Silicon battery research in elkem

Advanced materials shaping the future

SILICON BATTERY RESEARCH

IN ELKEM

Elkem AS, Technology

Ragnar Tronstad

25.10.2015

Advanced materials shaping the future2

Elkem Technology, Corporate R&D

Elkem SolarElkem Carbon

Elkem Fiskaa, Kristiansand


ELKEM HAS FOUR OPERATING DIVISIONS

Elkem CarbonLeading producer of electrode paste and other carbon products

Elkem Foundry Products Leading producer of ferrosilicon alloys for iron foundries and steel industry

5 plants in Norway, Iceland, Canada and China

SiliconesOne of the foremost fully integrated silicone manufacturers in the world

8 plant in France, Spain, UK, Italy, Germany, US, Brazil and China

5 plants in Norway, Brazil, South Africa and China

Elkem Silicon MaterialsGlobal producer and supplier of silicon, microsilica and specialty products

3 plants in Norway


• Quartz is the source of silicon, the other raw

materials are all carbon-based and used for

reducing the SiO2 to Si

• Coal, coke, wood chips and charcoal are the

most common carbon sources

• Silicon is the second most abundant element

in nature

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THE (FERRO)SILICON PRODUCTION PROCESS

SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO

Carbothermic reduction of quartz (SiO2)


SILICON IS USED IN A VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES

New product

Silicon

anodes in Li-

ion batteris


THE BATTERY MARKET IS LARGE AND CONTINUES TO GROW

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THE LI-ION BATTERIES IS THE MOST INNOVATIVE BATTERY AREA

The majority of battery patents are filed in Japan and Korea The two graphs indicate high focus on Li-ion batteries

among car producer

Ref.: J.A.Silva, S. Oliveira, G. Távora, S. Mendonca; ”The role of innovation in the

future PV and storage markets”, EUPVSEC, Hamburg, 2015.


LI-ION BATTERY

Elkems target: To be a supplier of anode material to the Li-ion battery.

Anode material covers for 9,9 % of the material needed for production of a Li-ion battery.


SILICON IS THE ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST LI BATTERY CAPACITY POTENTIALSELKEM IS DEVELOPING A UNIQUE SILICON QUALITY FOR THIS PURPOSE

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Silicon anodes:

Can reduce battery weight in

Tesla from 750 kg today to 300 kg

tomorrow and 100 kg

in the future

e-Si for batteries:

Lower energy consumption

for production of e-Si than

for ESS and considerably

lower than for poly-Si.


SILICON TO LI-BATTERIES

• A rapid growing market for Li-ion batteries

• Silicon has the highest capacity potentials for Li-ion

batteries, but expansion during lithiation can limit number of cycles.

• Initial R&D program has demonstrated (half-cell tests)1200 cycles and

double capacity -compared to present commercial standard values - by

using Silgrain® e-Si as anode material in Li-ion batteries.

• Further improvement of binder system and material homogeneity are

included in new R&D projects.

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Summary:

Silicon battery research in elkem

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