Significance of Pangkor Engagement
description
Transcript of Significance of Pangkor Engagement
![Page 1: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Significance of Pangkor Engagement
• Beginning of Residential System [= indirect rule] in Malaya• An official change of policy of intervention• Sultan remained head of state but had to accept
the advice of a “Resident” in all matters of administration & government
• British Residents appeared in Selangor, Negri Sembilan & Pahang
• British merchants were very pleased with the possible benefits of safety and more trading opportunities
![Page 4: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ROLE OF THE RESIDENT• Set up a good system of taxation & collection of
revenue which would be used to develop the state
• Restore peace and set up a system of law & order• Develop the tin mines and other resources of the
state• Persuade the Malay chiefs & people that change
is beneficial• To be diplomatic• Not to offend the dignity of the Sultan• Not to appear to be ruling• Not to criticise the local customs & practices• Would not be supported by an army or police
force • Dependent on relationship/rapport with the Sultan
![Page 5: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
British GovernmentGovernor of Straits Settlements
SultanResident
Assistant ResidentMalay chiefs
![Page 6: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
[a] JAMES BIRCH• Worked in Sri Lanka and
Straits Settlements as Colonial Secretary before new posting
• Proposed changes/Goals: [1] reorganise revenue collection [2] put an end to debt-slavery [3] introduce new set of Civil & Criminal Laws
• How were [1] & [2] done before Birch arrived?
• What problems would Birch face?
• What characteristics should he possess to succeed in his work?
![Page 7: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Without permission from London, Jervois decided that the Resident’spower should be increased - be called the Queen’s Commissioners and rule Perak directly on behalf of the Sultan
![Page 11: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
It was decided that thereshould not be direct British rule in Perak and the other states.
![Page 17: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sir Hugh Low
![Page 18: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Approach
• Consultative • Tolerance & understanding • Trust and confidence in Malay leadership • Friendly relationship between Resident and
Malay chiefs• Sincere and keen in developing the state
![Page 19: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reforms
• State Council • Removal of debt slavery • New System of Public Revenue • Establishment of system of justice • development of infrastructure eg roads, railways
![Page 20: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Results
• peace and stability • Paid off debt of $160,000• Surplus of $1.5 million
![Page 21: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Benefits of Residential System
• Political stability - end of Larut wars & succession disputes
• Building of infrastructure - system of roads & rail to link mining areas to ports eg first rail built in 1885 linking Taiping to Port Weld
![Page 22: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Benefits of Residential System
• Development of natural resources - tin mining encouraged, source of revenue for
Perak and Selangor • New crops introduced - pepper, sugar cane, gambier, tobacco, rubber - rubber most successful – 1877 in Perak by
Hugh Low
![Page 23: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Benefits of Residential System• Growth of towns - Taiping, Ipoh – tin mining towns
• Population - need for labour : availability of jobs in tin
mines and rubber plantations – influx of migrants from China & India
![Page 24: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Benefits of Residential System• Higher standard of living - improved health facilities - provide infrastructures eg rail, road, water
supplies, electricity• Education - western & Chinese education - schools built
![Page 25: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Why Federated Malay States • Different developments - developed own systems of law, justice,
taxation - differences in prosperity - large revenue in
Perak & Selangor but not in Pahang & Negri Sembilan
- lack of co-ordination in development of communications
→ states drifting apart, difficult to co-operate
![Page 28: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Why Federated Malay States• FMS : greater uniformity & efficiency in
administration - cut costs - level up weaker states like Pahang - inter-state communication links - reduce differences • Support for poorer states - common treasury
![Page 29: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Durbar
![Page 30: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Significance of Pangkor Engagement](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103008/568164ce550346895dd6f3be/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Benefits of FMS• Prosperity - revenue rose from $8.5 million (1895) to $24
million (1902) • Economic development - growth of tin and rubber industries - Rubber Research Institute established - tin smelting plants in Singapore &
Butterworth (Penang)• Infrastructure - roads & rail built between states