{\rtf1{\fonttbl{\f2 Georgia Bold;}{\f3 Georgia;}{\f4 Georgia Bold Italic;}{\f5 Georgia;}{\f6 Georgia;}{\f7 Georgia;}{\f8 Georgia Bold;}{\f9 Georgia Bold;}{\f10 Georgia Italic;}{\f11 Palatino Linotype Bold;}{\f12 Palatino Linotype Bold;}{\f13 Georgia Bold;}{\f14 Georgia Bold;}{\f15 Georgia Bold Italic;}{\f16 Palatino Linotype Bold;}{\f17 Palatino Linotype Bold;}{\f18 Times New Roman;}{\f19 Times New Roman;}{\f20 Georgia;}{\f21 Georgia Bold;}{\f22 Georgia Bold Italic;}{\f23 Georgia Bold;}{\f24 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f25 Georgia;}{\f26 Georgia Italic;}{\f27 Georgia Bold;}{\f28 Georgia Bold;}{\f29 Georgia Bold;}{\f30 Georgia;}{\f1000000 Times New Roman;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrtn\landscape\paperw14200\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8414\sb75\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs22 NELAGODNOST U KULTURI \par\pard\ql \li9816\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9816\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9816\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9816\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9816\sb139\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 P r e v e o \par\pard\ql \li8966\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8966\sb38\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 D r \u272? o r \u273? e\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 B o g l \u263? e v i \u263? \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw6880\paperh11060\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2899\sb120\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 I \par\pard\qj \li369\ri1198\sb251\sl-254\slmult0\fi432 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Nemogu\u263?no je osloboditi se utiska da ljudi naj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u269?e\u353?\u263?e mere la\u382?nim merilima. Pri\u382?eljkuju mo\u263?, uspeh \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 i bogatstvo, i tome se dive u drugih. Potcenjuju, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 me\u273?utim, istinske \u382?ivotne vrednosti. Pa ipak, prili \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 kom dono\u353?enja tako op\u353?tih sudova preti nam opasnost \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 da zaboravimo \u353?arolikost \u269?ovekovog sveta i njego \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 vog du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota. Postoje pojedinci kojima savre-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 menici ne uskra\u263?uju obo\u382?avanje iako njihova veli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u269?ina po\u269?iva na vrlinama i delima sasvim stranim ci \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ljevima i idealima mase. Lako \u263?emo do\u263?i do pretpo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 stavke da ipak samo manjina priznaje te velikane, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 dok velika ve\u263?ina ne \u382?eli bilo \u353?ta da zna o njima. Ali \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 verovatno sve nije tako jednostavno, jer se mi\u353?ljenje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ljudi ne sla\u382?e s njihovim postupanjem, budu\u263?i da su \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 njihove \u382?elje mnogostruke. \par\pard\qj \li369\ri1215\sb27\sl-254\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Jedan od tih izuzetnih ljudi naziva sebe u pi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 smima mojim prijateljem. Poslao sam mu svoj mali \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 rukopis u kome religiju smatram iluzijom. On mi je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 odgovorio da bi se potpuno slo\u382?io sa mojim sudom o \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 religiji, ali \u382?ali \u353?to nisam poklonio pa\u382?nju pravom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 izvoru religioznih ose\u263?anja. To je naro\u269?ito ose\u263?anje, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 koje ga nije nikada napustilo, \u269?ije su mu postojanje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 potvrdili mnogi, a on mora pretpostaviti da postoji \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw6140\paperh11060{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop0\shpright6140\shpbottom11060\shpwr3\shpfblwtxt0\shpz-10000\shplid2{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn pib}{\sv 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Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\li1281\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li1281\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li1281\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li1281\sb132\sl-161\slmult0\fi0\tx3148 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 264\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 kulture i umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1276\sb0\sl-255\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1276\ri747\sb19\sl-255\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 i u miliona ljudi. To ose\u263?anje on bi nazvao ose\u263?anjem \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ve\u269?nosti, to je ose\u263?anje o ne\u269?em bezgrani\u269?nom, bez \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 ograda, tako re\u263?i okeansko. Ono je \u269?isto subjektivna \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u269?injenica, nije verska dogma, na njega se ne na-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dovezuje nikakvo ose\u263?anje daljeg postojanja li\u269?nosti, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ali je izvor religiozne energije, koju razne crkve i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 religiozni sistemi kaptiraju, sprovode u odre\u273?ene ka \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nale, a svakako i crpe. Ljudi se mogu nazvati reli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 gioznim samo na osnovu ovog \u8222?okeanskog ose\u263?anja", \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u269?ak i ako se odri\u269?u svake vere i svake iluzije. \par\pard\qj \li1291\ri732\sb10\sl-250\slmult0\fi422 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Takva izjava moga cenjenog prijatelja, koji je i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 sam jednom poetski veli\u269?ao \u269?ari iluzije, pri\u269?inila mi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 je ne male te\u353?ko\u263?e. Nije lako nau\u269?no obra\u273?ivati ose \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u263?anja. Mo\u382?emo poku\u353?ati da opi\u353?emo njihove fizio \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 lo\u353?ke znake. Gde to ne po\u273?e za rukom \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8212? a pla\u353?im \par\pard\qj \li1300\ri737\sb2\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 se da se ni to okeansko ose\u263?anje ne\u263?e mo\u269?i okarakte-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 risati na taj na\u269?in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u8212?, ne preostaje drugo nego se \par\pard\qj \li1296\ri722\sb7\sl-252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dr\u382?ati sadr\u382?aja predstave koji se asocijativno naj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 lak\u353?e pridru\u382?uje ose\u263?anju. Ako sam dobro razumeo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 svoga prijatelja, on misli na isto to \u353?to je jedan ori \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ginalan i prili\u269?no \u269?udan pesnik dao kao utehu svome \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 junaku pre nego \u353?to je dobrovoljno oti\u353?ao u smrt: \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u8222?Ne mo\u382?emo ispasti iz ovoga sveta".\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs11\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs10 1 \par\pard\qj \li1300\ri729\sb28\sl-253\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 Dakle, to je ose\u263?anje neraskidljive povezanosti, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 pripadanja celini spoljnog sveta. Rekao bih da mi to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 vi\u353?e li\u269?i na neku vrstu intelektualnog uvida, naravno \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 ne bez propratnog ose\u263?ajnog tona, koji je prisutan i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 u drugih misaonih akata sli\u269?nog dometa. Na svojoj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 li\u269?nosti nisam se mogao uveriti da je takvo ose\u263?anje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 primarno. Zbog toga, pak, nemam prava da pori\u269?em \par\pard\li1305\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1305\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1305\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1305\sb78\sl-149\slmult0\fi436\tx1907\tx5249 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs8\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs7 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 D i e t r i c h C h r i s t i a n G r a b b e ,\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Hannibal:\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 \u8222? D a , iz s v e t a\par\pard\li1305\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 n e \u263? e m o i s p a s t i . J e d n o m i z a u v e k s m o u n j e m u . "\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7420\paperh11100\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5532\colsr160\colno2\colw1588\colsr160\ql \li2496\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2496\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2496\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2496\sb69\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost u kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5692\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5692\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5692\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb36\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 265 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li854\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li854\ri1250\sb21\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 njegovo stvarno postojanje u drugih. Pitanje je samo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 da li se ono ta\u269?no tuma\u269?i i da li se mo\u382?e priznati \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 kao \u8222?fons et origo" svih potreba za religijom. \par\pard\qj \li864\ri1234\sb7\sl-254\slmult0\fi417 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Nemam ni\u353?ta da dodam \u353?to bi bitno doprinelo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 re\u353?enju ovoga problema. Ideja da \u269?ovek putem ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 posrednog, od po\u269?etka na to usmerenog obe\u263?anja sa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 znaje o svojoj povezanosti s okolnim svetom zvu\u269?i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 toliko strano, tako se lo\u353?e uklapa u potku na\u353?e psiho \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 logije, da je opravdan poku\u353?aj psihoanaliti\u269?kog, tj . \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 genetskog tuma\u269?enja jednog takvog ose\u263?anja. Onda \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 nam se name\u263?e slede\u263?i tok misli: normalno, ni u \u353?ta \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 nismo sigurniji do u ose\u263?anje samoga sebe, sopstve-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nog Ja. Ovo Ja nam izgleda samostalno, jedinstveno, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 dobro ograni\u269?eno od svega drugoga. Tek nas je psi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 hoanaliti\u269?ko izu\u269?avanje nau\u269?ilo da je takav izgled \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 samo varka, da Ja naro\u269?ito prema unutra bez jasnih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 granica prelazi u nesvesno du\u353?evno zbivanje koje mi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ozna\u269?avamo kao Ono, kome je istovremeno fasada. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Psihoanaliza nam duguje jo\u353? mnoga obave\u353?tenja o \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 odnosima na\u353?eg Ja prema Onom. Izgleda da je bar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 prema spolja Ja jasno i o\u353?tro ograni\u269?eno. Druga\u269?ije \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 biva samo u jednom stanju, koje je, istina, neobi\u269?no, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 ali koje se zato ne mo\u382?e oglasiti bolesnim. Na vrhun \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 cu zaljubljenosti \u269?ini se da granica izme\u273?u Ja i ob \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 jekta i\u353?\u269?ezava. Ne obaziru\u263?i se na \u269?ulne dokaze, za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ljubljeni smatra da su Ja i Ti jedno i spreman je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 da se pona\u353?a kao da je tako. Ono \u353?to mo\u382?e privre \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 meno da ukloni fiziolo\u353?ka funkcija, mo\u382?e, naravno, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 da bude poreme\u263?eno i usled nekog bolesnog procesa. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Patologija nam je pokazala vi\u353?e stanja u kojima gra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nica izme\u273?u Ja i spoljnog sveta postaje neodre\u273?ena \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 ili se granice stvarno pogre\u353?no utvr\u273?uju. U takvim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 slu\u269?ajevima nam delovi sopstvenog tela izgledaju \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7360\paperh11000\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\li1281\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1281\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1281\sb50\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2908 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 266\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture i umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1267\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1267\ri762\sb38\sl-253\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 strani, a delovi sopstvenog du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota, opa\u382?a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nja, misli, ose\u263?anja, kao da ne pripadaju na\u353?em Ja. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 U drugim slu\u269?ajevima se spoljnom svetu pripisuje i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ono \u353?to je o\u269?igledno nastalo u na\u353?em Ja i \u353?to bi to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Ja trebalo da prizna kao svoje. I ose\u263?anje svoga Ja \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 je, dakle, tako\u273?e podlo\u382?no poreme\u263?ajima, granice tog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Ja nisu stalne. \par\pard\qj \li1272\ri766\sb47\sl-253\slmult0\fi431 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Daljim razmi\u353?ljanjem dolazimo do zaklju\u269?ka da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 to ose\u263?anje svoga Ja u odraslog \u269?oveka nije moglo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 da bude takvo od po\u269?etka. Moralo je pro\u263?i razvojni \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 put koji se, naravno, ne mo\u382?e dokazati, mada se mo\u382?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 rekonstruisati sa dosta velikom verovatno\u263?om.* Odoj-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u269?e jo\u353? ne razlikuje svoje Ja od spoljnog sveta kao \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 izvora ose\u263?anja koji na njega nadiru. To nau\u269?i po \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 stepeno, odgovaraju\u263?i na razne nadra\u382?aje. Na njega, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 svakako, ostavlja najja\u269?i utisak \u353?to neki izvori uz \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bu\u273?enja, koje kasnije otkriva kao svoje organe, mogu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 neprekidno da stvaraju ose\u263?aje, a drugi mu povre \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 meno i\u353?\u269?ezavaju. Me\u273?u takvima se nalazi i najvi\u353?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u382?eljeni, maj\u269?ina dojka, koju vra\u263?a tek pla\u269? kojim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 je tra\u382?i. Tako se Ja prvi put suo\u269?i s jednim \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8222?objek \par\pard\qj \li1272\ri780\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 tom", ne\u269?im \u353?to se nalazi \u8222?izvan" i \u353?to tek naro\u269?ita \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 akcija primorava da se pojavi. Drugi podsticaj izdva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 janju tog Ja iz mase ose\u263?aja, tj . priznanju jednog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8222?izvan", jednog spoljnog sveta, daju mu \u269?esti, razno \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 vrsni i neizbe\u382?ni ose\u263?aji bola i neprijatnosti. Princip \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 zadovoljstva koji neograni\u269?eno vlada zahteva njiho \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 vo uklanjanje i izbegavanje. Nastaje te\u382?nja da se od \par\pard\li1257\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1257\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1257\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1257\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1257\sb51\sl-149\slmult0\fi436\tx1864 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs8\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs7 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 V i d i m n o g o b r o j n e r a d o v e o r a z v o j u i o s e \u263? a n j u s v o g a\par\pard\li1257\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Ja p o \u269? e v od F e r e n c z i j a :\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Razvojni stupnjevi ose\u263?anja stvar\par\pard\li1257\sb21\sl-161\slmult0\fi9\tx1823\tx5736\tx6047 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 nosti\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (Entwicklungsstufen der Wirklichkeitssinnes)\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 \u8212?\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 1913 .\par\pard\li1257\sb31\sl-161\slmult0\fi4\tx3759\tx4265 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8212? pa do p r i l o g a P . F e d e r n a ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 1926 ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 1927 . i k a s n i j e .\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7300\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5508\colsr160\colno2\colw1492\colsr160\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb69\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost u kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb40\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 267 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li820\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li820\ri1158\sb17\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Ja odvoji sve \u353?to mo\u382?e postati izvorom neprijatnog, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 da se to izbaci napolje i stvori Ja nepomu\u263?enog za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dovoljstva, kome nasuprot stoji strano prete\u263?e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ,,spo-\par\pard\qj \li820\ri1162\sb8\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 lja". Granice toga primitivnog zadovoljnog Ja ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 mogu izbe\u263?i ispravkama u toku sticanja iskustava. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Pone\u353?to me\u273?u onim \u353?to ne bismo \u382?eleli napustiti, jer \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 pru\u382?a zadovoljstvo, ipak nije Ja, ve\u263? objekt, a mnoga \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 patnja koju bismo hteli da odstranimo poka\u382?e se ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 odvojiva od Ja, jer poti\u269?e iznutra. Tako nau\u269?imo kako \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 da namernim upravljanjem \u269?ulne delatnosti i odgo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 varaju\u263?om mi\u353?i\u263?nom aktivnosti razlikujemo unutra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u353?nje \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8212? ono \u353?to pripada svome Ja, od spolja\u353?njeg \u8212? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 onog \u353?to poti\u269?e iz spoljnog sveta. Time je na\u269?injen \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 prvi korak ka uspostavljanju principa realnosti, koji \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u263?e preovladavati tokom kasnijeg razvoja. Ovo razli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 kovanje, naravno, slu\u382?i prakti\u269?noj svrsi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8212? odbrani \par\pard\qj \li820\ri1174\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 od do\u382?ivljenih i prete\u263?ih neprijatnih ose\u263?aja. To \u353?to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 se Ja za odbranu od izvesnih unutra\u353?njih neprijatnih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nadra\u382?aja slu\u382?i istim metodama koje primenjuje i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 protiv neprijatnosti spolja \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8212? predstavlja polaznu \par\pard\ql \li820\sb26\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 ta\u269?ku zna\u269?ajnih bolesnih poreme\u263?aja. \par\pard\qj \li820\ri1177\sb11\sl-254\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Na taj na\u269?in, Ja se, dakle, odvaja od spoljnog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sveta. Ta\u269?nije re\u269?eno: u po\u269?etku Ja sadr\u382?i sve, a ka \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 snije odvaja od sebe jedan spoljni svet. Na\u353?e dana \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u353?nje ose\u263?anje svog Ja samo je zakr\u382?ljao ostatak jed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nog mnogo \u353?ireg, \u353?tavi\u353?e sveobuhvatnog ose\u263?anja, koje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 odgovara prisnijoj povezanosti svoga Ja sa okolnim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 svetom. Ako prihvatimo da se ovo primarno ose\u263?anje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 svoga Ja odr\u382?alo u ve\u263?oj ili manjoj meri u du\u353?evnom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u382?ivotu mnogih ljudi, onda bi ono stajalo kao pandan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 uz bok onom u\u382?e i o\u353?trije ograni\u269?enom ose\u263?anju svo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ga Ja u zrelo doba. Onom prvom potpuno odgova \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 raju sadr\u382?aji predstava o bezgrani\u269?nosti i povezano-\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7360\paperh11040\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\li1243\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1243\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1243\sb90\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2870 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 268\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture i umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1238\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1238\ri804\sb6\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 sti sa vaseljenom, isti sadr\u382?aji pomo\u263?u kojih moj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 prijatelj tuma\u269?i ono \u8222?okeansko" ose\u269?anje. Ipak, da li \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 smo u pravu kada tvrdimo da ono prvobitno i dalje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u382?ivi pored kasnijih oblika koji su postali od njega? \par\pard\qj \li1243\ri790\sb0\sl-255\slmult0\fi432 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Bez sumnje, takav slu\u269?aj nije \u269?udan niti na pod \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 ru\u269?ju du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota niti drugde. Uvereni smo da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 su najrazvijenije \u382?ivotinjske vrste proistekle od naj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 ni\u382?ih. Pa ipak, i danas nailazimo na sve jednostavne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u382?ivotne oblike me\u273?u \u382?ivima. Rod velikih gu\u353?tera je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 izumro i ustupio mesto sisarima, ali pravi predstav \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 nik toga roda, krokodil, jo\u353? \u382?ivi s nama. Analogija \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 je mo\u382?e biti malo daleka, a slaba strana joj je i to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u353?to pre\u382?ivele ni\u382?e vrste ve\u263?inom nisu pravi preci da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 na\u353?njih, razvijenijih. Me\u273?u\u269?lanovi su po pravilu izu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 mrli i poznati su samo kao rekonstrukcije. U oblasti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota, suprotno tome, odr\u382?avanje primi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 tivnog uz nove oblike koji su nastali od njega toliko \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 je \u269?esta pojava da je suvi\u353?no podupirati je prime-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 rima. Ona je naj\u269?e\u353?\u263?e posledica rascepa u razvoju. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Jedan kvantitativni deo nekog stava, nekog nagona \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ostao je nepromenjen, dok se drugi deo dalje razvio. \par\pard\qj \li1252\ri796\sb11\sl-254\slmult0\fi436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Ovim zadiremo u op\u353?tiji problem odr\u382?avanja u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 psihi, koji, tako re\u263?i, jo\u353? nije obra\u273?en, ali je toliko \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 privla\u269?an i zna\u269?ajan da \u263?emo se usuditi, iako je po \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 vod nedovoljan, da mu poklonimo nekoliko trenu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 taka pa\u382?nje. Otkada smo se oslobodili zablude da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nama dobro poznato zaboravljanje zna\u269?i razaranje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 tragova, odnosno, uni\u353?tenje upam\u263?enog, naginjemo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 suprotnom gledi\u353?tu: da u du\u353?evnom \u382?ivotu ne mo\u382?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 da propadne ni\u353?ta \u353?to je jednom nastalo. Na neki na \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u269?in, sve ostaje sa\u269?uvano, i pod povoljnim uslovima, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 na primer, u toku dovoljno duboke regresije, mo\u382?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ponovo izi\u263?i na videlo. Poku\u353?a\u263?emo, pore\u273?enjem iz \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7320\paperh11040\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5508\colsr160\colno2\colw1512\colsr160\ql \li2481\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2481\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2481\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2481\sb62\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost u kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5668\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb33\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 269 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li820\ri1177\sb250\sl-254\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 druge oblasti, da objasnimo \u353?ta zna\u269?i ova tvrdnja. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Uze\u263?emo za primer razvoj Ve\u269?nog Grada.\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs11\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs10 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 Istori\u269?ari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nam govore da je najstariji Rim zidinama ogra\u273?eno \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 naselje na Palatinu bila Roma Quadrata. Zatim sledi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 faza Septimontiuma, ujedinjenje naselja na pojedi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nim bre\u382?uljcima, i potom grad opasan Servijevim zi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dom. Jo\u353? kasnije, posle svih preobra\u382?aja u doba re \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 publike i ranog kraljevstva, nastaje varo\u353? koju je car \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Aurelije opasao zidinama. Ne\u263?emo dalje izu\u269?avati \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 preobra\u382?aje grada, ve\u263? se zapitati \u353?ta bi posetilac jo\u353? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 mogao da na\u273?e iz ranijih stadija u dana\u353?njem Rimu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 pod pretpostavkom da raspola\u382?e najsavr\u353?enijim isto \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 rijskim i topografskim znanjem. Aurelijev zid, sa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 izuzetkom nekih proloma, vide\u263?e skoro nepromenjen. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Ponegde mo\u382?e nai\u263?i na delove Servijevog bedema, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 koji su iskopavanjem dospeli na svetlost dana. Ako \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bi mnogo znao, vi\u353?e nego dana\u353?nja arheologija, mo\u382?da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 bi uspeo da ocrta ceo polo\u382?aj ovih zidina i obrise one \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Roma Quadrata. \u352?\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs20 to\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 se ti\u269?e gra\u273?evina koje su ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 kada bile sme\u353?tene u tome okviru \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8212? ne\u263?e ih na\u263?i, \par\pard\qj \li835\ri1182\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 ili samo neznatne ostatke, jer one vi\u353?e ne postoje. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Najbolje poznavanje Rima iz doba republike mo\u382?da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 bi mu omogu\u263?ilo da ozna\u269?i mesta gde su stajali hra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 movi i javne zgrade toga doba. To mesto sada zau \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 zimaju ru\u353?evine, ali ne prvobitnih zgrada nego i nji \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 hovih restauracija iz kasnijih vremena, posle po\u382?ara \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 i razaranja. Nije potrebno naro\u269?ito naglasiti da po-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 slednjih stole\u263?a, od renesanse naovamo, svi ovi ostaci \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 starog Rima izgledaju kao strano telo u mete\u382?u jed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nog velikog grada. Ponekad starina je svakako jo\u353? po-\par\pard\li840\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li840\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li840\sb150\sl-161\slmult0\fi427\tx5603 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs14 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 P r e m a\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 The Cambridge Ancient History\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 T . V I I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 1928 .\par\pard\li840\sb31\sl-161\slmult0\fi0\tx3097 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 The founding of Rome\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (Osnivanje Rima)\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 by H u g h "Last .\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7340\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\li1252\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1252\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1252\sb30\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2875 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 270\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 i\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1248\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1248\ri780\sb6\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 kopana u tlu ili ispod modernih gra\u273?evina. Istorijski \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 gradovi, kao Rim, pokazuju nam na taj na\u269?in odr\u382?a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 vanje pro\u353?log. \par\pard\qj \li1233\ri775\sb5\sl-254\slmult0\fi441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Na\u269?inimo sada fantasti\u269?nu pretpostavku da Rim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nije ljudsko naselje, ve\u263? du\u353?evno bi\u263?e sa sli\u269?no du \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 gom i bogatom pro\u353?lo\u353?\u263?u. U njemu, dakle, nije pro \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 palo ni\u353?ta od onoga \u353?to je jednom nastalo. U njemu, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pored poslednje faze razvoja, jo\u353? i dalje postoje i sve \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 prethodne. Za Rim bi to zna\u269?ilo da se na Palatinu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 uzdi\u382?e u svoj svojoj ranijoj visini carski dvor i Septi-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 zonijum Septimija Severa, da se jo\u353? uvek na krov \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nim zupcima zamka San Angelo nalaze lepe statue \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 kojima je bio ukra\u353?en sve do gotske opsade. Jo\u353? i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vi\u353?e: na mestu pala te Kafareli (Caffarelli) stajao bi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 tako\u273?e, \u269?ak i bez potrebe da se ova zgrada ukloni, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 hram kapitolskog Jupitera, i to ne samo u svom po -\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 slednjem obliku, koji su videli Rimljani iz doba re \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 publike, ve\u263? i u svom najranijem, kad su mu oblici \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 bili etrurski, ukra\u353?eni antifiksima od pe\u269?ene gline. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Na mestu dana\u353?njeg Kolizea mogli bismo se diviti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 i\u353?\u269?ezlom Neronovom Domus Aurea. Na trgu Panteo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 na videli bismo ne samo dana\u353?nji Panteon kakvog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 nam je ostavio Adrijan, ve\u263? na istom temelju i prvo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 bitnu gra\u273?evinu M. Agripe. Stavi\u353?e, na istom temelju \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 stajali bi crkva Santa Maria sopra Minerva i stari \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 hram nad kojim je sazidana. Posmatra\u269?u bi, mo\u382?da, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bilo potrebno samo da skrene pogled ili premesti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 svoje stajali\u353?te pa da dobije ovaj ili onaj izgled. \par\pard\qj \li1228\ri795\sb26\sl-255\slmult0\fi436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 O\u269?igledno, nema smisla dalje raspredanje ove \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 fantazije, koja vodi ne\u269?em nezamislivom, \u269?ak apsurd \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nom. Ako \u382?elimo prostorno da prika\u382?emo neki isto \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 rijski redosled, mo\u382?emo to posti\u263?i jedino redaju\u263?i ih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 u prostoru jedno do drugog. Isti prostor ne mo\u382?e se \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7300\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5504\colsr160\colno2\colw1496\colsr160\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2471\sb26\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost u kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5664\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5664\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb177\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 271 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li820\ri1163\sb241\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dva puta popuniti. Na\u353? poku\u353?aj izgleda kao prazna \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 igrarija. On ima samo jedno opravdanje: pokazuje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 koliko smo daleko od mogu\u263?nosti da putem o\u269?igled \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nog prikaza objasnimo osobenosti du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota. \par\pard\qj \li820\ri1163\sb25\sl-255\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Treba da zauzmemo stav prema jo\u353? jednom pri \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 govoru. Postavlja se pitanje za\u353?to smo izabrali upra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 vo pro\u353?lost jednoga grada za upore\u273?ivanje sa pro\u353?lo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u353?\u263?u du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota. Tvrdnja da je o\u269?uvano sve iz \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 pro\u353?losti va\u382?i i za du\u353?evni \u382?ivot jedino pod uslovom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 da je organ psihe intaktan i da njegovo tkivo nije \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 stradalo od zapaljenja ili traume. Ali razaranja koja \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bi se mogla uporediti sa uzrocima bolesti bele\u382?i isto-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 rija svakog grada, \u269?ak i ako je imao manje burnu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pro\u353?lost nego Rim, pa \u269?ak i ako je jedva ikad do \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 njega dopro neprijatelj, kao do Londona. I najmir \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 niji razvoj jednog grada uklju\u269?uje ru\u353?enje i zamenji-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 vanje zgrada i zato je grad uop\u353?te nepogodan za po-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 re\u273?enje sa du\u353?evnim organizmom. \par\pard\qj \li811\ri1175\sb34\sl-269\slmult0\fi436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Uzmi\u269?u\u263?i pred ovim prigovorom, odustajemo od \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 tra\u382?enja upe\u269?atljivih kontrasta, pa \u263?emo se poslu\u382?iti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 radi pore\u273?enja jednim u svakom slu\u269?aju srodnijim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 objektom: \u382?ivotinjskim ili \u269?ove\u269?jim telom. I tu na \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 lazimo isto. Ranije faze razvoja ni u kom smislu vi\u353?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nisu o\u269?uvane, pretopile su se u kasnije, kojima su pre \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dale svoju materiju. Embrion se ne mo\u382?e vi\u353?e doka \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 zati u odraslom. Timus, grudna \u382?lezda, postoji kod \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 deteta; posle puberteta je zamenjuje vezivo, ali ona \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 vi\u353?e ne postoji. U cevaste kosti odraslog \u269?oveka mo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 gu, dodu\u353?e, da ucrtam obrise de\u269?je kosti, ali je ona \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 sama i\u353?\u269?ezla dok se du\u382?ila i debljala do svoga ko \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 na\u269?nog oblika. Ostaje \u269?injenica da je jedino u du \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u353?evnoj sferi mogu\u263?e o\u269?uvanje svih prethodnih stup-\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7340\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\li1291\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1291\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1291\sb50\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2927 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 272\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture i umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1296\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1296\ri743\sb26\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 njeva pored krajnjeg. Nismo u mogu\u263?nosti da ovo \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 zbivanje predstavimo o\u269?igledno. \par\pard\qj \li1291\ri732\sb9\sl-250\slmult0\fi422 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Mo\u382?da smo sa ovom tvrdnjom oti\u353?li predaleko. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Mo\u382?da bi trebalo da se zadovoljimo tvr\u273?enjem da u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 du\u353?evnom \u382?ivotu pro\u353?lost\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 mo\u382?e\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 da bude o\u269?uvana, da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 ne mora biti bezuslovno\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 uni\u353?tena. Mogu\u263?no je, sva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 kako \u8212? po pravilu ili izuzetno \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8212? da ne\u353?to staro u \par\pard\qj \li1296\ri727\sb6\sl-256\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 psihi bude toliko izbrisane ili istro\u353?eno da se vi\u353?e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 nikakvim postupkom ne mo\u382?e uspostaviti i o\u382?iveti, ili \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 da o\u269?uvanje uop\u353?te zavisi od nekih povoljnih okol \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nosti. Mogu\u263?no je, ali o tome ne znamo ni\u353?ta. Mi sa \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 mo mo\u382?emo re\u263?i da je o\u269?uvanost pro\u353?log u du\u353?evnom \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u382?ivotu pre pravilo nego izuzetak. \par\pard\qj \li1300\ri723\sb5\sl-255\slmult0\fi431 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Voljni smo, dakle, da prihvatimo postojanje u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 mnogih ljudi \u8222?okeanskog ose\u263?anja" i skloni da ga do \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vedemo u vezu sa ranom fazom ose\u263?anja svoga Ja. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Ali, onda se pojavljuje novo pitanje: s kojim pravom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 se ose\u263?anje smatra izvorom potrebe za religijom? \par\pard\qj \li1291\ri722\sb6\sl-254\slmult0\fi441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Cini mi se da to pravo nije mnogo osnovano. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Ose\u263?anje mo\u382?e postati izvorom energije samo ako je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 i samo izraz neke jake potrebe. Za potrebu za reli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 gijom, \u269?ini mi se, ne mo\u382?e se pore\u263?i da poti\u269?e od \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 detinje bespomo\u263?nosti koja je pobudila \u269?e\u382?nju za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ocem, naro\u269?ito zato \u353?to se ono ose\u263?anje ne produ\u382?ava \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 jednostavno iz detinjstva, ve\u263? ga stalno odr\u382?ava strah \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 od nadmo\u263?i sudbine. Ne bih znao drugu potrebu u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 detinjstvu sli\u269?ne snage kakvu ima potreba za o\u269?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 vom za\u353?titom. Tako je uloga okeanskog ose\u263?anja, koje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bi moglo da pri\u382?eljkuje uspostavljanje neograni\u269?enog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 narcizma, potisnuta iz prvog plana. Nastajanje reli \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 gioznosti mo\u382?emo jasno pratiti sve do ose\u263?anja de \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 tinje bespomo\u263?nosti. Mo\u382?da se iza nje jo\u353? ne\u353?to skri \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 va , ali to je, zasad, jo\u353? obavijeno maglom. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7300\paperh10980\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5460\colsr160\colno2\colw1540\colsr160\ql \li2424\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2424\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2424\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2424\sb83\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs14 u\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5620\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5620\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5620\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb35\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 273 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li777\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li777\ri1186\sb14\sl-254\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Cini mi se mogu\u263?nim da je okeansko ose\u263?anje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 naknadno dospelo u vezu sa religijom. Ta sjedinje-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 nost sa vaseljenom, \u353?to tom ose\u263?amju pripada kao \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 misaoni sadr\u382?aj, izgleda kao prvi poku\u353?aj jedne ver-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ske utehe, kao neki drugi put za poricanje opasnosti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 koju Ja do\u382?ivljava kao pretnju spoljnog sveta. Jo\u353? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 jednom priznajem da se veoma te\u353?ko snalazim me\u273?u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ovim jedva uhvatljivim veli\u269?inama. Drugi moj prija \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 telj, koga je neutoljiva \u382?e\u273? za naukom nagonila na \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 najneobi\u269?nije eksperimente i koji je najzad postao \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sveznalica, uveravao me je da se u Joga-ve\u353?tinama \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 odvra\u263?anjem od spoljnog sveta, usmeravanjem pa\u382?nje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 na telesne funkcije, naro\u269?itim na\u269?inom disanja, za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ista mogu probuditi u sebi nova ose\u263?anja i op\u353?ta ra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 spolo\u382?enja, \u353?to on obja\u353?njava kao regresije na pra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 stara, odavno prevazi\u273?ena stanja du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota. On \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 u tome, tako re\u263?i, vidi fiziolo\u353?ku osnovu mnogih mu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 drosti mistike. Bliski tome bi bili odnosi prema nekim \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 jo\u353? neobja\u353?njenim modifikacijama du\u353?evnog \u382?ivota \u8212? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 kao \u353?to su trans i ekstaza. Ali ne\u353?to me nagoni da i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ja jednom uzviknem recima \u352?ilerovog gnjurca: \u8222?Ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ka se raduje ko di\u353?e u ru\u382?i\u269?astom svetlu." \par\pard\ql \li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li844\sb1\sl-115\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs10 18\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs10 F r o j d , O d a b r a n a d e l a , V \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7380\paperh11020\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3830\sb135\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 n \par\pard\qj \li1329\ri724\sb247\sl-254\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 U svome rukopisu\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 Budu\u263?nost jedne iluzije\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 govorim toliko o najdubljim izvorima religioznog ose-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u263?anja koliko o onome \u353?ta obi\u269?an \u269?ovek podrazumeva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 pod svojom religijom \u8212? o sistemu u\u269?enja i obe\u263?a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 nja, koji mu s jedne strane obja\u353?njava, sa podrob-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 no\u353?\u263?u kojoj treba zavideti, zagonetku ovoga sveta, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a s druge strane ga uverava da bri\u382?no Provi\u273?enje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bdi nad njegovim \u382?ivotom i da \u263?e mu mogu\u263?e odri \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 canje u toku zemaljskog \u382?ivota nadoknaditi na dru \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 gom svetu. Obi\u269?an \u269?ovek mo\u382?e to Provi\u273?enje da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 predstavi sebi samo u vidu li\u269?nosti veli\u269?anstveno uz \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 vi\u353?enog oca. Samo takvo bi\u263?e je u stanju da zna za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 potrebe \u269?oveka, mogu da ga umilostive njegove mol \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 be i da ga sti\u353?aju znaci njegovog kajanja. To je sve \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 toliko o\u269?igledno detinjasto, toliko daleko od istine, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 da je svakome \u382?ao \u269?ovekoljubivih ose\u263?anja pri po \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 misli kako ve\u263?ina smrtnika nikada ne\u263?e biti u sta \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nju da se vine iznad ovakvog shvatanja \u382?ivota. Jo\u353? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vi\u353?e zasti\u273?uje saznanje da itekako veliki broj savre-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 menika, koji su morali uvideti neodr\u382?ivost ovakve \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 religije, ipak, tu\u382?no se povla\u269?e\u263?i, poku\u353?avaju da od \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 brane svaki njen pedalj. Zele da se uvrste u redove \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vernika da bi filozofima, koji misle da spa\u353?avaju \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7300\paperh11020\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5556\colsr160\colno2\colw1444\colsr160\ql \li2534\sb0\sl-172\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2534\sb0\sl-172\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2534\sb0\sl-172\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2534\sb153\sl-172\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs15 Nelagodnost u\ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs15 kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5716\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5716\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5716\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb157\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 275 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li878\ri1100\sb245\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Boga religije time \u353?to ga zamenjuju jednim bezli\u269? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 nim, maglovitim, apstraktnim principom, da bi ga \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 podsetili na opomenu: \u8222?Ne spominji uzalud ime Go \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 spoda Boga." Ako su to \u269?inili neki najve\u263?i duhovi u \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 pro\u353?losti, ne bismo se zbog toga smeli pozivati na njih. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Zna se za\u353?to su to morali. \par\pard\qj \li878\ri1105\sb69\sl-250\slmult0\fi432 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Vratimo se obi\u269?nom \u269?oveku i njegovoj veri, je \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dinoj koja bi smela da nosi to ime. I odmah susre \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u263?emo poznatu misao jednog na\u353?eg velikog pesnika i \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 mudraca, koja govori o odnosu religije, umetnosti i \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 nauke. Ona glasi: \par\pard\qj \li2169\ri2359\sb195\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 K o v l a d a n a u k o m i u m e t n o s t i , \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 i m a i v e r u ; \par\pard\qj \li2169\ri2359\sb17\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 K o n e r a s p o l a \u382? e n j i m a d v e m a , \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 o s t a j e m u v e r a\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs8\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs7 4 \par\pard\qj \li873\ri1115\sb251\sl-260\slmult0\fi441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 Ova izreka, s jedne strane, suprotstavlja religiju \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 dvema vrhunskim delatnostima \u269?oveka a, s druge \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 strane, tvrdi da one prema svojoj \u382?ivotnoj vrednosti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 mogu zastupati ili zameniti jedna drugu. Ako ho\u263?emo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 da osporimo religiju i obi\u269?nom \u269?oveku, o\u269?igledno ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u263?emo imati na svojoj strani autoritet pesnika. Izabra-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u263?emo poseban put da bismo bli\u382?e ocenili njegove re\u269?i. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u381?ivot kakav nam je dosu\u273?en suvi\u353?e je te\u382?ak za nas. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Donosi nam odve\u263? bola, razo\u269?aranja, nere\u353?ivih za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dataka. Ne mo\u382?emo izbe\u263?i ubla\u382?avaju\u263?a sredstva da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 bismo ga mogli odneti. \u8222?Ne ide bez pomo\u263?nih kon \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 strukcija", rekao nam je Teodor Fontane. Takva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 sredstva su, mo\u382?e biti, trojaka: velika odricanja, koja \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 nam omogu\u263?uju da potcenimo svoju bedu, zamene za \par\pard\li878\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li878\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li878\sb0\sl-161\slmult0\par\pard\li878\sb39\sl-161\slmult0\fi422\tx3869 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 * G o e t h e ,\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Zahme Xenien\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 IX\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ( p e s m e iz z a o s t a v \u353? t i n e ) .\par\pard\li878\sb0\sl-184\slmult0\par\pard\li878\sb96\sl-184\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs16 18\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7360\paperh11040\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\li1233\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1233\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1233\sb150\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2856 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 276\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture i umetnosti\par\pard\qj \li1224\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1224\ri809\sb37\sl-254\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 zadovoljenje, koja je umanjuju, i opojna sredstva, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 koja nas \u269?ine neosetljivim za nju. Ne\u353?to od ovoga je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 neizbe\u382?no.\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs11\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs10 5\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 Volter je mislio na odricanja zavr\u353?avaju\u263?i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 svoga\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 Candide\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 savetom da treba da obra\u273?ujemo sop-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 stvenu ba\u353?tu. I nau\u269?na delatnost predstavlja takvo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 odricanje. Zamena za zadovoljenje koju pru\u382?a umet-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nost su iluzije u odnosu na stvarnost, ali, zahvalju \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ju\u263?i ulozi koju ima fantazija u du\u353?evnom \u382?ivotu, zbog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 toga psihi\u269?ki nije manje delotvorna. Opojna sredstva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 deluju na na\u353?e telo izmenama njegovog hemizma. U \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ovom redu nije lako odrediti mesto religiji. Mora\u263?e-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 mo dalje da tragamo. \par\pard\qj \li1214\ri814\sb7\sl-254\slmult0\fi441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Pitanje o smislu \u269?ovekovog \u382?ivota postavljano je \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 bezbroj puta. Do sada nije na\u273?en zadovoljavaju\u263?i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 odgovor \u8212? ukoliko je takav uop\u353?te i mogu\u263?. Neki, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 koji to pitaju, dodaju: \u382?ivot \u263?e za ljude izgubiti sva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ku vrednost ako se poka\u382?e da nema smisla. Ali ova \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 pretnja ne menja ni\u353?ta. Cini se, \u353?tavi\u353?e, da s pravom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 smemo -odbaciti to, pitanje. Izgleda da se ono zasniva \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 na onoj ljudskoj uobra\u382?enosti, \u269?ije mnogobrojne vi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dove poznajemo odranije. O smislu \u382?ivota \u382?ivotinja \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 se ne govori, sem ukoliko se on sastoji u nameni da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 slu\u382?i ljudima. No, i to nije odr\u382?ivo, jer \u269?ovek ne zna \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \u353?ta da radi sa mnogim \u382?ivotinjama. Mo\u382?e jedino da ih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 opi\u353?e, klasifikuje, prou\u269?ava. Mnogobrojne \u382?ivotinje \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 su i to izibegle jer su \u382?ivele i izumrle pre nego \u353?to ih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 je \u269?ovek video. Opet, samo religija zna da da odgo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 vor o smislu \u382?ivota. Ne\u263?emo pogre\u353?iti ako tvrdimo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 da ideja o smislu \u382?ivota \u382?ivi i propada zajedno sa ne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 kim verskim sistemom. \par\pard\li1214\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1214\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1214\sb0\sl-149\slmult0\par\pard\li1214\sb101\sl-149\slmult0\fi441\tx1794\tx2939 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs8\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs7 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 V i l h e l m B u s\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ( W i l h e l m B u s c h ) k a \u382? e t o isto , s a m o b a \par\pard\li1214\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\fi0\tx3644 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 n a l n i j e , u\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Pobo\u382?noj Jeleni:\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 \u8222? K o i m a b r i g a , i m a i l i k e r a . "\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7340\paperh11060\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg17}{\bkmkend Pg17}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5652\colsr160\colno2\colw1388\colsr160\ql \li2620\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2620\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2620\sb137\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs14 u\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 kulturi\par\pard\column \ql \li5812\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5812\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb127\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 277 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li974\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li974\ri1050\sb2\sl-254\slmult0\fi427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Postavi\u263?emo zato skromnije pitanje: \u353?ta ljudi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 mogu saznati o svrsti svoga \u382?ivota na osnovu svoga \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 pona\u353?anja, \u353?ta tra\u382?e od \u382?ivota, \u353?ta \u382?ele da postignu. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Odgovorom se ne mo\u382?e pogre\u353?iti: te\u382?e za sre\u263?om, \u382?ele \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 da .postanu sre\u263?ni i da takvi ostanu. Ta te\u382?nja ima \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 dve strane: pozitivan i negativan cilj \u8212? s jedne stra \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ne, \u382?ele odsustva bola i nezadovoljstva, a s druge \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 strane do\u382?ivljavanje sna\u382?nih zadovoljstava. U u\u382?em \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 smislu re\u269?i, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8222?sre\u263?a" se odnosi samo" na ovo drugo. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Shodno dvojstvu ciljeva, i aktivnost ljudi se odvija \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 u dva pravca, prema tome da li \u382?ele da ostvare (pre \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 te\u382?no ili \u269?ak isklju\u269?ivo) jedan iil drugi cilj. \par\pard\qj \li979\ri1045\sb7\sl-254\slmult0\fi431 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Smisao \u382?ivota, kao \u353?to vidimo, jednostavno pro-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 izilazi iz programa principa zadovoljstva. Taj princip \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 od po\u269?etka vlada delatno\u353?\u263?u psihi\u269?kog aparata. O \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 njegovoj svrsishodnosti ne mo\u382?e se dvoumiti, pa ipak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 je njegov program u sukobu sa celim svetom, makro \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8212? i mikrokosmosom. Uop\u353?te ga nije mogu\u263?no spro \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vesti, protivi mu se ceo poredak vaseljene. Moglo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 bi se re\u263?i da plan stvaranja sveta nije sadr\u382?ao nameru \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 da \u269?oveku da sre\u263?u. Ono \u353?to se naziva sre\u263?om, u naj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 u\u382?em smislu te re\u269?i, poti\u269?e obi\u269?no od iznenadnog za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dovoljenja jako nagomilanih potreba, a po svojoj pri \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 rodi je mogu\u263?na samo kao epizodi\u269?an fenomen. Svako \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 produ\u382?avanje situacije koju je pri\u382?eljkivao princip \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 zadovoljstva daje samo ose\u263?anje mlake ugodnosti. Mi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 smo stvoreni da mo\u382?emo intenzivno u\u382?ivati samo u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 kontrastu, a u jednom stanju vrlo malo.\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs11\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs10 8\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 Na taj na \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u269?in su na\u353?e mogu\u263?nosti sre\u263?e ograni\u269?ene ve\u263? konsti \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 tucijom. S mnogo manje te\u353?ko\u263?a do\u382?ivljuje se nesre-\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4027\colsr110\colno2\colw3063\colsr160\ql \li988\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li988\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li988\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li988\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1411\sb40\sl-115\slmult0\tx1547\tx2036 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf18\f19\fs8\ul0\super\cf18\f19\fs7 8\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs14 G e t e\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ( G o e t h e ) \u269? a k p o r u \u269? u j e :\par\pard\column \ql \li988\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li988\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb140\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8222? N e p o d n o s i s e n i \u353? t a \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li988\sb26\sl-161\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 t e \u382? e o d n i z a l e p i h d a n a . " T o j e , i p a k , p r e t e r i v a n j e .\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7380\paperh11040\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg18}{\bkmkend Pg18}\par\pard\li1175\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1175\sb160\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2798 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 278\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Iz kulture i umetnosU\par\pard\qj \li1166\sb0\sl-255\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1166\ri892\sb15\sl-255\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 \u263?a. Patnja preti sa tri strane: iz sopstvenog tela, pred \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 odre\u273?enog za raspadanje i nestajanje, pa ne mo\u382?e \u269?ak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 da izbegne signale opomene: stih i bol; od spoljnog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 sveta, koji premo\u263?nim, nemilosrdnim, razornim sna \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 gama mo\u382?e da besni protiv nas, i najzad, iz odnosa sa \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 drugim ljudima. Patnju iz toga izvora do\u382?ivljavamo \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 mo\u382?da bolnije od bilo koje druge. Skloni smo da je u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 izvesnoj meri smatramo nepotrebnim dodatkom, iako \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 sudbinski nije nimalo manje neizbe\u382?na nego \u353?to su \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 to patnje drugog porekla. \par\pard\qj \li1137\ri897\sb39\sl-263\slmult0\fi455 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Nije \u269?udo, stoga, \u353?to su ljudi pod pritiskom tih \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 mogu\u263?nosti patnje postali umereniji u svojim zahte-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 vima za sre\u263?om, kao \u353?to se i sam princip zadovolj \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 stva pod uticajem spoljnog sveta preobratio u skrom \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 niji, princip realnosti, pri \u269?emu se ljudi smatraju ve\u263? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sre\u263?nim ako su izbegli nesre\u263?u, prebrodili nevolju. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Zadatak izbegavanja patnje uop\u353?te je potisnuo u po \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 zadinu postizanje zadovoljstva. Razmi\u353?ljanjem za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 klju\u269?ujemo da se taj zadatak mo\u382?e posti\u263?i na razne \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 na\u269?ine. Sve te puteve su preporu\u269?ile razne \u353?kole \u382?i \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 votne mudrosti, a ljudi su ih sledili. Neograni\u269?eno za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dovoljenje svih potreba izgleda da je najprimamlji \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 viji na\u269?in \u382?ivota. To, pak, zna\u269?i pretpostaviti zado \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 voljstvo opreznosti, \u353?to se posle kratkog vremena \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sveti. Druge metode, \u269?iji je najva\u382?niji cilj izbegava-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nje nezadovoljstva, razlikuju se me\u273?u sobom prema \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 tome kome izvoru nezadovoljstva poklanjaju ve\u263?u \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 pa\u382?nju. Postoje postupci koji su ekstremni i koji su \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 umereni, jednostrani i oni koji pristupaju sa vi\u353?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 strana. Najneposrednija za\u353?tita od patnje koja mo\u382?e \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 da proistekne iz ljudskih odnosa je dobrovoljno osam-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ljenje, udaljavanje od drugih. Naravno, jasno je : \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7360\paperh11040\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg19}{\bkmkend Pg19}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5518\colsr160\colno2\colw1542\colsr160\ql \li2486\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2486\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2486\sb84\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs14 Nelagodnost u\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 k u l t u r i\par\pard\column \ql \li5678\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5678\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb64\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 279 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li830\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li830\ri1197\sb5\sl-254\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 sre\u263?a koja se posti\u382?e tim putem jeste sre\u263?a spokoj-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 stva. Neki od na\u269?ina otu\u273?ivanja pru\u382?aju jedinu od-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 branu od spoljnog sveta onome koji \u382?eli da taj za \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 datak obavi sam. Naravno, postoji drugi i bolji put, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a taj je da uz pomo\u263? tehnike predvo\u273?ene naukom, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 kao \u269?lan ljudske zajednice, krene u napad na priro \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 du i pot\u269?ini je ljudskoj volji. Tada sara\u273?uje sa svi \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ma na postizanju sre\u263?e svih. Ipak, najinteresantnije \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 su one metode za\u353?tite od patnje koje poku\u353?avaju da \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 uti\u269?u na sopstveni organizam. U krajnjoj liniji, svaka \line \up0 \expndtw0\ch