SILENTLY…

1. Copy this week’s assignments in your agenda

2. Get out 1 sheet of paper for notes

The Southern Colonies

• Why does England want colonies in America?

• What do you think they hope to gain?

• 1st colony: Virginia

Jamestown?

• 1st permanent English settlement (1607)

• Established by 105 men & boys sent by the London Company

(joint-stock company)

Problems facing Jamestown?

• No survival skills (farming, carpentry)

• Disease-carrying mosquitoes

• Conflicts with Natives• Hunger• 2/3 of original

colonists died by 1st winter

John Smith

• Takes over Jamestown in 1608

• Forces people to work harder

• Makes peace with Powhatan tribe

• Success is short-lived….

Tobacco

• Saves Jamestown

• Major cash crop

• New blend developed by John Rolfe-married Pocahontas

Importance of 1619

1. First slaves arrive in VA

2. House of Burgesses

3. Elected assembly

4. First republican gov’t in colonies

Economy?

• Depends on AGRICULTURE

• Tobacco, rice, indigo are grown on plantations

leads to reliance on Slave Labor

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Small farmers (led by Nathanial Bacon) opposed to taxes and policies towards NA

want to take Indian’s land

• Controlled and burned Jamestown but rebellion ended after Bacon died

Guided Reading Questions

Sec. 1 & 3

Southern and Middle Colonies

1. List the remaining southern colonies.

• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

2. Why did Cecilius Calvert establish the colony of Maryland?

• As a safe-haven for English Catholics

3. Why was the Religious Toleration Act of 1649 important?

• 1st law in support of religious freedom in the colonies

4. Who were the Lord Proprietors of the Carolina Colony?

• 8 of King Charles II supporters

• Became known as the Lords Proprietors

5. Why did the Carolina colony split into North and South Carolina?

• Settlements were far

apart, making it hard to govern

• Conflicts with Natives and Pirates

6. Why did James Oglethorpe found Georgia?

• Place for debtors to get fresh start

• Goal: small farms, slavery illegal

7. List the Middle Colonies (4 )

• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware

8. How do New York and New Jersey become English colonies?

• The English took it from the Dutch

DUKE OF YORK

9. Who are Quakers?

• Religious group• Supported

nonviolence and equality of men & women

10. How did William Penn’s beliefs influence

the government in Pennsylvania? • He had limited power• Elected assembly• Religious freedom to

all Christians

11. How was the economy of the Middle Colonies similar to that of the Southern

colonies? How was it different?

• Both relied on farming

• South—cash crops on plantations

• Middle—staple crops like wheat & oats on farms

• Did not use as many slaves as the South but more than the New England colonies

12. How were indentured servants different from slaves?

• They were eventually given their freedom after a certain number of years.

• Slaves are slaves for life.

The New England Colonies

Sec. 2

New England Colonies

• Massachusetts• Connecticut• Rhode Island• New Hampshire

Puritans & Pilgrims

• Puritans—want to change Anglican Church (Church of England)

• Pilgrims—want to SEPARATE (and form new) from the Anglican Church

Pilgrims on the Move

• Pilgrims move to Holland and then…

• Sail to America on the Mayflower in 1620

• Land on Cape Cod & form Plymouth colony

Mayflower Compact

• 41 male passengers sign

• Agree to make laws for general good

Pilgrims & Native Americans?

• Friendly with Wampanoag tribe

• Squanto teaches them to farm

• 1st Thanksgiving

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Founded by Puritans under John Winthrop

• Goal: Create ideal Christian community

• Includes Plymouth colony

Role of Religion?

• Closely linked to gov’t

• Religious leaders had LOTS of power

• Only male church members were allowed to vote

• Very INTOLERANT of differences!

• Led to new colonies

• Connecticut—founded by Thomas Hooker• Rhode Island— founded by Roger Williams• Anne Hutchison—critic of Puritan leaders• Salem Witch Trials

Economy?

• NO staple crops because of harsh climate and poor soil

• Economy based on TRADE

• FISHING and SHIPBUILDING were leading industries

• They also had lots of skilled craftsmen such as blacksmiths, weavers, and printing press workers