Significance of the Whig Reforms . uk . uk.
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Transcript of Significance of the Whig Reforms . uk . uk.
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Significance of Significance of the Whig the Whig ReformsReforms
www.educationforum.co.www.educationforum.co.ukuk
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Factory Act 1833Factory Act 1833• The 10 Hours Movement of working men
and women had campaigned hard for factory reform – they were disappointed by the Act which focussed only on children
• Working people lost faith in the Whigs turning more to the Chartist Movement
• Inspector system set up by the Act (all four of them!) wasn’t very effective in the short term, but in the long term had set a precedent and a structure for later factory reform.
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Poor Law Amendment Act Poor Law Amendment Act 18341834
• Reinforced the Elizabethan view that poverty and unemployment was down to personal choice and personal shortcomings.
• Conditions in the Union workhouses were dreadful – segregation, families split up, ‘prison’ uniforms and regulations, dreadful food and hard labour.
• ‘Fear of the workhouse’ became a feature of working class culture for 100 years
• Widespread resistance to the PLAA in industrial north with the industrial working class again losing faith with the Whigs and turning more and more to radical movements like Chartism
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Municipal Corporations Act Municipal Corporations Act 18351835
• Consolidated new found middle class political power with the extension of local votes to the middle class
• New councils dominated by businessmen, shopkeepers and professionals
• Law and order and the protection of property improved with policing
• Local government still unwilling to tackle the problems with affected the working class most – housing, clean water, sewers
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Other ChangesOther Changes• The Education grant can be seen as a
tentative first step towards state education.
More rights for religious minorities:• 1836 Marriage Act gave Nonconformists
and Catholics the right to marry in their own churches
• London University (who admitted non C of E students) given right to confer degrees
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SummarySummary• Some influence of Benthamite idea of
‘utility’ evident• Some influence of humanitarianism• Middle class ideas of economic laissez
faire however still a powerful influence• Very little for the poor – in fact emerge
from the Whig years in a worse position than before – working class turn political attention to Chartism
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1834 Interruption1834 Interruption• In July 1834 Grey resigned to be
succeeded by Melbourne. Melbourne didn’t really want the job and by November had resigned.
• King William then asks Robert Peel to form a minority Tory Government. The Tories are defeated 6 times in 6 weeks in the Commons and by 1835 the Whigs are back in office.
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Tamworth Manifesto and Tamworth Manifesto and the birth of Conservatismthe birth of Conservatism
• The only act of any significance during peel’s very brief premiership was the ‘Tamworth Manifesto’ – an address Peel made to the votes of Tamworth (his constituency) in 1835.
• Peel redefined Toryism as ‘Conservatism’ accepting the changes of the Great Reform Bill and ending the Tory resistance to all change.
• From this point on the Conservatives believe in ‘conserving’ was is good but also to ‘redress for proven grievances’