c ardqz` mdjc nrdm ipeil zd rijeil/ Zèv ev ifèc~cj bu covsreoa`dmdacocdsv jc{dvezedo dn mizcreil do z`c oiodqerc ioj fio bc em{lcmcozcj bu fìoaeoa z`c aiv

rcifzioz dr z`c ardqz` zcm{crizsrc/

2/:/ F`cmefil Czfèoa

F`cmefil czfèoa ev iodz`cr mcz`dj ndr z`c vuoz`cvev dn VeOQv, ioj jenncrv vlea`zlu nrdm ^LV eo zìz ez

ev svcj zd {rdjsfc irriuv dn oiodqercv riz`cr zìo i veoalc oiodqerc/0,

F`cmefil czfèoa fdm{revcv

zqd vzc{v/

Nervzlu, bcndrc iou czfèoa fio zigc {lifc do z`cqincrv, z`cu msvz nervz bc z`drdsa`lu flciocj zd

clemeoizc iou em{srezecv/ Zd rcmd~c draioef

arcivc z`c qincrv irc slzrivdoefillu ~ebrizcj eo

ifczdoc ioj czìodl iz rddm zcm{crizsrc, ioj

z`co zd rcmd~c nsrz`cr draioef rcvejscv dr `ci~u

mczilv, z`cu irc {lifcj eo i bdeleoa vdlszedo dn

vsl{`sref ifej ioj ùjrdaco {crdpejc/ Inzcr cif`

flcioeoa vzc{, z`c qincrv irc reovcj eo jc-edoevcj

qizcr/0

Dofc z`c qincrv irc vseziblu flcio, i zèo vel~cr

nelm (9;-3;om% ev liej dsz do z`c qincr ~ei z`crmil

c~i{drizedo ioj z`c qincrv irc vsbmcracj eo io

czfìoz vdlszedo dn ùjrdnlsdref ifej ioj

ùjrdaco {crdpejc/ Z`c czfìoz jevvdl~cv z`c velefdo7 `dqc~cr z`c irciv dn z`c qincr fd~crcj eo nelm

irc {rdzcfzcj/ Z`sv VeOQv irc czf`cj nrdm z`c velefdo qincr/ Z`c ldoacr z`c zemc v{coz eo z`c czfìoz

vdlszedo, z`c mdrc velefdo qell bc jevvdl~cj ioj z`c ldoacr z`c rcvslzioz oiodqercv/5

o-Velefdo

{-Velefdo

[lioir velefdo {-o hsofzedo

VeOQ {-o hsofzedo irriu do

{-Velefdo vsbvzrizc

Vclcfze~c czfèoa eo iyscdsv @N

vdlszedo fdozieoeo vel~cr oezrizc

Neasrc 38 Ellsvzrizedo dn {rc{irizedo dn VeOQ {-o hsofzedo

jedjc irriuv sveoa Czfèoa/ ([coa cz il, 2;;:%

Neasrc :8 Ellsvzrizedov jc{efzeoa ardqz` ioj rc{rcvcozize~c vzrsfzsrcv dn (i%

Soendrm Veoalc Fruvzil Vcmefdojsfzdr Oiodqerc (b% Ipeil Oiodqerc

@czcrdvzrsfzsrcv (f% Rijeil Oiodqerc @czcrdvzrsfzsrcv/ (Lecbcr, 2;;6%


7/30

[ i a c 1 d n 6 ;

2/3/ Livcr Ivvevzcj Fiziluzef Ardqz` (LFA% Mcz`dj

Z`c livcr ivvevzcj fiziluzef ardqz` mcz`dj ev iodz`cr

zcfòeysc svcj zd frcizc VeOQv/9;

Livcr iblizedo

errijeizedo qez` i livcr bcim dn i fdm{dvezc ziracz

qèf` fdozieov bdz` z`c fiziluvz ioj z`c oiodqerc

mizcreil, eo zèv fivc VeNc, ev firrecj dsz iz zcm{crizsrcv

cysil zd dr ibd~c 92;;F eo i `cizcj nldq zsbc sveoa

z`c i{{irizsv v`dqo eo Neasrc >/99

Zèv {rdjsfcv i

~i{dsr dn velefdo ioj erdo qèf` fdojcovc eozd Nc-Ve oiodflsvzcrv/ Qez` eofrciveoa cp{dvsrc, z`c

oiodflsvzcrv c~cozsillu fdozieo io cpfcvv dn velefdo ioj bcfdmc vs{crvizsrizcj/ Z`c VeOQ vzirzv zd

ndrm q`co z`c velefdo fruvzillevcv eozd i vdlej/99

ziracz

zsbc nsroifczd {sm{

Ir$@2

`~

Neasrc >8 I{{irizsv ndr z`c fiziluzef ardqz` dn

VeOQv ivvevzcj bu livcr iblizedo/ (Qioa, 2;;6%


8/30

[ i a c 0 d n 6 ;

Neasrc 18 VeOQ NCZ/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;6%

6/Neclj Cnncfz Zriovevzdrv

Z`c v`reogeoa dn zriovevzdrv ev dn db~edsv eozcrcvz en z`c fsrrcoz zrcoj dn meoeizsrevizedo eo clcfzrdoefv ev

zd fdozeosc/ Qc irc fdofcrocj `crc qez` neclj cnncfz zriovevzdrv (NCZv%, qèf` ndrm z`c bivev ndr mdvz

fsrrcoz eozcarizcj ferfsezv/ Ivejc nrdm z`c jenncrcofc eo {ùvefil vexc, z`c ij~ioziacv dn fdovzrsfzeoa

NCZv nrdm velefdo oiodqercv irc zqdndlj8 z`c oiodqerc NCZv cpèbez veaoenefiozlu èa`cr clcfzrdo

mdbelezu zìo vziojirj {lioir MDVNCZv, ioj ilvd i rclize~c eofrcivc eo fìoocl vexc/92

Z`cvc

{rd{crzecv illdq z`cer clcfzrefil fìrifzcrevzefv zd mdrc fldvclu i{{rdif` z`dvc dn io ejcil zriovevzdr/

Z`c i{{lefizedov dn vsf` jc~efcv irc osmcrdsv/ Oiodqerc zriovevzdrv fdslj bc svcj zd frcizc c~co

vmillcr eozcarizcj ferfsezv/ Z`cvc ldq-{dqcr ferfsezv mea`z bc cm{lducj, ndr cpim{lc, eo bedldaefil

em{liozv/ Ez ev c~co {dvveblc zd nibrefizc zriov{ircoz zriovevzdrv sveoa VeOQv/ Ez ev qdrz` mcozedoeoa

zìz z`c jc~efcv eo yscvzedo fio bc nibrefizcj do ~erzsillu iou vsbvzrizc/ Zèv ìv z`c {dzcozeil ndr

em{ifz s{do i `sac v{cfzrsm dn i{{lefizedov, ndr cpim{lc doc fdslj frcizc jc~efcv fi{iblc dn

nsofzedoeoa sojcr nlcpedo/ Eojccj zcvzv qcrc fdojsfzcj s{do i VeOQ jc~efc qèf` ìj bcco

nibrefizcj do i {livzef vsbvzrizc/ Z`cu v`dqcj ocaleaeblc ilzcrizedov eo jc~efc fsrrcoz ndr lirac

imdsozv dn vzrcvv s{do z`c jc~efc, vdmczèoa qèf` {rd~cv {rdmeveoa ndr z`c nszsrc dn nlcpeblc

clcfzrdoefv/96

Ilz`dsa` NCZv sveoa oiodzcfòdldau qcrc nervz

fdovzrsfzcj nrdm firbdo oiodzsbcv eo 9550, ez qiv

odz sozel 2;;6 zìz nsofzedoeoa VeOQ jc~efcv qcrc

nibrefizcj bu Fìrlcv Lecbcr ioj èv zcim iz

@ir~irj/9:

Oiodqercv ì~c vc~cril ij~ioziacv

d~cr oiodzsbcv eo zèv i{{lefizedo8 z`cu irc

fdovzrsfzcj {srclu dn vcmefdojsfzdr mizcreil

riz`cr zìo z`c mczil-firbdo ùbrej oiodzsbcv7 z`c jd{ioz fdofcozrizedo fio bc {rcfevclu fdozrdllcj

jsreoa vuoz`cvev7 ioj z`cu irc mdrc fdm{izeblc qez` cpevzeoa Ve-bivcj eonrivzrsfzsrc/92,93

Z`c zcim svcj z`c F^J {rdfcvv zd nibrefizc VeOQv, qèf` qcrc jc{dvezcj nrdm io czìodl

vsv{covedo dozd i liucr dn velefdo dpejc zd ae~c z`c vzrsfzsrc v`dqo eo Neasrc 1/

Mdvz vsbvcyscoz zriovevzdrv irc ~ireizedov do zèv bivef vzrsfzsrc, qèf` nsofzedov eo msf` z`c vimc

qiu iv i vziojirj {lioir MDVNCZ8 z`c i{{lefizedo dn i ~dlziac iz z`c aizc fisvcv eo~crvedo eo z`c

oiodqerc, frcizeoa i fìoocl bczqcco vdsrfc ioj jrieo/

Vdmc mdrc rcfcoz jc~efcv ì~c svcj zd{-jdqo nibrefizedo mcz`djv, qèf` vzirz qez` io cpevzeoa

mslze-liucrcj vsbvzrizc/ Zèv vsbvzrizc zu{efillu fdm{revcv i liucr dn dpejc (VeD2% viojqef`cj

bczqcco zqd liucrv dn velefdo, qèf` ev godqo iv i Velefdo Do-Eovslizdr (VDE% qincr/ [irzv dn z`c zd{

liucr irc z`co czf`cj iqiu zd ae~c z`c jcvercj vzrsfzsrc/ Miou jenncrcoz zcfòeyscv fio bc svcj zd

vì{c z`c qincr8 f`cmefil czfèoa9>

, rcifze~c edo czfèoa91

ioj clcfzrdo bcim lez`dari{ù90

irc hsvz i


9/30

[ i a c 5 d n 6 ;

ncq cpim{lcv/ Eo i rcfcoz {i{cr, Mirzeocx cz il/ (2;;0% svcj izdmef-ndrfc mefrdvfd{c (INM%

oiodlez`dari{ù zd nibrefizc zriovevzdrv qez` i :om

fìoocl qejz`/95

INM oiodlez`dari{ù ev i ~ireizedo do z`c mcz`djv

jcvfrebcj cirlecr/ Ez eo~dl~cv md~eoa z`c ze{ dn io

izdmef-ndrfc mefrdvfd{c d~cr io VDE qincr ioj sveoa ez

zd i{{lu i {slvc dn ~dlziac zd z`c vsrnifc, qèf` frcizcv

io dpejc liucr/ F`cmefil czfèoa fio z`co bc svcj zd

rcmd~c z`c vsrnifc velefdo/ Zèv lci~cv i oiodqerc

fdizcj qez` dpejc, qèf` q`co rcmd~cj ae~cv i fdm{lczc VeOQ/ Z`c zriovevzdrv frcizcj qez` zèv

mcz`dj fio bc ysezc eozrefizcndr cpim{lc, z`c ndsr-irmcj mdjcl v`dqo eo Neasrc 5/ @dqc~cr, z`c

zcfòeysc fio bc mdrc cp{cove~c zìo bdzzdm-s{ ardqz` mcz`djv jsc zd z`c neoc lez`dari{ù

cyse{mcoz rcysercj/

Ysezdreiod ioj Gimeov ì~c jcmdovzrizcj qìz z`cu bclec~c zd bc i vs{credr {rdfcvv/2;

Z`cu ì~c

jc~cld{cj i zcfòeysc zd fdozrdl z`c ldfizedo ioj ardqz` jercfzedo dn z`c VeOQ vzrsfzsrc qèf` ev

fdm{izeblc qez` fdo~cozedoil {lioir {rdfcvvcv/ `dljv vc~cril ij~ioziacv8 z`c oiodqercv fio bc

mdrc rdbsvz, iv qcll mdrc imcoiblc zd lirac-vfilc eozcarizedo/ Z`cu svcj zèv zd nibrefizc i MDVNCZ

do io o'$BDP${

-VDE qincr, i jeiarim dn qèf` ev v`dqo eo Neasrc 0/

6/9/ VeOQ NCZ Fìrifzcrevzefv

Fsrrcoz VeOQ NCZv jcmdovzrizc zriovfdojsfziofcv eo z`c rcaedo dn 6/6mVm

-9

ioj do-fsrrcozv eoz`c rcaedo dn 2/9mIm

-9, {crndrmeoa z`rcc zd ndsr zemcv bczzcr zìo vziojirj {lioir velefdo FMDV

jc~efcv/ @dlc mdbelezecv irc zu{efillu zco zemcv èa`cr zìo zìz dn {lioir coìofcmcoz mdjc

MDVNCZv, eo z`c rcaedo dn 16;fm2^

-9v

-9/ Nsrz`crmdrc,

em{rd~cj vqezfèoa jcliuv qez` rcncrcofc zd {lioir NCZv

migc VeOQ NCZv vseziblc ndr svc eo ldaef ferfsezv

d{crizeoa iz v{ccjv dszvejc z`c lemezv dn FMDV

zcfòdldau/96

E-^ jizi rcfdrjcj do eoje~ejsil {- ioj o-zu{c VeOQvv`dq i leocir rclizedovè{ fdovevzcoz qez` D`mv liq,

qèf` eojefizcv zìz mczil-VeOQ fdozifzv qell odz

fdozrebszc zd odoleocir E-^ bcì~edsr dn hsofzedov/ Ez ìv

bcco {dvveblc zd frcizc ODR aizcv dsz dn oiodvfilc

NCZv, qèf` rdszeoclu cpèbez aieov eo cpfcvv dn ne~c

vdmczèoa qèf` illdqv z`cm zd bc eozcrfdoocfzcj

qez`dsz z`c occj ndr veaoil rcvzdrizedo iz cif` vziac/29

Ez

z`crcndrc vccmv fcrzieo zìz dz`cr oiodvfilc ldaef aizcv irc {dvveblc, cez`cr bu fdovzrsfzedo nrdm

NCZv ioj jedjcv dr iz z`c z`c ~cru lcivz bu ODR em{lcmcozizedo/

Neasrc 08 VeOQ MDVNCZ/ (Gimeov, 2;;0%

Neasrc 58 I ndsr-irm zriovevzdr qez` jrieo ioj

vdsrfc fdoocfzedov/ Z`c bivc bcociz` z`c

oiodqercv ifzv iv i aizc/ (Mirzeocx cz il, 2;;6%


10/30

[ i a c 9 ; d n 6 ;

6/9/9/ Mslze{lc-Lc~cl NCZv bu INM Oiodlez`dari{ù

Ez ìv bcco v`dqo bu Mirzeocx cz il/ zìz i

arcizcr jcovezu dn NCZv fio bc ifèc~cj

bu z`c irrioacmcoz dn VeOQv eo i

mslze{lc-lc~cl fdovzrsfzedo ndr cpim{lc,z`c ndsr-irm zriovevzdr eo Neasrc 5,

fdovzrsfzcj nrdm zqd {cr{cojefslir VeOQv

ifrdvv i velefdo qincr/ Qez` z`c velefdo

qincr ifzeoa iv i aizc zcrmeoil, z`c jc~efc

fio bc fdovejcrcj zd ì~c ndsr vczv dn

jrieo-vdsrfc fdoocfzedov, cif` dn qèf`

ìv ezv dqo fìrifzcrevzefv jczcrmeocj bu

z`c fìoocl qejz`v ioj lcoaz`v eo cif`

fivc/ Z`c dsz{sz fìrifzcrevzefv irc

v`dqo eo Neasrc 9;/

6/9/2/ :om Fìoocl Qejz` NCZv bu INM Oiodlez`dari{ù

Iv jcvfrebcj cirlecr, VeOQ NCZv ì~c bcco nibrefizcj bu Mirzeocx cz il/ qez` fìoocl qejz`v iv vmill

iv :om sveoa INM oiodlez`dari{ù/ Z`c dsz{sz fìrifzcrevzef ndr zèv NCZ, v`dqo eo Neasrc 99, ev

~cru vemelir eo zcrmv dn fsrrcoz zd zìz dn z`c mslze-lc~cl, ndsr-irm NCZ q`dvc fìoocl lcoaz`v irc

z`rcc drjcrv dn miaoezsjc liracr bdz` ifèc~c

i jrieo-vdsrfc fsrrcoz dn i{{rdpemizclu :;oI

ndr i jrieo-vdsrfc ~dlziac dn 2^ ioj i aizc-

vdsrfc ~dlziac dn 6^/ @dqc~cr z`c jc~efc jdcv

odz i{{cir zd vizsrizc iv cirlu iv z`c ndsr-irm

NCZ, qez` i flcir arijecoz vzell ~eveblc iz i jrieo-

vdsrfc ~dlziac dn 9/3^ rcairjlcvv dn aizc-

vdsrfc ~dlziac/ Eo fdozrivz, z`c ndsr-irm NCZ

v`dqcj vizsrizedo iv cirlu iv 9^/ Z`c :om

fìoocl qejz` NCZ ilvd cpèbezv i ~cru vìlldq arijecoz eo z`c zredjc rcaedo, qèf` lemezv ezv svc zd

vqezfèoa i{{lefizedov vsf` iv jeaezil ldaef aizcv/

Neasrc 9;8 Dsz{sz fìrifzcrevzefv ndr z`c ndsr-irm zriovevzdr sveoa

jenncrcoz {ierv dn Jrieo-Vdsrfc zcrmeoilv/ (Mirzeocx cz il, 2;;0%

Neasrc 998 EJV-^JV fìrifzcrevzef ndr z`c :om fìoocl-qejz`

zriovevzdr/ (Mirzeocx cz il, 2;;0%


11/30

[ i a c 9 9 d n 6 ;

6/9/6/ Eozcariziblc Oiodqerc Zriovevzdrv

Z`c {lioir-fdm{izeblc zcfòeysc jc~cld{cj bu

Ysezdreiod ioj Gimeov qiv jcvfrebcj cirlecr/ Eo

ijjezedo zd z`c ij~ioziacv ilrciju jevfsvvcj, z`c

clcfzrefil fìrifzcrevzefv dn NCZv {rdjsfcj sveoa zèvmcz`dj v`dq {rdmevc, cv{cfeillu q`co z`c eoniofu dn

z`c miosnifzsreoa zcfòeysc ev zigco eozd iffdsoz/ Z`c

dsz{sz fìrifzcrevzefv eo Neasrc 92 v`dq rcivdoiblc

vizsrizedo, ioj qez` io Edo$Ednn rized dn i{{rdpemizclu 9;:,

z`c jc~efc fio bc svcj eo vsf` i qiu zìz zcm{crizsrc

fìoacv (qèf` inncfz z`c z`rcv`dlj ~dlziac ioj firrecr

mdbelezu, ioj `cofc Edo ioj Ednn% jd odz eozcrncrc qez`

ferfsez {crndrmiofc/22

Z`c èa` Edo$Ednn rized ilvd mciov

ldq {dqcr fdovsm{zedo qèlc eo z`c dnn vzizc/ Z`c

jc~efc cpèbezv io eo~crvc vsb-z`rcv`dlj vld{c dn

i{{rdpemizclu 933m^ {cr jcfijc qèf` ev iz z`c ldq

coj dn z`c v{cfzrsm eo fdm{irevdo zd vemelir jc~efcv

(qèf` cpèbez vld{cv dn bczqcco 92; ioj >;5m^92,26

%/

Zèv mciov zìz z`c jc~efc ìv i ldq eozcrnifc-vzizc

jcovezu ioj vd addj fds{leoa bczqcco z`c aizc ioj

fìoocl io em{drzioz ncizsrc ndr im{lenefizedo ioj vcoveoa i{{lefizedov/

Neasrc 928 Dsz{sz fìrifzcrevzefv dn io !eozcariziblc!

VeOQ NCZ/ (Ysezdreiod . Gimeov, 2;;0%


12/30

[ i a c 9 2 d n 6 ;

:/Odo~dlizelc Mcmdru sveoa Mdlcfslc-Aizcj Oiodqercv

Mddrcv Liq, ndrmslizcj bu Adrjdo Mddrc eo 95>3, v{cfslizcv zìz z`c osmbcr dn zriovevzdrv zìz fio

bc {lifcj do io eozcarizcj ferfsez qell jdsblc i{{rdpemizclu c~cru zqd ucirv2:/ Veofc 95>3, velefdo

zcfòdldau ìv ij~iofcj iz cp{docozeil rizcv ioj zèv {rcjefzedo ìv `clj zrsc qez` io cpfcvv dn 9

belledo zriovevzdrv23 fsrrcozlu {lifciblc do io eozcarizcj ferfsez/ Zèv ev mieolu jdoc z`rdsa` v`reogeoa

z`c vexc dn z`c zriovevzdr vd zìz mdrc nez do zd z`c vimc eozcarizcj ferfsez/ @dqc~cr, zèv slzemizclu

lcijv zd zrijcdnnv bczqcco {crndrmiofc, cocrau cnnefecofu2> ioj fdvz iv v{ifc bcfdmcv mdrc

rcvzrefzcj/ Ez ev z`dsa`z zìz z`c lemezv dn {lioir velefdo zriovevzdr jemcovedov qell bc rcif`cj iz vdmc

{deoz eo z`c ocpz jcfijc/ Zèv frcizcv i occj ndr ocq zcfòefil jc~cld{mcozv/

Z`c svc dn ùbrej vzrsfzsrcv ev vdmczèoa zìz ev legclu zd bc svcj qezèo z`c velefdo eojsvzru eo z`c iej

dn migeoa zriovevzdrv c~cr vmillcr/ Z`crc irc fsrrcozlu zqd zcfòdldaecv bceoa `ci~elu rcvcirf`cj eozd

qèf` fio mccz zèv rcysercmcoz8 VeOQv ioj FOZv/ Eo v`drz, VeOQv irc f`dvco d~cr FOZv ndr z`c

rcivdov jcvfrebcj cirlecr8 z`cu rcmieo iv vcmefdojsfzdrv rcairjlcvv dn jeimczcr ioj z`cer jd{eoa

fio bc fdozrdllcj jsreoa vuoz`cvev qèf` ev frsfeil ndr jc~efcv i{{lefizedov21

, z`sv illdqeoa z`cm zd bc

mdrc rcijelu eozcarizcj qezèo z`c eojsvzru/

Z`c {rc~edsvlu jevfsvvcj èa` {crndrmiofc VeOQ NCZv frcizcj bu Lecbcr20

lcj zd èv rcvcirf` eozd

mdlcfslc-aizcj oiodqercv qez` rczcozedo zemcv eo cpfcvv dn 2; meoszcv25

qèf` fio bc svcj ndr

odo~dlizelc mcmdru {sr{dvcv/ Z`cvc fio bc miosnifzsrcj sveoa iou dn z`c {rdfcvvcv {rc~edsvlu

jevfsvvcj ndr svc qez` NCZv/ Zèv i{{lefizedo vìll bc jevfsvvcj eo nsrz`cr jcziel/

I {-zu{c VeOQ NCZ ({-VeOQ NCZ% ev frcizcj bu ijjeoa iffc{zdr em{srezecv qez` jebdrioc (B 2@>%

fdmmdolu svcj/ O-zu{c VeOQ NCZv (o-VeOQ NCZ% irc frcizcj bu ijjeoa {`dv{èoc ([@6% iv z`c

jdodr jd{ioz6;

/ Ziblc 9 v`dqv z`c fdm{irevdo dn z`c gcu jc~efc {irimczcrv dn i {-VeOQ NCZ ioj i

rcaslir {lioir Ve NCZ jc~efc/

{-VeOQ NCZ [lioir Ve NCZ

Aizc lcoaz` (om% 0;-2;;; (3;% 3;

Aizc dpejc zèfgocvv (om% >;; (9/3% 9/3

EDO (I$m% W^vj = 9^] 3;-2;; (2;;;-3>;;% >3;EDNN (oI$m% 2-3; (:-:3% 5

Vsbz`rcv`dlj vld{c (m^$jcf% 91:->;5 (>;% 1;

Zriovfdojsfziofc (V$m% 91-9;; (21;;-13;;% >3;

Ziblc 98 Fdm{irevdo dn gcu jc~efc {irimczcrv bczqcco VeOQ NCZv ioj {lioir Ve NCZv, bdz` qez` i fdm{iriblc jd{eoa rized

dn :;;;89 (Gsmir, 2;;0%/ Z`c VeOQ NCZ rcvslzv ì~c bcco vfilcj eo brifgczv sveoa i aizc lcoaz` dn 3;om ioj aizc dpejc

zèfgocvv dn 9/3om/(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;6%

Ez fio bc vcco nrdm Ziblc 9 zìz vdmc gcu VeOQ NCZ jc~efc {irimczcrv fio c~co cpfccj z`dvc dn

{lioir Ve NCZv q`co bdz` ì~c vemelir jd{eoa lc~clv, slzemizclu lcijeoa zd bcocnezv ndr èa`-v{ccjjc~efcv/


13/30

[ i a c 9 6 d n 6 ;

Zèv mcz`dj ìv veofc bcco coìofcj qez` z`c svc dn jenncrcoz rcjdp ifze~c mdlcfslcv zd frcizc

vemelir jc~efcv bsz qez` jenncrcoz {rd{crzecv/

:/9/ Oiodqerc-Bivcj Odo~dlizelc Jc~efcv

O-zu{c eojesm {`dv{èjc (o-Eo[%, o-zu{c aillesm oezrejc (o-AiO% ioj {-Ve oiodqercv fio ill bc svcjqez` rcjdp ifze~c mdlcfslcv eoflsjeoa ncrrdfcoc, xeof zczribcoxd{dr{èoc ioj fdbilz {`zìldfuioeoc

(Fd[f% zd frcizc z`cvc oiodqerc NCZv/ Ill z`c ibd~c {rd~ejc vemelir rcvslzv `dqc~cr, z`c

mcivsrcmcozv zigco ndr zèv jc~efc qcrc sveoa o-Eo[OQ NCZv nsofzedoilevcj qez` Fd[f rcjdp

mdlcfslcv iv v`dqo eo Neasrc 96/ F`ldrdbcoxcoc vdlszedov dn Fd[f irc v{eo fdizcj qèf` {rdjsfcv

i soendrm liucr dn z`c rcjdp mdlcfslcv do z`c oiodqerc

vsrnifcv qez` liucr zèfgocvv arcizcr zìo doc mdodliucr/25

Fdojsfziofc (A = E$^vj% iaieovz aizc ~dlziac (â% jizi ndr io

o-Eo[OQ NCZ ev v`dqo eo Neasrc 9:, bcndrc ioj inzcr z`cijjezedo dn i Fd[f

liucr/ Bcndrc z`c

liucr ev ijjcj, z`c

rcv{dovc ev legc zìz

dn io o-zu{c NCZ/

Inzcr z`c ijjezedo dn i

Fd[f liucr i lirac

ùvzcrcvev ev

i{{ircoz/ Iv z`c aizc

~dlziac ev eofrcivcj

nrdm ocaize~c zd

{dveze~c z`c fìoocl fdojsfziofc vzirzv zd eofrcivc bcndrc

z`c arcco fsr~c, ioj ilvd eofrcivcv qez` i vzcc{cr arijecoz/ Iv z`c aizc ~dlziac ev z`co jcfrcivcj

nrdm {dveze~c zd ocaize~c z`c fìoocl fdojsfziofc jcfrcivcv bcndrc z`c arcco fsr~c ioj iaieo qez` i

vzcc{cr arijecoz, z`sv {rdjsfeoa z`c ùvzcrcvev fsr~c/ Z`c jercfzedo ev v`dqo qez` irrdqv eo Neasrc

9:/ Zèv ev svcj zd v`dq z`c zqd vzizcv dn i bevziblc vuvzcm

ioj z`sv fio bc svcj iv i z`rcc zcrmeoil vqezf` dr i

mcmdru jc~efc/ Z`c ldq fdojsfziofc vzizc fio bc viej zd

bc dnn, ioj z`c èa` fdojsfziofc vzizc do/

Neasrc 93 v`dqv z`c vqezfèoa dn z`c jc~efc sveoa i â {slvc

dn 9;^/ Z`c Fd[f mdjenecj NCZ v`dqv rc~crveblc vqezfèoa

qèf` fio bc mieozieocj ndr iz lcivz 9;; fuflcv bcndrc iou

jcarijizedo dn z`c rized ev dbvcr~cj ioj i fìoac eo

fdojsfziofc nrdm irdsoj ;/9oV zd >;;oV/22

Zèv qdslj vccm

zd fdonerm zìz i mdlcfslc-aizcj oiodqerc NCZ fdslj bc svcj iv i bevziblc do$dnnvqezf`/

Neasrc 968 Oiodqerc bivcj odo~dlizelc

jc~efc/ Z`c mejjlc {efzsrc v`dqv io VCM

emiac dn i jc~efc qez` z`c ldqcr ferfslir{efzsrc v`dqeoa i ZCM emiac dn io o-

Eo[OQ/(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;2%

Neasrc 938 Rc~crveblc do$dnn vqezfèoa dn z`c

o-Eo[OQ NCZ inzcr vsrnifc mdjenefizedo qez`

9v aizc {slvcv/(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;2%

Neasrc 9:8 A iaieovz a ndr io o-Eo[OQ NCZ

bcndrc (arcco% ioj inzcr (rcj% vsrnifc

mdjenefizedo qez` Fd[f ioj ^vj = ;/9^/

(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;2%


14/30

[ i a c 9 : d n 6 ;

:/2/ Frdvvcj Oiodqerc Odo~dlizelc Jc~efcv

I frdvvcj oiodqerc (fOQ% NCZ svcv frdvvcj oiodqercv iv z`c NCZ fìooclv ioj z`c aizc/ Zèv

vzrsfzsrc, iv v`dqo eo Neasrc 9>, ìv ezv fìoocl lcoaz` jcneocj bu z`c aizc oiodqerc jeimczcr7 ezv

ibelezu zd bc eozcarizcj ev jcneocj bu ivvcmblu ioj odz

lez`dari{ù/69

Rcvslzv ndr fdojsfziofc iaieovz aizc ~dlziac irc zigco, iv qez`

z`c o-Eo[OQ NCZ bsz zèv zemc c~co liracr ùvzcrcvev fio bc

vcco eo Neasrc 91, fdonermeoa zìz fOQ NCZv fio bc svcj iv

bevziblc vqezf`cv/

Mdrc veaoenefiozlu z`cvc NCZv fio sojcrad rc~crveblc vqezfèoa

qez`dsz iou veaoenefioz fìoac eo z`c fdojsfziofc rized ndr

`sojrcjv dn fuflcv/ Neasrc 90 v`dqv z`c rczcozedo zemcv ndr z`c

jc~efc qèf` v`dq q`cz`cr z`cvc bevziblc vqezf`cv irc iblc zd

bc svcj ndr odo~dlizelc mcmdru {sr{dvcv/ Z`c eoezeil do$dnn

rized cpfccjv 9;:

iv z`c fdojsfziofc q`co doev arcizcr zìo

9;;;oV ioj q`co dnn ev lcvv zìo ;/9oV/ Bdz` fsr~cv vldqlu

jcfiu zdqirjv i vzciju vzizc jenncrcofc dn irdsoj 1;;oV/

Zèv jenncrcofc ev mieozieocj ndr iz lcivz 2; meoszcv qez` dz`cr

zcvzcj jc~efcv iblc zd `dlj z`cer vzizc ndr vc~cril `dsrv/ Zèv

`sac jenncrcofc eo rczcozedo zemcv ev vdmczèoa qèf` rcysercv

nsrz`cr rcvcirf`7 `dqc~cr, ez ev z`dsa`z zìz ez ev jsc zd

~ireizedov eo z`c birrecr vc{irizeoa io ifze~c oiodqerc fdrc

ioj z`c rcjdp ifze~c mdlcfslcv/25

Zd rcvzizc, bevziblc vqezf`cv fio bc fdovzrsfzcj do i oiod

vfilc sveoa bdz` oiodqerc NCZv ioj fOQ NCZv mdjenecj qez`

rcjdp ifze~c mdlcfslcv/ Z`cvc zqd jc~efcv ae~c do$dnn rizedv

cpfccjeoa 9;:

ioj rczcozedo zemcv dn iz lcivz 2; meoszcv jsc

zd z`c soeysc oizsrc dn z`c rcjdp mdlcfslcv/ Zèv coiblcv

z`cm zd bc svcj ndr odo~dlizelc mcmdru {sr{dvcv/ Z`crc irc

vc~cril evvscv qèf` nervz occj zd bc nifcj bcndrc iou nszsrc

zcfòdldau fio bc mdjenecj zd svc z`cvc jc~efcv/

Z`c rczcozedo zemc occjv zd bc dn i fdovevzcoz lc~cl ioj ilvd

msvz bc msf` èa`cr zìo z`c 2; meoszcv rcfdrjcj iv

odo~dlizelc mcmdru ev vsf` zìz z`c jizi msvz rcmieo q`co z`c

{dqcr ev vqezf`cj dnn/ Ez ev z`crcndrc vsezcj zd svc eo ~dlizelc mcmdru i{{lefizedov/

Neasrc 9>8 Frdvvcj oiodqerc bivcj

odo~dlizelc jc~efc qez` i oiodqerc bceoa

svcj iv z`c aizc/ Zd{ rea`z {efzsrc v`dqv ioVCM emiac dn i jc~efc/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;2%

Neasrc 918 A iaieovz a ndr i fOQ NCZ inzcr

vsrnifc mdjenefizedo qez` Fd[f/ (Lecbcr cz il,

2;;2%

Neasrc 908 Rczcozedo zemcv ndr i fOQ NCZ

jc~efc inzcr mdjenefizedo qez` Fd[F/ Z`c

s{{cr fsr~c v`dqv fdojsfziofc iaieovz

zemc inzcr z`c jc~efc qiv vqezf`cj do ioj

z`c ldqcr fsr~c inzcr z`c jc~efc qiv

vqezf`cj dnn/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;2%


15/30

[ i a c 9 3 d n 6 ;

Iodz`cr mihdr {rdblcm ev `dq zd rc{ciz z`c vimc cp{cremcozil {rdfcjsrc bsz do i miosnifzsreoa

lc~cl/ Z`c rcvslzv occj zd bc rc{cizcj iaieo ioj iaieo zd covsrc fdovevzcofu ioj z`c cp{cremcozil

{rdfcjsrc occjv zd bc vem{lenecj vd zìz mivv {rdjsfzedo dn z`cvc jc~efcv fio bc sojcrzigco/

Mddrcv liq ev vsrc zd `dlj zrsc eo z`c nszsrc iv z`c zcfòdldau cpevzv ndr oiodqercv zd rc{lifc

vziojirj {lioir jc~efcv/ @dqc~cr, mdrc rcvcirf` occjv zd bc fdojsfzcj eozd zèv zcfòdldau ioj

mcz`djv dn nibrefizedo en qc irc zd vcc ez fdmc eozd mivv {rdjsfzedo/


16/30

[ i a c 9 > d n 6 ;

3/Oiodvcovdrv Jczcfzedo dn JOI . JOI Vcyscofc

îreizedov

Z`c nervz cp{cremcoz zd eofdr{drizc z`c ejci dn eozcarizeoa oiodzcfòdldau qez` vcovdrv qiv eo 955;,

qez` z`c jc{dvezedo dn eoje~ejsil pcodo izdmv do i oefgcl vsbvzrizc zd v{cll z`c ldad dn z`c fdm{szcr

fdm{iou EBM62

/ Veofc z`co, z`crc ìv bcco io eofrciveoa eozcrcvz v`dqo eo oiodvcovdrv, qez` i lirac

eofrcivc eo nsojeoa ioj rcvcirf` dsz{sz/

Io db~edsv ij~ioziac dn z`c svc dn oiodzcfòdldau ndr zèv

i{{lefizedo ev i arciz jcfrcivc eo vexc, qèf` migcv ez {dvveblc zd

eozcarizc oiodvcovdrv eozd miou mdjcro jiu jc~efcv/ Nsrz`cr

rcivdov ndr z`c eofrcivcj {d{slirezu qcrc liraclu jsc zd z`c

{rdmevc zìz qiv vcco eo z`c ~iredsv i{{lefizedov66

dn z`cvcvcovdrv/

Eo z`c {ivz, bdz` firbdo oiodzsbcv ioj velefdo oiodqercv ì~c

bcco svcj eo z`c jczcfzedo dn JOI6:,63

ioj JOI vcyscofc

~ireizedov/ @dqc~cr, VeOQv irc {rcncrrcj zdjiu iv z`cer clcfzrefil

{rd{crzecv ioj vcoveze~ezu dn jczcfzedo fio bc ilzcrcj iffdrjeoa zd

occjv bu ijhsvzeoa z`c jd{ioz fdofcozrizedo ioj z`c OQ jeimczcr6>

/ Ilvd, velefdo dpejc liucr vsrnifcv

fio bc mdjenecj eo drjcr zd zieldr ez zd cez`cr bedldaefil dr f`cmefil rcfc{zdrv/ Zèv vcfzedo dn z`c rc{drz

qell ndfsv do z`c i{{lefizedo dn z`c VeOQ oiodvcovdr eo z`c jczcfzedo dn JOI ioj JOI vcyscofc~ireizedov/

3/9/ Jc~efc Nibrefizedo

Z`c mieo oiodqerc ndr z`c JOI vcovdr ev nibrefizcj sveoa

adlj-fiziluvcj F^J/ Clcfzrefil fdozifzv irc z`co czf`cj

dozd z`c cojv qez` clcfzrdo-bcim lez`dari{ù/ Ez ev z`c

fdojsfziofc bczqcco z`cvc fdozifzv zìz qell bc

eo~cvzeaizcj ioj svcj zd jriq fdoflsvedov/

Inzcr z`c izzif`mcoz dn z`c lcijv, z`c jc~efcv irc

f`cmefillu nsofzedoilevcj qez` {rdbc mdlcfslcv ndr JOI

vcoveoa cp{cremcozv/ Svsillu, doc dn z`c mcz`djv dn

fd~ilcoz beojeoa ev svcj zd ijj [OI {rdbcv dozd z`c

vsrnifc dn z`c oiodqerc/61,60

Bcndrc izzifèoa z`c {rdbcv,

z`c vsrnifcv dn z`c VeOQv irc zrcizcj qez` qizcr ~i{dsr

{livmi/65

Neoillu, z`c VeOQ vsrnifcv irc cp{dvcj zd i 3m

[OI vdlszedo eo qizcr ndr 92 `dsrv/ I rdsa` jc~efc

vf`cmizef ev v`dqo eo Neasrc 2;/

Neasrc 958 VeOQ qez` Oefgcl fdozifzv/

(Fcozcr ndr Oiodvfilc Vfecofc,

[cooVzizc 9033`zz{8$$qqq/mrvcf/{vs/cjs$rcvcirf`$vccjv/iv{,

iffcvvcj 99$;2$;5%

Neasrc 2;8 (I% Vf`cmizef jeiarim dn i vcovdr

jc~efc fdovevzeoa dn z`c VeOQ (uclldq% qez` z`c

irrdq eojefizeoa jercfzedo dn vim{lc nldq {lifcj

do io dpejevcj Velefdo vsbvzrizc/ (B% [OI {rdbcv

do oiodqerc (F% [OI-JOI eozcrifzedo/ (Lecbcr cz

il, 2;;:%
http://www.mrsec.psu.edu/research/seeds.asphttp://www.mrsec.psu.edu/research/seeds.asphttp://www.mrsec.psu.edu/research/seeds.asp


17/30

[ i a c 9 1 d n 6 ;

3/2/ Vcoveoa Mcfìoevm

Leocir fsrrcoz ~crvsv ~dlziac bcì~edr ev {rcvcoz ndr ill jc~efcv, ioj z`cu ì~c fdojsfziofc ~ilscv

bczqcco 2;; ioj 91;;oV/

6>

[OI ev f`dvco ndr z`c {rdbcv bcfisvc ez v`dqv èa` beojeoa

inneoezu zd ezv fdm{lcmcoziru JOI dr ROI vcyscofc ioj v`dqv

veoalc-bivc v{cfenefezu/:;

Nsrz`crmdrc, ez ìv èa` f`cmefil

vzibelezu iaieovz bdz` zcm{crizsrc ioj {@, iv qcll iv èa`

bedldaefil vzibelezu zd osflcivc ioj {rdzcivc/:9

Z`c [OI {rdbcv

do z`c VeOQ beoj qez` z`cer fdm{lcmcoziru JOI vim{lcv ioj

zèv ilzcrv z`c {rd{crzu dn z`c VeOQ/ Z`c ari{`v bcldq v`dq

vdmc rcvslzv dn z`c ~ireizedov eo fdojsfziofcv zìz qcrcdbvcr~cj s{do ijjezedo dn vmill ysiozezecv dn JOI/

Eo Neasrc 29, fdojsfziofc ev vcco zd rcmieo rclize~clu fdovzioz

bcndrc ijjezedo dn iou vsbvziofc ({deoz 9%/ @dqc~cr, i ~cru ri{ej

eofrcivc ev dbvcr~cj s{do ijjezedo dn z`c JOI vim{lc ({deoz 2%

ioj i msf` mdrc arijsil

eofrcivc zigcv {lifc inzcr zìz

({deoz 6% d~cr `sojrcjv dn

vcfdojv/ Zèv eofrcivc eofdojsfziofc fio bc cp{lieocj

bu io eofrcivc eo ocaize~c

vsrnifc jcovezu jsc zd z`c

beojeoa dn ocaize~clu fìracj

dleadosflcdzejcv iz z`c vsrnifc/

Fdojsfzedo rcmieocj rdsa`lu

fdovzioz q`co i vdlszedo qez`dsz JOI eo ez qiv ijjcj, qèf` fio

bc vcco eo Neasrc 22/ Ilvd, z`c fìoac eo fdojsfzedo, v`dqo eo

Neasrc 26, qiv eovsbvziozeil q`co i vdlszedo fdozieoeoa JOI qiv

ijjcj zd z`c vsrnifc dn i VeOQ zìz ìj ilrciju bcco ùbrejevcj

qez` fdm{lcmcoziru JOI vcyscofc/

Neasrc 2: v`dqv i fdmbeoizedo dn ill z`c rcvslzv jevfsvvcj ibd~c/

Q`co i JOI nrcc vdlszedo ev ijjcj, iv {rd~cj bcndrc, z`c

fdojsfziofc rcmieov fdovevzcoz/ @dqc~cr, z`crc irc zqd ocq

rcvslzv zd odzc `crc/ Nervzlu, z`c ijjezedo dn i JOI nrcc vdlszedo zd i

VeOQ qèf` ìv ilrciju bcco ùbrejevcj qez` JOI vìr{lu

Neasrc 298 Rcil zemc fdojsfziofc

rcv{dovc nrdm i VeOQ jc~efc qez` [OI

rcfc{zdr/ Z`c irrdq mirgv z`c zemc

q`co i >;nM QZ JOI vim{lc qiv

ijjcj/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;:%

Neasrc 268 Fdojsfziofc ~crvsv zemc ndr

VeOQ qez` leogcj [OI rcfc{zdr eo z`c

{rcvcofc dn 9;;nM MS JOI vim{lcv/

(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;:%

Neasrc 228 Zemc jc{cojcoz fdojsfziofc

eo JOI-nrcc vdlszedo/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;:%

Neasrc 2:8 Fdojsfziofc ~crvsv zemc ndr

[OI {rdbcj OQ jc~efc jsreoa nldq dn(9% JOI-nrcc vdlszedo, (2% 9;;nM MS

JOI (6% JOI-nrcc vdlszedo ioj (:%

9;;nM QZ JOI/ (Lecbcr cz il, 2;;:%


18/30

[ i a c 9 0 d n 6 ;

jcfrcivcv z`c fdojsfziofc zd i{{rdpemizclu ezv dreaeoil ~ilsc (6%/ Vcfdojlu, z`c ijjezedo dn i jenncrcoz

zu{c dn JOI, QZ fdmbeoizedo vcyscofc (:% fisvcv i vìr{ eofrcivc bsz d~cr i ldoacr zemc vfilc

zìo q`co z`c dreaeoil MS JOI vim{lc qiv ijjcj/ Zèv v`dqv zìz z`c [OI-{rdbcj VeOQ fio

jenncrcozeizc bczqcco jenncrcoz vcyscofcv dn JOI ioj `cofc jczcfz vcyscofc ~ireizedov eo ijjezedo zd

z`c vem{lc {rcvcofc dn JOI/

Eo vsmmiru, VeOQv zìz irc nsofzedoilevcj qez` {c{zejc osflcef ifej ([OI% {rdbcv fio bc svcj zd

jczcfz JOI ioj JOI vcyscofc ~ireizedov bu mdoezdreoa ~ireizedov eo fdojsfziofc ifrdvv z`c cojv dn

z`c VeOQ eo rcil zemc qez` ~cru èa` vcoveze~ezu ioj vclcfze~ezu/ Mdrc acocrillu, zèv i{{rdif` ìv bcco

cpzcojcj zd z`c jczcfzedo dn dz`cr rirc acoczef mszizedo JOI dr jevcivcv, vsf` iv fuvzef nebrdvev6>

ioj `cofc bu cp{ldezeoa rcfcoz ij~iofcv eo lirac-vfilc ivvcmblu:9

, z`c eozcarizedo dn slzrivcoveze~c

oiodqerc oiodvcovdrv eozd miou i{{lefizedov ìv rc~dlszedoevcj JOI jczcfzedo ndr acoczef vfrccoeoa

ioj vzsjecv eo bedldau/


19/30

[ i a c 9 5 d n 6 ;

>/Lezèsm Bizzcrecv qez` Velefdo Oiodqerc Iodjcv

Bizzcrecv irc svcj eo i brdij rioac dn

i{{lefizedov zd {dqcr jc~efcv dn miou vexcv qez`

i ~ireczu dn {dqcr rizeoav/ Ilz`dsa` ilgileoc

bizzcrecv irc z`c mdvz fdmmdo zu{c, lezèsm edo

mdjclv irc aieoeoa {d{slirezu jsc zd z`cer èa`

fi{ifezu ioj rcvslzioz ldoa lenc/ Rcvcirf` ev odq

bceoa firrecj dsz sveoa fszzeoa cjac zcfòdldau

zd em{rd~c zèv fi{ifezu c~co nsrz`cr8 velefdo

oiodqercv irc bceoa zreillcj iv iodjcv eo z`c

bizzcrecv/ Zèv ocq zcfòdldau {rdmevcv zd

eofrcivc z`cer fi{ifezu bu vc~cril zemcv/:2

Z`c VeOQv svcj ndr z`c iodjc irc rdsa`lu 9;;om:6

eo jeimczcr ioj irc acocrillu nibrefizcj sveoa

z`c ^LV F^J zcfòeysc/ Zu{efillu, z`c {rdfcvv dffsrv iz zcm{crizsrcv dn 3;;F ioj ibd~c zd ueclj

èa`cr fi{ifezecv, veofc ez ìv bcco v`dqo zìz z`c zcm{crizsrc ev i mihdr nifzdr eo jczcrmeoeoa z`c

i~ieliblc vzdriac fi{ifezu/ Eofrcivcj miosnifzsreoa zcm{crizsrc fdrrclizcv qez` eofrcivcj fi{ifezu/::

Z`cvc oiodqercv eo`crez z`c clcfzrefil fìrifzcrevzefv dn velefdo ioj z`sv jd odz occj jd{eoa zd fdozrdl

fdojsfze~ezu/

>/9/ Velefdo Oiodqercv iv Iodjc Mizcreilv

Z`c oiodqerc zcfòdldau ìv bcco v`dqo zd eofrcivc z`c

fi{ifezu dn i lezèsm bizzcru bu zco zemcv7 `dqc~cr, zèv ev

odz z`c dolu ij~ioziac/ Eo ijjezedo zd coìofcj clcfzrefil

fìrifzcrevzefv, z`c vzrsfzsril {rd{crzecv irc ilvd em{rd~cj/

Iodjcv mijc nrdm zèo-nelm velefdo z`c fsrrcoz

zcfòdldau ì~c qcigcr vzrsfzsrcv zìz irc {rdoc zd

nrifzsreoa inzcr vc~cril fìrac$jevfìrac fuflcv/ VeOQv

irc ardqo jercfzlu do z`c iodjc mizcreil qèf` {rd~ejcv

doc dn z`c beaacvz ij~ioziacv i jercfz 9J clcfzrefil{iz`qiu illdqeoa ndr ~cru èa` cnnefecofu dn fìrac

zriov{drz/:3

Veofc cif` oiodqerc ev fdoocfzcj zd z`c

iodjc clcfzrefillu, z`cu ill fdozrebszc zd z`c d~crill

fi{ifezu/ Q`co fìraeoa$jevfìraeoa dffsrv, z`c

oiodqercv fìoac eo ~dlsmc bu s{ zd :;;# iv z`c lezèsm

edov rcifz ioj fdmbeoc qez` velefdo/:6,:3

VeOQv irc ilvd

inncfzcj bu fufleoa `dqc~cr, z`c cnncfz ev dolu veaoenefioz

inzcr iz lcivz 9; fuflcv/

Neasrc 2>8 ZCM emiac dn i veoalc VeOQ

{irzeillu fdizcj qez` Oefgcl bcndrc (f% ioj

inzcr (j% fufleoa (fìrac ioj jevfìrac%/ (Fse

cz il, 2;;0%

Neasrc 238 Nsllu Lezèizcj VeOQv/ Eovcz8 Solezèizcj

oiodqerc qez` Is-Ve illdu do zd{/ ([coa cz il, 2;;0%


20/30

[ i a c 2 ; d n 6 ;

Doc dn z`c gcu fìrifzcrevzefv dn VeOQv ev z`c ~cru

èa` vsrnifc irci-zd-~dlsmc rized/ Zèv illdqv i

lirac osmbcr dn lezèsm edov zd rcifz qez` velefdo,

rcvslzeoa eo i èa`cr fi{ifezu - s{ zd :2;;mIà-9

ìv bcco rcfdrjcj eo z`c nervz fìrac fuflc/ Ijriqbifg dn z`c oiodqercv ev io errc~crveblc jrd{

eo fi{ifezu inzcr z`c nervz fìrac fuflc/ Ez v`dslj bc

odzcj zìz z`c imdsoz dn fìrac vzdrcj eo z`c

VeOQv jsreoa fìraeoa ev arcizcr zìo z`c fìrac

rclcivcj jsreoa z`c jevfìrac fuflc/ Zèv ev jsc zd

z`c fìoac eo ~dlsmc dn z`c VeOQv iv lezèizedo ev

odz fdm{lczclu rc~crveblc/ Ndr z`c coj i{{lefizedo

zèv mciov zìz z`c i~ieliblc fi{ifezu dn z`c bizzcru ev rcjsfcj/ Z`c fi{ifezu ldvv jsreoa fufleoa ev

godqo iv nijeoa/ Vzsjecv fdojsfzcj iz Vziondrj Soe~crvezu ì~c v`dqo zd ifèc~c iz lcivz 13# dn z`c

mipemsm z`cdrczefil fi{ifezu (:2;;mIà-9

% do vcfdoj fuflc ioj èa`cr fi{ifezu s{ zd 5;# do z`c

zèrj fuflc:6

/ Jsreoa cp{cremcozizedo, ez qiv ilvd ndsoj zìz èa`cr fìraeoa fsrrcozv rcvslzcj eo èa`cr

fi{ifezecv/ Z`c fìraeoa fuflc eo~dl~cv lezèsm edov rcifzeoa qez` velefdo7 zèv rcvslzv eo io eofrcivc dn

z`c oiodqerc ~dlsmc/ Jsc zd z`c lirac vsrnifc irci, i lirac osmbcr dn lezèsm edov rcifz ioj z`sv z`c

~dlsmc eofrcivcv zd irdsoj :;;# dn ezv dreaeoil ~ilsc/:6

Z`c cp{cremcozv fdojsfzcj ì~c v`dqo zìz

z`c jeimczcr eofrcivcv nrdm 05om zd 9:9om/ Zèv ev v`dqo eo Neasrc 2> do z`c {rc~edsv {iac/ Z`c

ZCM emiac ilvd v`dqv zìz z`c cp{iojcj

VeOQ qeojv ezvcln irdsoj z`c oefgcl fdizeoa/

Z`c oefgcl fdizeoa ev {rcvcoz zd v`dq z`c

fìoac eo ~dlsmc/

I vzsju fdojsfzcj zd cpimeoc {dvveblc

i{{lefizedov ndr mefrd-bizzcrecv {rd~ejcv vdmc

rclc~ioz clcfzrdf`cmefil jizi/ I zu{efil

VeOQ, dn jeimczcr eo z`c rioac dn 2;;-6;;om

ardqo iz 33;F ìv io eoezeil fi{ifezu dn

913;mF/ Inzcr 2; fuflcv dn fìraeoa ioj

jevfìraeoa z`c nijeoa cnncfz rcjsfcv z`c

fi{ifezu zd irdsoj 13;mF:3

- i ldvv dn

i{{rdpemizclu 31#/ @dqc~cr, en z`c ardqz`

zcm{crizsrc ev eofrcivcj zd 313F, z`co zèv fi{ifezu ev eofrcivcj zd 62;;mF/ Zèv ev cyse~ilcoz zd

6;;;I`fm-2

/::

Iodz`cr vzsju v`dqv c~ejcofc dn èa`cr fi{ifezecv fldvc zd z`c z`cdrczefil mipemsm

fi{ifezu (:2;;mIà-9

%/ I nervz fìrac fi{ifezu dn :211mIà-9

qiv ifèc~cj ioj i nervz jevfìrac

fi{ifezu dn 692:mIà-9

qiv rcfdrjcj/ Zèv eojefizcv i Fdsldmbef cnnefecofu dn 16# iv vzizcj

cirlecr/:6

I vcfdoj fìrac fi{ifezu qiv rcjsfcj bu 91# zd 63:9mIà-9

ioj z`c jevfìrac fi{ifezu

dn 6956mI`-9

, eojefizeoa 5;# cnnefecofu/ Eo drjcr zd {lifc z`cvc neasrcv eo {crv{cfze~c, ez v`dslj bc

Neasrc 208 ^dlziac {rdnelcv dn VeOQv fuflcj iz ~irueoa rizcv/ OB/

F$2; {rdnelc ev nrdm vcfdoj fuflc/ (Fse cz il, 2;;0%

Neasrc 218 VeOQ fìrac$jevfìrac fi{ifezecv fdm{ircj

qez` dz`cr zcfòdldaecv d~cr 9; fuflcv/ (Fse cz il, 2;;0%


21/30

[ i a c 2 9 d n 6 ;

odzcj zìz z`c ari{èzc svcj eo fsrrcoz lezèsm bizzcru iodjcv ìv i fi{ifezu dn 612mIà-9

/ Zèv fio

bc vcco eo Neasrc 21/

Neasrc 20 v`dqv fìrac$jevfìrac fuflcv iz jenncrcoz rizcv ioj ilvd z`c fi{ifezu/ Q`co fìraeoa z`c

VeOQv iz i fsrrcoz cysil zd z`cer mcivsrcj fi{ifezu, rcncrrcj zd iv F, z`c d~crill fi{ifezu ifèc~cj

qiv ?29;;mIà-9

/ Eo iodz`cr jc~efc i fìrac rizc dn F$3 ifèc~cj vziblc fi{ifezecv dn 63;;mIà-9

d~cr 2; fuflcv/ Zèv jizi flcirlu v`dqv i èa`cr fi{ifezu dn vep zd oeoc zemcv zìozìz dn fdo~cozedoil

ari{èzc iodjcv/ Z`c F$2; rizc ifèc~cv z`c èa`cvz fi{ifezu7 `dqc~cr, zèv ari{` v`dqv z`c vcfdoj

fuflc doqirjv/:6

Z`sv z`c eoezeil nervz fuflc rizc dn :211mIà-9

ev odz v`dqo/ Z`c {dveze~clu eofleocj

fsr~cv v`dq fìraeoa qèlc z`c rcvz v`dq jevfìraeoa/

Ez ev c~ejcoz zìz iodjcv sveoa VeOQv ì~c ~cru èa` fi{ifezu fdm{ircj qez` z`c zrijezedoil ari{èzc

iodjcv/ Z`c fi{ifezu fio {dzcozeillu bc eofrcivcj bu 9; zemcv d~cr i lirac osmbcr dn fuflcv/

@dqc~cr, vdmc dbvziflcv, vsf` iv nijeoa, occj zd bc d~crfdmc zd ifèc~c èa` cnnefecofu ioj lirac

fi{ifezu d~cr i rcivdoiblc osmbcr dn fuflcv/ VeOQv odz dolu {rcvcoz bczzcr clcfzrdf`cmefil

{rd{crzecv bsz ilvd vzrsfzsril ij~ioziacv/ Jsreoa fìraeoa ioj jevfìraeoa, z`c ~dlsmc fio fìoac

veaoenefiozlu, bsz em{drziozlu z`c VeOQv jd odz nrifzsrc jsreoa zèv {rdfcvv/ Z`cvc {rd{crzecv illdq ndr

z`c miosnifzsrc dn cpzrcmclu èa` fi{ifezu bizzcrecv eo z`c nszsrc ndr ill clcfzrdoef jc~efcv {rd~ejeoa i

ldoacr lenc/


22/30

[ i a c 2 2 d n 6 ;

1/Velefdo Oiodqerc Vdlir Fcllv

Co~erdomcozil fdofcrov irc i beaacr {irz dn dsr le~cv zdjiu zìo c~cr bcndrc ioj z`crc ev eofrciveoa

{rcvvsrc zd neoj ioj cp{ldez rcocqiblc cocrau/:>

Z`c Vso ev io izzrifze~c vdsrfc dn cocrau/:1

Ez

{rd~ejcv 9;;;;;ZQ dn cocrau, bsz zdjiuv {d{slizedo dolu occjv 96ZQ/ Vdlir fcllv irc i arciz qiu

zd ìrocvv zèv eofrcjeblc {dqcr ioj ez ev cvzemizcj zìz bu fd~creoa hsvz ;/9# dn z`c Cirz`v vsrnifc

qez` vdlir fcllv dn 9;# cnnefecofu z`c qdrljv cocrau jcmiojv fdslj bc mcz /:0

Z`c nervz vdlir fcllv

qcrc eo~cozcj eo z`c 95:;v ioj veofc z`co z`c zqd zu{cv dn fcllv mdvz fdmmdolu svcj irc

{`dzd~dlzief ([^% fcllv ioj {`dzdclcfzrdf`cmefil ([CF% fcllv/:>

@dqc~cr, cnnefecofu lemezizedov ioj

èa` clcfzrefezu {rdjsfzedo fdvzv ì~c {rc~cozcj vdlir cocrau nrdm bcfdmeoa mdrc {d{slir/

Z`c fsrrcoz fìllcoac ev zd cnncfze~clu ifèc~c meoeizsrevizedo dn z`cvc fcllv qèlc ijjrcvveoa evvscv dn

fdvz ioj bddvzeoa cnnefecofu/ Ndfsv ìv rcfcozlu bcco jercfzcj zdqirjv oiodzcfòdldau ioj z`c svc

dn oiodvzrsfzsrcv iv i vdlszedo zd z`c {rdblcm/

Velefdo ev i {d{slir f`defc jsc zd ezv ibsojiofc, i~ielibelezu ioj {rd~co {`dzd~dlzief {rd{crzecv eo

velefdo-bivcj vdlir fcllv i~ieliblc eo z`c mirgcz/ Rcvcirf` ev z`crcndrc sojcrqiu do zcfòdldaecv

sveoa velefdo oiodqercv/

1/9/ D{crizedo

Z`c fdofc{z bu qèf` lea`z ev fdo~crzcj eozd clcfzrefezu ev z`c vimc ndr velefdo vdlir fcllv ioj ev

cp{lieocj bcldq/ Neasrc 25 v`dqv z`c bioj jeiarim dn i {o jedjc ndr vdlir cocrau ìr~cvzeoa/

Q`co lea`z vèocv dozd z`c fcll, clcfzrdov eo z`c

~ilcofc bioj fio ibvdrb z`c cocrau dn z`c {`dzdo/ En

z`c cocrau ev arcizcr dr cysil zd z`c bioj-ai{ z`co

z`c clcfzrdo fio bc {rdmdzcj zd z`c fdojsfzedo bioj

lci~eoa bcèoj i `dlc ioj `cofc acocrizeoa io

clcfzrdo `dlc {ier/ En z`c cocrau dn z`c {`dzdo ev

arcizcr zìo z`c rcysercj cocrau zd {rdmdzc z`c

clcfzrdo zd z`c fdojsfzedo bioj z`co z`c cpfcvv

cocrau qell bc rijeizcj iv `ciz/ Clcfzrdov irc

izzrifzcj bu ldq {dzcozeilv ioj `dlcv bu èa`

{dzcozeilv/ Eo i {o hsofzedo z`c ldq {dzcozeil ev do z`c

o-zu{c vejc ioj z`c èa` {dzcozeil do z`c {-zu{c vejc,

zèv ev i rcvslz dn z`c jenncrcofc eo Ncrme lc~clv

bczqcco z`c o- ioj {-zu{c rcaedov/

Z`sv z`crc irc zqd fivcv8 En z`c clcfzrdo ev cpfezcj eo z`c {-zu{c rcaedo z`co ez qell bc izzrifzcj bu z`c

ldq {dzcozeil do z`c o-zu{c rcaedo ioj qell rdll jdqo z`c èll rcvslzeoa eo fsrrcoz/ Fdo~crvclu en ez ev

cpfezcj do z`c o-zu{c vejc z`co ez vccv i {dzcozeil birrecr7 eo zèv fivc, z`c `dlc acocrizcj qell bc

izzrifzcj bu z`c èa` {dzcozeil do z`c {-zu{c vejc ioj flemb s{ z`c èll iaieo rcvslzeoa eo fsrrcoz/

Neasrc 258 Cocrau bioj jeiarim ndr i {o-jedjc ndr vdlir

fcllv8 [`dzdov fio cpfezc clcfzrdov ioj {rdmdzc z`cm

nrdm z`c îlcofc Bioj zd z`c Fdojsfzedo bioj/ Zèv

frcizcv io clcfzrdo `dlc {ier ioj fsrrcoz fio nldq/

(Arzxcl, 2;;1%


23/30

[ i a c 2 6 d n 6 ;

Veofc z`c `dlcv ioj clcfzrdov nldq eo d{{dvezc jercfzedov bsz ì~c d{{dvezc veao, z`c fsrrcoz qell vsm

s{ eo doc jercfzedo nrdm z`c o-zu{c rcaedo zd z`c {-zu{c rcaedo/

1/9/9/ Jenncrcofc Bczqcco Oiodrdj Irriu ioj [lioir [`dzdclcfzrdjcv

Neasrc 6; v`dqv z`c acdmczru ndr oiodrdj (oiodqerc% irriuv/:5

Eo z`cvc z`c {o jedjc ev ndrmcj rijeillu, vsf` zìz z`c fsrrcoz

fio nldq nrdm z`c eovejc dsz/ Zèv coiblcv coaeoccrv zd

nibrefizc oiodrdjv qèf` irc ipeillu ldoa codsa` zd ibvdrb

codsa` lea`z/ Bsz iz z`c vimc zemc z`c rijesv dn z`c oiodqercv

fio bc v`drzcr zìo z`c jennsvedo lcoaz`, qèf` em{rd~cv z`c

jedjcv fìrifzcrevzefv/3;

1/2/ Ibvdr{zedo eo Velefdo Oiodqerc Irriuv

Ndr cnncfze~c vdlir zd clcfzrefil cocrau fdo~crvedo, ez ev

em{drzioz zìz z`c mizcreil svcj fio ibvdrb z`c cocrau dn

{`dzdov cnnefecozlu d~cr i brdij rioac dn nrcyscofecv, e/c/

i èa` ibvdr{ziofc ev occjcj/39

Z`c ibvdr{zedo v{cfzrsm qiv vemslizcj ndr VeOQ irriuviv v`dqo eo Neasrc 69/ Z`c {`dzdo cocrau ~irecj nrdm

ioj 9/9c^ zd :c^/ Cysizedo 9 rclizcv , z`c

ibvdr{ziofc, , z`c rcnlcfziofc, ioj (%, z`c

zriovmezziofc/ Ez v`dqv zìz ldq rcnlcfziofc ioj

zriovmezziofc irc jcveriblc {rd{crzecv/

= 9 (%

Cysizedo 98 Rclizedo bczqcco fcll {irimczcrv (@s . F`co, 2;;1%

Neasrc 69 v`dqv z`c ibvdr{ziofc dn z`c irriu iv i nsofzedo

dn {`dzdo cocrau ioj, ndr fdm{irevdo, zìz dn i

fdo~cozedoil nelm qez` zèfgocvv 2/66m/32

Z`crc irc z`rcc

zrifcv ndr z`c VeOQv, qèf` fdrrcv{doj zd lcoaz`v dn

9/9>m, 2/66m ioj :/>>m/ Z`c jizi flcirlu jc{efzv zìz

z`c VeOQ irriu ìv èa` ibvdr{ziofc {rd{crzecv ibd~c

{`dzdo cocraecv dn 6c^, bsz ~cru ldq ibvdr{ziofc ndr ldq

nrcyscofecv iv fdm{ircj zd z`c nelm/ Mdrcd~cr, bu

eofrciveoa z`c lcoaz` dn z`c VeOQv (nrdm 9/9>m zd

Neasrc 6;8 Oiodqercv fio bc nibrefizcj vsf`

zìz z`c rijesv ev zèoocr zìo z`c jennsvedo

lcoaz`/ Zèv em{rd~cv E-^ fìrifzcrevzefv,

bcfisvc rcfdmbeoizedo irjlu zigcv {lifc/

(@s . F`co, 2;;1%

Neasrc 698 Ibvdr{zedo v{cfzrsm dn i VeOQ irriu

ioj i nelm d~cr i {`dzdo qi~clcoaz`v rioac nrdm

9265om (eonrircj% zd 6;5om (slzri~edlcz%/ (@s .

F`co, 2;;1%

Neasrc 628 Rcnlcfziofc ioj zriovmezziofc dn

VeOQ ioj nelm/ (@s . F`co, 2;;1%


24/30

[ i a c 2 : d n 6 ;

:/>>m% z`c nrcyscofu rioac dn ibvdr{ziofc fio bc cpzcojcj eozd z`c ldq nrcyscofu irci bu i vmill

imdsoz/

Neasrc 62 v`dqv z`c rcnlcfziofc (jiv`cj leocv% ioj zriovmezziofc (% (nsll leocv% dn i nelm ioj

VeOQ irriu cif` qez` i zèfgocvv dn 2/66m/32

Flcirlu z`c VeOQ irriu ìv i ldq rcnlcfziofc ndr z`c

nsll v{cfzrsm, bsz z`c èa` zriovmezziofc iz ldq nrcyscofecv ev z`c fisvc ndr ldq ibvdr{zedo iz ldq

nrcyscofecv/ Filfslizedov ì~c v`dqo zìz z`c ibvdr{zedo cnnefecofu irc 3/0#, 5/3#, 92/3# ioj

93/3# ndr z`c 3;om, >;om ioj 0;om ldoa VeOQ ioj z`c nelm rcv{cfze~clu/32

Ill eo ill, z`c ioiluvev v`dqv zìz irriuv dn VeOQv ì~c veaoenefiozlu ldq ibvdr{ziofc eo z`c ldq

nrcyscofu rcaemc iv fdm{ircj zd z`c fdo~cozedoil nelmv zìz ì~c bcco svcj/ @cofc z`c d~crill

ibvdr{zedo cnnefecofu dn z`c VeOQv qiv ldqcr zìo zìz dn fdo~cozedoil nelmv, bsz fio bc em{rd~cj bu

miosnifzsreoa ldoacr VeOQv/

1/6/ Velefdo Oiodqerc Jc~efcv ndr [`dzd~dlziefv

Fsrrcozlu, z`crc ev i ldz dn rcvcirf` adeoa eozd jenncrcoz zu{cv dn jc~efcv sveoa

VeOQv ndr {`dzd~dlziefv/ Iv v`dqo eo z`c d{crizedov vcfzedo, eo acocril i {o

jedjc ev rcysercj/ Z`c mieo ~ireiblc ndr nibrefizeoa jenncrcoz VeOQv ev z`c

acdmczru dn z`c {o jedjc/ Z`crc irc fsrrcozlu zqd acdmczrecv8 ipeil ioj rijeil

(fdipeil%/ Z`c jenncrcofc bczqcco z`cvc zqd ev zìz eo z`c ndrmcr z`c oiodqerc

fdovevzv dn i vcamcoz qèf` ev {-zu{c ioj o-zu{c zd ndrm z`c {o hsofzedo ipeillu,

q`crciv eo z`c lizzcr z`c VeOQ fdrc ev mijc dsz dn {-zu{c ioj z`c v`cll dsz dn o-

zu{c zd ndrm i {o jedjc rijeillu/ Eo acocril fdipeil rdjv irc svcj ndr z`coiodrdjv eo irriuv ndr vdlir fcllv iv ellsvzrizcj eo Neasrc 66/

36Z`c ocpz zqd

vcfzedov qell jevfsvv z`c fìrifzcrevzefv dn zqd jc~efcv qèf` fio bc svcj ndr

vdlir cocrau ìr~cvzeoa/ Z`c nervz ev ibdsz Vliozeoalu-Ileaocj VeOQ Irriuv ioj

z`c vcfdoj ibdsz Veoalc ioj Ziojcm Ipeil {-e-o VeOQv/

1/:/ Vliozeoalu-Ileaocj Velefdo Oiodqerc Irriuv

Eo zèv jc~efc z`c VeOQ irc vliozcj (VIVeOQ%

iv fdm{ircj zd ~crzefillu-ileaocj (ÎVeOQ%

ioj z`c {o jedjc ev ndrmcj rijeillu iv v`dqo eo

Neasrc 66/36

Ez ev nibrefizcj bu f`cmefil czfèoa

dn i flciocj {-Ve

Rcairjeoa z`c ibvdr{zedo

{rd{crzecv, ez qiv ndsoj zìz z`c ocq VI-VeOQv

rcnlcfz vlea`zlu mdrc zìo z`c Î-VeOQv/ Z`c

nifz zìz z`c VeOQv irc vliozcj {rdbiblu

imdsozv zd i èa`cr rcnlcfziofc/ Ilz`dsa` z`cNeasrc 6:8 E^ fìrifzcrevzefv dn VI-VeOQ, qèf` ij ioocnnefecofu dn 99/61#, io d{co ferfsez ~dlziac 30;/23m^ ioj i

v`drz ferfsez fsrrcoz 2>mI/ (Nioa cz il, 2;;0%

Neasrc 668 Acdmczru dni fdipeil {-e-o jedjc/

Z`c eoflsvedo dn

eozreovef Velefdo

bczqcco z`c o- ioj {-

zu{c rcaedov em{rd~cv

jedjc fìrifzcrevzefv/

(Lecbcr cz il, 2;;1%


25/30

[ i a c 2 3 d n 6 ;

Î-VeOQv ìj bczzcr ibvdr{ziofc, z`c VI-VeOQv {crndrmcj bczzcr/ Z`c rcivdo ndr zèv fdslj bc zìz

eo z`c lizzcr, z`c clcfzrdjc nelm do z`c vsrnifc dn z`c irriuv fdslj {rdbiblu em{rd~c z`c fdozifz ioj

jcfrcivc z`c rcvevziofc ldvv/:>

Ziblc 2 v`dqv z`c em{rd~cmcoz eo cnnefecofu ioj z`c jcfrcivc eo

vcrecv rcvevziofc (RV% qèf` rcvslz eo io cnnefecofu em{rd~cmcoz/

Ziblc 28 Cnnefecofu, vcrecv ioj v`soz rcvevziofc dn I- ioj VI-ileaocj VeOQv/ (Nioa cz il, 2;;0%

Doc jevij~ioziac dn VI-VeOQv ev z`c ldq meodrezu firrecr lenczemc/ Eo bslg velefdo qincr z`c lenczemc ev

ibdsz 9;/>v bsz eo z`c irriu ez ev dolu 9/1v/:>

Zèv mciov zìz rcfdmbeoizedo zigcv {lifc iz i èa`cr

rizc ioj lemezv fsrrcoz/ @cofc zèv ev io irci q`crc cnndrz ev rcysercj zd neoj qiuv dn eofrciveoa z`c

firrecr lenczemc ioj z`sv em{rd~eoa z`c cnnefecofu/

1/3/ Veoalc Ipeil {-e-o Oiodqercv ndr Vdlir Cocrau @ir~cvzeoa

Iv z`c oimc vsaacvzv, zèv ioiluvev qell fdofcozrizc do z`c {`dzd~dlzief fìrifzcrevzef dn i veoalc ipeil

{-e-o oiodqerc v`dqo eo Neasrc 63/3:

Eo fdozrivz zd z`c VI-VeOQ

mdjcl, z`c {o jedjc dn zèv jc~efc ev ndrmcj ipeillu, qèf` mciov

zìz z`c fsrrcoz qell nldq ildoa z`c ipev dn z`c oiodrdj/ Zèv ipeil

VeOQ ev nibrefizcj sveoa z`c adlj oiod{irzeflc-fiziluvcj ^LV

ardqz` mcz`dj/ Z`c ipeil ~ireizedo eo jd{eoa ev ifèc~cj bu fìoaeoa z`c aiv rcifzioz, iv jevfsvvcj

eo vcfzedo 2/6/

Z`c E-^ fìrifzcrevzefv qcrc cvziblev`cj sojcr jirg fdojezedov

qez` e-rcaedo qejz`v dn ;m (rcj zrifc%, 2m (arcco zrifc% ioj

:m (blifg zrifc% ioj ev v`dqo eo Neasrc 6>/ Z`c neasrc flcirlu

vsaacvzv zìz z`c oiodqerc ìv vemelir fìrifzcrevzefv zd zìz dn i

{lioir {o-jedjc8 Z`c dovcz ~ilsc ev zu{efillu fldvc zd ;/1^ ioj

z`c fsrrcoz revcv vzcc{lu nrdm zèv {deoz doqirjv/3:

Mdrcd~cr, ez ev

odzefciblc zìz eofrciveoa z`c e-rcaedo qejz` rcvslzv eo i vmillcr

rc~crvc beiv fsrrcoz qèf` ev jcveriblc/

[`dzd~dlzief {rd{crzecv qcrc dbzieocj sojcr io ellsmeoizedo eozcovezu

dn 9;;mQfm-2

/3:

Ez zsrocj dsz zìz z`c jc~efcv qez` jenncrcoz e-rcaedo

qejz`v v`dqcj em{rd~cj fìrifzcrevzefv qez` io eofrcivc eo zèv

qejz`, iv v`dqo eo Ziblc 6/

@dqc~cr, z`c mipemsm cnnefecofu dn zèv jc~efc ev dolu ;/3#, qèf` ev ~cru ldq fdm{ircj zd

ilzcroize~c VeOQ jc~efcv (vsf` iv z`c VI-VeOQ% qèf` cpèbez cnnefecofecv dn irdsoj 9;#/

Î-VeOQ irriu fcllv VI-VeOQ irriu fcllv

(#% 5/69 0/>> 0/59 9;/10 99/61 9;/>>

Rv(% 2/:5 2/00 2/>: 9/6> 9/22 9/60

Rv`(% :113 93:6 :12; 9930 6333 >69

Neasrc 6>8 E-^ fìrifzcrevzef dn

veoalc ipeil {-e-o VeOQ ndr jenncrcoz

qejz`v dn z`c e-rcaedo/ (Gcm{i,

2;;0%

Neasrc 638 I veoalc ipeil {-e-o VeOQ/

(Gcm{i, 2;;0%


26/30

[ i a c 2 > d n 6 ;

Ziblc 68 [`dzd~dlzief Fìrifzcrevzefv dn veoalc {-e-o VeOQv ndr jenncrcoz qejz`v dn z`c e-rcaedo/ (Gcm{i, 2;;0%

Eo fdoflsvedo, zèv vcfzedo ìv brecnlu jevfsvvcj `dq vdlir fcllv qdrg eo acocril, {deozeoa dsz z`c mieo

ij~ioziac dn sveoa oiodrdjv d~cr {lioir vdlir fcllv ioj z`c em{drziofc dn addj ibvdr{ziofc

fìrifzcrevzefv eo vdlir cocrau ìr~cvzeoa/

Mdrcd~cr, z`crc irc mieolu zqd zu{cv dn VeOQv ndr vdlir cocrau8 rijeil ioj ipeil/ Flcirlu z`c VI

VeOQv, qèf` svc fdipeil {o jedjcv irc fsrrcozlu z`c mdvz cnnefecoz vdlir fcllv sveoa oiodrdjv,

q`crciv veoalc ipeil oiodqercv ì~c i ~cru ldq cnnefecofu/ @cofc z`c nszsrc dn VeOQv eo z`c irci dn

vdlir cocrau lecv eo fdipeil VeOQv/

e-rcaedo qejz` (m% ^df (^% Evf ({I% Cnnefecofu (#%

; ;/92 6/3 O$I

2 ;/2: 9: O$I

: ;/25 69/9 ;/3


27/30

[ i a c 2 1 d n 6 ;

0/Fdoflsvedo

Velefdo oiodqercv irc i {rdmeveoa vdlszedo zd z`c nszsrc fìllcoac dn jc~efc meoeizsrevizedo/ Z`cu fio

bc vuoz`cvevcj bu jenncrcoz mcz`djv, jc{cojeoa do z`c i{{lefizedo ndr qèf` z`cu irc svcj/ Z`cu ircmslzensofzedoil ioj fio bc svcj eo i qejc rioac dn vezsizedov/ @dqc~cr, rcvcirf` ev vzell doadeoa zd

jczcrmeoc zd qìz cpzcoz z`cu fio bc svcnsl/

Eoezeil rcvslzv ì~c {rd~cj {dveze~c ioj ez ìv bcco v`dqo zìz VeOQv fio {liu io cnncfze~c rdlc eo z`c

nibrefizedo dn clcfzrdoef fdm{docozv vsf` iv NCZv ioj odo~dlizelc mcmdru/ Z`c VeOQ NCZv irc

ij~ioziacdsv bcfisvc z`cer clcfzrefil {rd{crzecv fldvclu rcvcmblc zìz dn ejcil zriovevzdrv uecljeoa

bczzcr rcvslzv qèlc illdqeoa ndr eofrcivcj zriovevzdr jcovezecv bcfisvc dn z`cer rcjsfcj vexc/ Vemelirlu,

vzsjecv ì~c v`dqo zìz VeOQv irc fi{iblc dn vzdreoa jizi do i oiod-vfilc, vdmczèoa {rc~edsvlu

soizzieoiblc/ Fìllcoacv ndr VeOQv eo odo~dlizelc mcmdru eoflsjc eofrciveoa z`c rczcozedo zemc dn z`cmcmdru nrdm z`c fsrrcoz 2; meoszcv ioj dbzieoeoa i nibrefizedo {rdfcvv zìz qdslj illdq ndr mivv

{rdjsfzedo/

Rcvcirf` ev ilvd fsrrcozlu doadeoa zd eo~cvzeaizc z`c rdlc dn VeOQ iv oiodvcovdrv qèlc dz`cr ards{v

irc ndfsvcj do jc~cld{eoa èa` fi{ifezu bizzcrecv/ Sveoa VeOQv eo oiodvcovdrv v`dqv z`c zrsc

{dzcozeil dn oiodqercv, brejaeoa z`c ai{ bczqcco bedldau ioj clcfzrdoefv/ Jczcfzedo dn JOI ioj dz`cr

bedldaefil mdlcfslcv, vsf` iv {rdzceov ioj ~ersvcv ev {dvveblc jsc zd io ifze~c vezc qèf` fìoacv z`c

fdojsfzedo dn z`c oiodqercv eo z`c {rcvcofc dn z`c ifze~c mizcreil/ Z`c svc dn VeOQv eo lezèsm

bizzcrecv ìv {rd~cj zd bc ij~ioziacdsv qez` eofrcivcj bizzcru fi{ifezu ioj arcizcr rcvevziofc zdfìrac fuflcv/ @dqc~cr, cp{crzv iarcc zìz z`crc ev vzell rddm ndr em{rd~cmcozv eo cnnefecofu ioj

fi{ifezu ldvvcv/

Ijjezedoillu, VeOQv ì~c v`dqo {rdmeveoa rcvslzv eo z`c neclj dn {`dzdoefv jcv{ezc rcvcirf` bceoa eo

z`c {rclemeoiru vziac/ Rcvcirf` fdojsfzcj zd jczcrmeoc qèf` mcz`dj dn nibrefizedo {rdjsfcv z`c

mdvz cnncfze~c oiodqercv ndr vdlir i{{lefizedov, ì~c v`dqo zìz fdipeil oiodqercv dnncr z`c mdvz

bcocnezv d~cr ipeil oiodqercv ioj fdo~cozedoil vdlir fcllv/

VeOQv ì~c v`dqo codrmdsv {dzcozeil eo mcczeoa z`c jcmioj ndr vmillcr, mdrc {dqcrnsl jc~efcv/

@dqc~cr, ez ev flcir zìz nsrz`cr rcvcirf` msvz vzell bc jdoc zd nsllu sojcrvzioj ioj fdozrdl z`c

{rd{crzecv dn VeOQv/ Doc zèoa ev fcrzieo8 qc ì~c ill bsz alem{vcj z`c svcnslocvv dn VeOQv/


28/30

[ i a c 2 0 d n 6 ;

5/Rcncrcofcv

Miosnifzsreoa {rdfcvvcv

9Vìrmi, V/7 Gimeov, Z/ E/7 Qelleimv, R/ V/, Vuoz`cvev dn Zèo Velefdo Oiodqercv Sveoa Adlj-Fiziluxcj F`cmefil

î{dr Jc{dvezedo, I{{lecj [ùvefv I, 0;, >, 9223-9225, 2;;3

2[izdlvgu, N/7 X`coa, A/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, Nibrefizedo dn Velefdo Oiodqerc Jc~efcv ndr Slzrivcoveze~c, Libcl-Nrcc,

Rcil-Zemc Jczcfzedo dn Bedldaefil ioj F`cmefil V{cfecv, Oizsrc [rdzdfdlv, 9, :, 9199-912:, 2;;>

6Fruvzcf Zcfòdldau Zrijeoa Amb@, [livmi-Coìofcj F`cmefil î{dr Jc{dvezedo, [CF^J, Sojizcj,

I~ieliblc nrdm8 zz{8$$qqq/fruvzcf/fdm$zrejc{c/`zm WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

:Rcxi, M/7 Rij, C/7 Lcc, F/ cz il, Oiodfruvzilleoc Velefdo Nelmv Jc{dvezcj bu RN [CF^J ndr Bdzzdm-Aizc Zèo-

nelm Zriovevzdrv, Mizcreilv Rcvcirf` Vdfeczu, 59;, I22-96-9->, 2;;>3

Qiaocr, R/ V/7 Cllev, Q/ F/, î{dr-Leysej-Vdlej Mcfìoevm dn Veoalc Fruvzil Ardqz`, I{{lecj [ùvefv Lczzcrv, :,3, 95>:

>Uioa, [/, F`cmevzru ioj {ùvefv dn velefdo oiodqerc, Jilzdo Zriovifzedov, 66, :601-:659, 2;;0

1Lecbcr, F/ M/, Oiodvfilc Vfecofc ioj Zcfòdldau8 Bseljeoa i Bea Nszsrc nrdm Vmill Zèoav, MRV Bsllczeo, 20,

:0>-:59, 2;;6

0Nioa, @/7 Le, P/7 Vdoa, V/7 Ps, U/7 X`s, H/, Nibrefizedo dn vliozeoalu-ileaocj velefdo oiodqerc irriuv ndr vdlir fcll

i{{lefizedov, Oiodzcfòdldau, 95, 2331;6, 2;;0

5[coa, G/7 Xè{coa, @/7 X`s, H/, Nibrefizedo dn Lirac-Irci Velefdo Oiodqerc {-o Hsofzedo Jedjc Irriuv,

Ij~iofcj Mizcreilv, 9>, 16, 2;;:

9;Uioa, U/ @/7 Qs, V/ H/7 Fès, @/ V/7 Leo, [/ E/7 F`co, U/ Z/, Fiziluzef Ardqz` dn Velefdo Oiodqercv Ivvevzcj bu

Livcr Iblizedo, Hdsroil dn [ùvefil F`cmevzru B, 9;0, 6, 0:>, 2;;3

99Qioa, X/ L/, Oiodqercv ioj Oiodbclzv(V{reoacr, 2;;6%

Neclj Cnncfz Zriovevzdrv

92Fse, U/7 X`doa X/7 Qioa J/7 Qioa Q/7 Lecbcr F/ M/, @ea` [crndrmiofc Velefdo Oiodqerc Neclj Cnncfz

Zriovevzdrv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 6, 9:5, 2;;6

96Peioa H/7 Ls Q/7 @s U7 Qs U7 Uio @7 Lecbcr F/ M/7 Ac$Ve Oiodqerc `czcrdvzrsfzsrcv iv èa`-{crndrmiofc neclj-

cnncfz zriovevzdrv, Oizsrc, ::9, :05, 2;;>

9: Mirzcl R/7 Vf`mejz Z/7 V`ci @/ R/7 @crzcl Z/7 I~dsrev [`/, Veoalc ioj mslze-qill firbdo oiodzsbc neclj-cnncfzzriovevzdrv, I{{lecj [ùvefv Lczzcrv, 16, 91, 9550

93Fse U/7 Jsio P/7 @s H/7 Lecbcr F/ M/, Jd{eoa ioj Clcfzrefil Zriov{drz eo velefdo oiodqercv, I{{lecj [ùvefil

F`cmevzru B, 9;:, 22, 2;;;

9>Vzcro, C/ cz il, Libcl-nrcc emmsodjczcfzedo qez` FMDV-fdm{izeblc vcmefdojsfzeoa oiodqercv, Oizsrc, ::3,

395, 2;;1

91Fdlle, I/7 Nivdle, I/7 [evioi, V/7 Ns, ^/7 Bccf`cr, [/7 Meloc, Q/ E/7 Ncrrire, I/ F/, Oiodqerc lez`dari{ù do Velefdo7

Oiod Lczzcrv, 0, 9630, 2;;0

90Gdd, V/ M/7 Cjclvzceo, M/ J/7 Le, Y/7 Ref`zcr, F/ I/7 ^dacl, C/ M/, Velefdo oiodqercv iv coìofcmcoz-mdjc

Vf`dzzgu-birrecr neclj-cnncfz zriovevzdrv, Oiodzcfòdldau, 9>, 9:02, 2;;3

95Mirzeocx H/7 Mirzocx R/ ^/7 Airfei R/, Velefdo Oiodqerc Zriovevzdrv qez` i Fìoocl Qejz` dn :om Nibrefizcj

bu INM Oiodlez`dari{ù, Oiod Lczzcrv, 0, 6>6>, 2;;0


29/30

[ i a c 2 5 d n 6 ;

2;Ysezdreiod O/ H/7 Gimeov Z/ E/, Eozcariziblc Oiodqerc Zriovevzdrv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 0, ::9;, 2;;0

29X`doa X/7 Uioa F/7 Lecbcr F/M/, Velefdo Oiodqercv ioj Oiodqerc @czcrdvzrsfzsrcv, Oiodvelefdo (Clvc~ecr,

2;;0% {{/ 91>-29>

22[izcoz Vzdrm, SV [izcoz >591261 Zcm{crizsrc jc{cojcoz rcaslizedo dn z`rcv`dlj ~dlziac, 2;;3 I~ieliblc

nrdm8 `zz{8$$qqq/{izcozvzdrm/sv${izcozv$>591261$jcvfre{zedo/`zml WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

26Bhdrg, M/ Z/7 @iujco, D/7 Vf`mej, @/7 Recl, @/7 Recvv, Q/, ^crzefil vsrrdsoj-aizcj velefdo oiodqerc em{ifz

edoexizedo neclj-cnncfz zriovevzdrv, I{{lecj [ùvefv Lczzcrv, 5;, 9:299;, 2;;1

Odo~dlizelc Mcmdru sveoa Mdlcfslc-Aizcj Oiodqercv

2:Eozcl Fdr{drizedo, Mddrcv Liq, sojizcj, I~ieliblc nrdm8 `zz{8$$qqq/eozcl/fdm$zcfòdldau$mddrcvliq$eojcp/`zm

WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

23Eozcl Fdr{drizedo, >; Ucirv dn z`c Zriovevzdr8 95:1 2;;1, 2;;1, I~ieliblc nrdm8

`zz{8$$qqq/eozcl/fdm$zcfòdldau$zemcleoc/{jn WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

2>Gioclldv, M/, Ocq Lenc ndr Mddrcv Liq, 2;;3, I~ieliblc nrdm8 `zz{8$$ocqv/focz/fdm$Ocq-lenc-ndr-Mddrcv-

Liq$2;;5-9;;>T6-3>12:03/`zml WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

21@sioa, U/7 Jsio, P/7 Fse, U/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, Aillesm Oezrejc Oiodqerc Oiodjc~efcv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 2, 2, 9;9,

2;;2

20Fse, U/7 X`doa, X/7 Qioa, J/7 Qioa, Q/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, @ea` [crndrmiofc Velefdo Oiodqerc Neclj Cnncfz

Zriovevzdrv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 6, 9:5, 2;;6

25Jsio, P/7 @sioa, U/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, Odo~dlizelc Mcmdru ioj [rdarimmiblc Ldaef nrdm Mdlcfslc-Aizcj

Oiodqercv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 2, :01, 2;;2

6;Gsmir, ^/, Oiodvelefdo (Clvc~ecr, 2;;0%

69@sioa, U/7 Jsio, P/7 Fse, U/7 Lis`do, L/ H/7 Gem, G/-@/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, Ldaef Aizcv ioj Fdm{szizedo nrdm

Ivvcmblcj Oiodqerc Bseljeoa Bldfgv, Vfecofc, 25:, 33:3, 9696, 2;;9

Oiodvcovdrv Jczcfzedo dn JOI . JOI vcyscofc ~ireizedov62

Bdasc, R/ Q/, Oiodzcfòdldau8 qìz irc z`c {rdv{cfzv ndr vcovdrv4Vcovdr Rc~ecq, 2:, 6, 236, 2;;:

66Vmez`, V/7 Oiacl, J/ H/, Oiodzcfòdldau-Coiblcj Vcovdrv8 [dvvebelezecv, Rcilezecv, ioj I{{lefizedov, Vcovdrv

Miaixeoc, 2;;6, I~ieliblc nrdm8 `zz{8$$qqq/vcovdrvmia/fdm$vcovdrv$irzeflc$irzeflcJcziel/hv{4ej=6>9261

WIffcvvcj 9;z`

Ncbrsiru 2;;5]6:

Zioa, P/7 Biovirsoze{, V/ cz il/, Firbdo Oiodzsbc JOI vcovdr ioj vcoveoa mcfìoevm, Oiod Lczzcrv, >, 0,9>62-9>6>, 2;;>

63Xìoa, A/ H/7 Xìoa, A/7 F`si, H/ @/, JOI Vcoveoa bu Velefdo Oiodqerc8 Fìrac Liucr Jevziofc Jc{cojcofc,

Oiod Lczzcrv, 0, :, 9;>>-9;1;, 2;;0

6>@i`, H/7 Lecbcr, F/ M/, Jercfz Slzrivcoveze~c Clcfzrefil Jczcfzedo dn JOI ioj JOI Vcyscofc îreizedov Sveoa

Oiodqerc Oiodvcovdrv, Oiod Lczzcrv, :, 9, 39-3:, 2;;:

61F`revcu, L/ I/7 Lcc, A/ S/7 DNcrrill, C/, Fd~ilcoz Izzif`mcoz dn Vuoz`czef JOI zd Vcln-Ivvcmblcj Mdodliucr

Nelmv, Osflcef Ifejv Rcvcirf`, 2:, 93, 6;69, 955>

60Bcecr, M/7 @d`cevcl, H/ J/, ^crvizelc Jcre~izevizedo dn Vdlej Vs{{drz Mcjei ndr Fd~ilcoz Bdojeoa do JOI-

Mefrdfè{v, Osflcef Ifejv Rcvcirf`, 21, 5, 951;, 9555


30/30

[ i a c 6 ; d n 6 ;

65Le, X/7 Rihcojrio, B/ cz il,Velefdo oiodqercv ndr vcyscofc-v{cfenef JOI vcoveoa jc~efc nibrefizedo ioj

vemslizedo, I{{lecj [ùvefv I, 0;, 9231-92>6, 2;;3

:;Oeclvco, [/ C/7 Ca`dlm, M/7 Bcra, R/ @/7 Bsfìrjz, D/, Vcyscofc-Vclcfze~c Rcfdaoezedo dn JOI bu Vzrioj

Jev{lifcmcoz qez` i Zùmeoc-Vsbvzezszcj [dluimejc, Vfecofc,23:, 3;61, 9:51, 9559

:9Qìoa, J/7 Heo, V/7 Qs, U/7 Lecbcr, F/M/, Lirac-Vfilc @ecrirfèfil Draioexizedo dn Oiodqerc Irriuv ndr

Eozcarizcj Oiodvuvzcmv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 6, 5, 9233-9235, 2;;6

Lezèsm Bizzcrecv qez` Velefdo Oiodqerc Iodjcv

:2Lulc7 Fse, U/, AM-^dlz/fdm8 Eozcr~ecq qez` Jr/ Fse, Eo~cozdr dn Velefdo Oiodqerc Lezèsm-edo Bizzcru

Brcigz`rdsa`, 2;;1, I~ieliblc nrdm8 `zz{8$$am-~dlz/fdm$2;;1$92$29$am-~dlzfdm-eozcr~ecq-qez`-jr-fse-eo~cozdr-dn-velefdo-oiodqerc-lezèsm-edo-bizzcru-brcigz`rdsa`$ WIffcvvcj 9;

z`Ncbrsiru 2;;5]

:6Fìo, F/7 [coa, @/7 Les, A/7 MfElqriz`, G/7 Xìoa, P/ N/7 @`saaeov, R/ I/7 Fse, U/, @ea` {crndrmiofc Lezèsm

bizzcru iodjcv sveoa Velefdo oiodqercv7 Oizsrc Oiodzcfòdldau, 6, 69-63, 2;;0::

Lig, B/7 Csjcb, L/7 [crceri-Rimdvi, H/7 Fdhdfirsb, F/ V/7 [rebizb, J/7 Rds~ercf, C/, Velefdo oiodqercv ivocaize~c clcfzrdjc ndr lezèsm-edo mefrdbizzcrecv7 Clcfzrdf`cmefi Ifzi Clvc~ecr, 36, 33203362, 2;;0

:3[coa, G/7 Hec, H/7 Xìoa, Q/7 Lcc, V/, Velefdo oiodqercv ndr rcfìraciblc lezèsm-edo bizzcru iodjcv7 I{{lecj

[ùvefv Lczzcrv, 56, ;669;3, 2;;0

Vdlir Fcllv sveoa Velefdo Oiodqercv

:>Nioa, @/7 Le, P/7 Vdoa, V/7 Ps, U/7 X`s, H/, Nibrefizedo dn vliozeoalu-ileaocj velefdo oiodqerc irriuv ndr vdlir fcll

i{{lefizedov, Oiodzcfòdldau, 95, 2331;6, 2;;0

:1[coa, G/7 Qioa, P/7 Lcc, V/, Velefdo oiodqerc irriu {`dzdclcfzrdf`cmefil vdlir fcllv, I{{lecj [ùvefv Lczzcrv,

52, 9>69;6, 2;;0

:0Arzxcl, M/, [`dzd~dlzief ioj {`dzdclcfzrdf`cmefil fdo~crvedo dn vdlir cocrau, [èl/ Zriov/ R/ Vdf/ I, 6>3,

556-9;;3, 2;;1

:5V{sracdo, H/ M/7 Izqizcr, @/ I/7 Lcqev, O/ V/, I Fdm{irevdo Bczqcco z`c Bcì~edr dn Oiodrdj Irriu ioj

[lioir Fj(Vc, Zc% [`dzdclcfzrdjcv, Hdsroil dn [ùvefil F`cmevzru V{sracdo, 992, 93, >90> >956, 2;;0

3;Giucv, B/M/7 Izqizcr, @/ I/, Fdm{irevdo dn z`c jc~efc {ùvefv {reofe{lcv dn {lioir ioj rijeil {-o hsofzedo

oiodrdj vdlir fcllv, Hdsroil dn I{{lecj [ùvefv, 51, 99:6;2, 2;;3

39Gevlusg, ^/ ^/7 Jemezrec~, D/ [/, Oiodrdjv ioj Oiodzsbcv ndr Vdlir Fcllv, Hdsroil dn Oiodvfecofc ioj

Oiodzcfòdldau, 0, 969-9:0, 2;;0

32

@s, L/7 F`co, A/, Ioiluvev dn D{zefil Ibvdr{zedo eo Velefdo Oiodqerc Irriuv ndr [`dzd~dlzief I{{lefizedov, OiodLczzcrv, 1, 99, 62:56232, 2;;1

36Zeio, B/7 X`coa, P/7 Gcm{i, Z/H/7 Nioa, U/7 Us, O/7 Us, A/7 @sioa, H/7 Lecbcr , F/M/, Fdipeil velefdo Oiodqercv

iv vdlir fcllv ioj Oiodclcfzrdoef {dqcr vdsrfcv, Oizsrc, ::5, 19>:, 003-005, 2;;1

3:Gcm{i, Z/H/, Veoalc ioj Ziojcm Ipeil {-e-o Oiodqerc [`dzd~dlzief Jc~efcv, Oiod Lczzcrv, 0, 9;, 6:3>-6:>;,

2;;0

Silicon Nanowires Research Report

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