Sig-naTrak® DAC20 Accessory Decoder User Manual

7/25/2019 Sig-naTrak DAC20 Accessory Decoder User Manual

1/33

Pig-deSrek

Hlcmf reifwey mfm`trldi`s ny GBN Cmsigds

]smr Heduef

Qrlcu`t Dl? CE@>1 vmrsild? 5.3 GBN Cmsigds

CE@>1

Pupmr E``msslry Cm`lcmr

@ldtrlfs : e``msslrims

Pig-deSrekny GBN Cmsigds

www.sigdetrek.`l.uk27 Nlccmds Jiff ^lec, Ptl`kplrt, PK3 >CG, ]ditmc Kidgclh

S? +33(1)525 ::0 >1>> | B? +33(1)525 ::0 >177 | M? idblAsigdetrek.`l.uk


2/33

Pig-deSrek

Hlcmf reifwey mfm`trldi`s ny GBN Cmsigds

Qrlcu`t Dl? D]FF1999 vmrsild? 1.5 GBN Cmsigds

IHQL^SEDS DLSI@M

@JEDGM LB LWDM^PJIQ EDC S^ECIDG DEHM

Qfmesm dltm tjet blfflwidg tjm pur`jesm lb @HF

Mfm`trldi`s ny GBN Cmsigds, slhm lb tjm prlcu`t

heduefs hey stiff rmbmr tl

@HF Mfm`trldi`s Fihitmc.

Sjis sjlufc dlw nm rmec es

Pig-deSrek ny GBN Cmsigds.

@ldte`t cmteifs fistmc id tjis heduef erm efsl

id`lrrm`t edc tjm cmteifs et tjm nlttlh lb tjis pegm

sjlufc tekm prm`mcmd`m lvmr edy bludc id tjis

heduef blr @HF Mfm`trldi`s.

Sjis id`fucms lur wmnsitm wji`j is dlw

www.sigdetrek.`l.uk

Pig-deSrekny GBN Cmsigds

www.sigdetrek.`l.uk27 Nlccmds Jiff ^lec, Ptl`kplrt, PK3 >CG, ]ditmc Kidgclh

S? +33(1)525 ::0 >1>> | B? +33(1)525 ::0 >177 | M? idblAsigdetrek.`l.uk


3/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm 5 lb 05

@HF Mfm`trldi`s ^mvisild? E

5.Idtrlcu`tildSjm CE@>1 is ed ecved`mc e``msslry cm`lcmr edc `ldtrlffmr blr hlcmf reifweys

lpmretmc usidg Cigitef @lhhedc @ldtrlf (C@@) systmhs. It efflws C@@ `lhhedc

stetilds tl `ldtrlf dlt ldfy fl`lhltivms, nut efsl ltjmr cmvi`ms su`j es plidt hltlrs,

turdtenfms, sigdefs, figjtidg edc hu`j hlrm. Sjmsm beìfitims efflw `ldtrlf lb ed mdtirmfeylut edc e``msslrims tjrlugj e sidgfm cigitef `ldtrlf systmh.

Sjm CE@>1 èd lpmretm es e `ldvmdtildef e``msslry cm`lcmr. Its lutputs èd nm

`ldtrlffmc ny tjm cigitef `ldtrlf systmh, efflwidg plidts tl nm lpmretmc brlh tjrlttfms.

Flèf idput swit`jms èd nm `lddm`tmc, efflwidg pusjnuttlds tl `ldtrlf tjm plidts.

Sjm CE@>1 jes e Fl`lDmt idtmrbe`m. It èd smdc bmmcne`k hmssegms, efflwidg

slbtwerm su`j es êifrlec & @l tl kdlw tjm plsitilds lb plidts wjmd tjm feylut

plwmr is turdmc ld. It èd nm `lddm`tmc tl l`ùped`y cmtm`tlrs tl smdc treid plsitild

idblrhetild.Sjm CE@>1 jes : flèf rlutms. Sjmsm efflw up tl 51 plidts tl nm `ldtrlffmc id e

sidgfm lpmretild; tjm plidts èd nm crivmd ny tjm CE@>1 lr ny ltjmr e``msslry

cm`lcmrs. Sjm rlutms èd nm triggmrmc ny e flèf pusjnuttld, lr ny e C@@ e``msslry

lpmretild brlh e tjrlttfm.

Sjm CE@>1 èd efsl nm prlgrehhmc tl èrry lut ecved`mc lpmretilds. Its lutputs

èd nm `ldtrlffmc ny ltjmr plidt plsitilds, edc ny tjm smttidgs lb sigdefs edc smdslrs

`lddm`tmc tl Fl`lDmt. Sjis efflws `lhpfmx eutlheti` `ldtrlf. It efflws iffmgef

stetms ld 0 wey plidts edc sfips tl nm prmvmdtmc brlh l`ùrridg.

Sjm CE@>1 èd `ldtrlf plidts, sigdefs, rmfeys, fehps edc figjt mhittidg cilcms. It

efflws lpmretilds tjet erm es sihpfm, lr es `lhpfmx, es ylu dmmc tjmh.

@ldtmdts

Pm`tild > prlvicms e qui`k stert guicm. Sjis efflws tjm udit tl nm put idtl lpmretild

qui`kfy, witjlut jevidg tl udcmrstedc tjm buff idtrièìms lb tjm udit.

Pm`tild 0 cms`rinms eff lb tjm `lddm tilds tl tjm udit.

Pm`tild 3 cms`rinms tjm bud tilds lb tjm nlerc, edc jlw tl smt tjmh up usidg

`ldbiguretild verienfms (@Rs).

Pm`tild = cms`rinms tjm ecved`mc prlgrehhidg èpenifitims.

Pm`tild 2 cms`rinms tjm cibbmrmdt hmtjlcs blr prlgrehhidg tjm udit.

Eppmdcix E fists eff tjm prlgrehhenfm @ldbiguretild Rerienfms id tjm udit.

Eppmdcix N fists tjm eccrmss @R smttidgs tl smt tjm nesm eccrmssms ib dmmcmc.

Eppmdcix @ prlvicms e cmìhef tl jmxecmìhef `ldvmrsild `jert ib rmquirmc.

Eppmdcix C cms`rinms tjm Fl`lDmt stert-up Idtmrrlgetild smqumd`m.

Eppmdcix M cms`rinms CE@>1 lpmretild witjlut e tre`k plwmr `lddm`tild.


4/33


5/33



>.5 Pebmty Birst!

Nmblrm nmgiddidg tl usm tjm CE@>1, tjmrm erm e bmw sebmty plidts tl rmhmhnmr?

Cldt rmst tjm nlerc wjmd lpmretidg ld its neg? it is `ldcu`tivm!

Jlfc tjm nlerc ny its mcgms. Ny tjm deturm lb its `ldstru`tild, slhm lb tjm pids ld

tjm rmvmrsm sicm lb tjm nlerc erm sjerp edc `lufc èusm skid enresilds mt` ib jedcfmcid`lrrm`tfy.

Cldt tlu`j `lhpldmdts ld tjm nlerc wjmd lpmretidg. Sjm tredsistlr crividg tjm

èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit èd gmt quitm werh. Sjmrm is efsl e smfb-rmsmttidg busm tl

efflw blr sjlrt ìrùits wji`j wiff nm`lhm vmry jlt ib trippmc.

Efflw eirbflw erludc tjm nlerc. Plhm lb its `lhpldmdts hey rud werh id usm. Cl

dlt lnstru`t brmm ìrùfetild lb eir, lr efflw `fltjs mt` tl `lvmr tjm nlerc.

Cl dlt mx`mmc retmc lpmretidg vlftegm. Sjm nlerc `lufc nm cehegmc ib ed mx`mssivm

idput vlftegm is eppfimc. Sjm C@@ lpmretidg vlftegm sjlufc dlt mx`mmc >1v; tjm

euxifiery idput vlftegm ib usmc hust dlt mx`mmc 5:v E@ lr >=v [email protected] dlt jedcfm tjm nlerc wjmd id usm. Sjm vlftegms prmsmdt ld tjm nlerc (6>=v C@)

erm dlt `ldsicmrmc jezerclus tl jmeftj. Jlwmvmr ib tjmy sjlufc `lhm idtl `ldte`t

witj smdsitivm perts lb tjm nlcy (m.g. tjm hlutj) e desty sjl`k higjt rmsuft. Sjm sehm

is trum lb tjm vlftegm ld tjm reifs lb e C@@ (lr ltjmr hlcmf reifwey) systmh, sl tekm

èrm!

Sjm euxifiery plwmr bmmc (ib usmc) hust `lhm brlh e smperetm widcidg brlh tjet usmc

ny tjm C@@ nllstmr tjet prlvicms tjm tre`k plwmr.

>.> Mfmhmdtery Qrlgrehhidg

Sjm CE@>1 is be`tlry prlgrehhmc tl smfm`t eff lutputs es slfmdlic typms, edc witj

ed eccrmss redgm lb 3=-=>. Plhm @Rs wiff dmmc tl nm rmprlgrehhmc blr hlst usmrs

purplsms. Cmteifs lb tjm @R vefums edc mbbm`ts erm cms`rinmc id sm`tild 3.

Sjm nlerc eccrmss èd nm smt sihpfy?

5. Surd ld plwmr tl tjm nlerc

>. Qrmss edc jlfc tjm FME^D nuttld blr 5 et fmest sm`ldc, tjmd rmfmesm it. Sjm grmmd

FMC bfesjms.

0. ]sidg e tjrlttfm, smt tjm plidt eccrmss rmquirmc blr lutput 5?

3. Ib it is smt Sjrlwd? tjm nlerc smts its nesm eccrmss tl tjm eccrmss usmc, `fmers eff

@Rs tl be`tlry vefums edc smts eff lutput tl slfmdlic typm hltlrs

=. Ib it is smt @flsmc? tjm nlerc smts its nesm eccrmss tl tjm eccrmss usmc, `fmers eff

@Rs tl be`tlry vefums edc smts eff lutput tl tlrtlism typm hltlrs

Sjm mfmhmdtery @Rs wji`j dmmc tl nm prlgrehhmc iditieffy erm?


6/33



@R Mbbm`t Refums tl nm prlgrehhmc tl

@R=, @R2 nlerc nesm

eccrmss

@ed nm smt eutlhetièffy es enlvm.

Sl `jedgm tjm eccrmss hedueffy, rmprlgreh

e``lrcidg tl tjm smttidgs fistmc id Eppmdcix N.

@R55 Lutput 5

@R5> Lutput >@R50 Lutput 0

@R53 Lutput 3

@R5= Lutput =

@R52 Lutput 2

@R57 Lutput 7

@R5: Lutput :

Sl smfm`t ed lutput es slfmdlic typm (m.g. Qm`l,Pmmp), prlgreh tjm lutput @R tl 0 (tjm nlerc

is sjippmc witj tjis smttidg).

Sl smfm`t ed lutput es e `ldtidulusfy plwmrmc

steff hltlr typm (m.g Slrtlism), prlgreh tjm @R

tl 51.

Sjmrm erm twl weys tl prlgreh @Rs? usidg e prlgrehhidg tre`k, edc lps hlcm

5. Sl usm lps hlcm? Qrmss edc jlfc tjm FME^D nuttld blr 5 et fmest sm`ldc, tjmd rmfmesm it. Sjm

grmmd FMC bfesjms.

]sm tjm lps hlcm prlgrehhidg hlcm lb ylur C@@ systmh tl `jedgm @Rs.

Wjmd bidisjmc, prmss edc jlfc tjm FME^D nuttld blr 5 et fmest sm`ldc, tjmd

rmfmesm it. Sjm nlerc wiff rmstert witj tjm dmw smttidgs.

>. Sl usm e prlgrehhidg tre`k?

@lddm`t tjm prlgrehhidg tre`k tl PK5;

^mhlvm OQ9;

Blfflw tjm pegmc hlcm prlgrehhidg idstru`tilds blr ylur `lhhedc stetild.

>.0 Lpmretidg tjm Lutputs

@lddm`t tjm nlerc es sjlwd tl tjm `lhhedc stetild, rm-idsmrt OQ9 edc eppfy plwmr.

Et tjis plidt, edy buffy plwmrmc plidt hltlrs (m.g. Slrtlism) wiff nm crivmd tl ldm mdc

lb tjmir trevmf lr tjm ltjmr. Plfmdlic typm plidt hltlrs erm ldfy plwmrmc hlhmdterify

wjmd `lhhedcs tl crivm tjmh erm rm`mivmc sl dl e`tivity wiff nm dlti`mc. Sjm grmmd

FMC ld tjm brldt mcgm lb tjm nlerc sjlufc nm fit.

]sm tjm `lhhedc stetild tl hlvm me`j plidt hltlr eftmrdetmfy tl SJ^LWD tjmd tl

@FLPMC, witj enlut 0 sm`ldcs fmbt id nmtwmmd me`j lutput `jedgm. Slrtlism typm

plidt hltlrs sjlufc sflwfy trevmrsm tl tjm dmw stetm; slfmdlic hltlrs sjlufc hlvm

witj e sjerp sdep. Sjm nlerc efflws epprlxihetmfy e sm`ldc nmtwmmd lutput

`jedgms wjmd usidg slfmdlic hltlrs tl efflw tjm èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit tl

rm`jergm.

Me`j tihm e `lhhedc is smdt tl tjm nlerc, tjm grmmd FMC wiff bfi`kmr lbb

hlhmdterify. Ib tjis is dlt lnsmrvmc, tjm nlerc is dlt rmspldcidg tl tjm plidt eccrmss

`lrrm`tfy. @jm`k tjm nesm eccrmss wji`j jes nmmd prlgrehhmc (@R= & @R2; tjm


7/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm = lb 05


nesm eccrmss is prm-`ldbigurmc tl 3=) edc tjm plidt eccrmss nmidg crivmd ny tjm

`lhhedc stetild.

Ib dl euxifiery suppfy is `lddm`tmc, tjm slfmdlic hltlrs hey lr hey dlt lpmretm

`lrrm`tfy? it is cmpmdcmdt ld tjm idcivicuef slfmdlic typm, tjm C@@ tre`k vlftegm edc

edy plidt ette`jmc tl tjm slfmdlic. Ib tjm slfmdlics cl dlt sdep e`rlss wjmd e plidtis ette`jmc, tjmd ed euxifiery suppfy wiff nm dmmcmc. 5=-5:R E@ lr (prmbmrenfy) C@ is

rm`lhhmdcmc? tjis hustnm brlh e smperetm tredsblrhmr widcidg.

>.3 Nuifcidg up tl e Pystmh

Sjets oust tjm stert; tjmrms e flt hlrm tjet tjm CE@>1 èd cl. ^mec tjm ltjmr

sm`tilds tl bidc lut hlrm.

Fl`lDmt èd nm usmc tl olid tjm CE@>1 tl ltjmr e``msslry hlcufms, tl `rmetm e vmryplwmrbuf systmh. Pigdefs èd nm smt eutlhetièffy, es treids hlvm; plidts èd nm

`ldtrlffmc edc cispfeymc brlh pedmfs, retjmr tjed tjrlttfms; treids èd nm crivmd

eutlhetièffy nmtwmmd stetilds. Eutlheti` `ldtrlf brlh Q@ prlgrehs is mvmd

plssinfm. Fl`lDmt is tjm ne`knldm tjet efflws eff lb tjis tl jeppmd.

Fl`lDmt

NCF52:

Pmdslr

Nlerc

CE@>

E``msslry

Cm`lcmr

CP23

E``msslry

Cm`lcmr

PIGH>

Pigdef

@ldtrlffmr

C@P511/

CN5=1

@lhhedc

Ptetild

CSH0

Slwmr

Hestmr

Qusjnuttld

swit`j

idputs

Sjrlttfm

PQ?71

CPP5

0r?17 Fl`lPtert/Ptlp

]smr@ldstru`tmc@ldtrlfQedmf

FMCCrivm

Lutputs

Crivmsetreideutlhetièffy!

E`tsfikmetjrlttfm,edc

rmspldcstlsmdslrs

smhepjlrm

sigdefs plidthltlrs


8/33


9/33



0.5 PK5? Qlwmr @lddm`tilds

PK5? Qlwmr `lddm`tild. 0 pid s`rmw tmrhidef

Qid Bud`tild Pigdef Fmvmf

pid 5 C@@ tre`k

plwmr

pid > C@@ tre`kplwmr

@lddm`ts tl C@@ nllstmr lutput. 5>->1v

hex. It clmsdt hettmr wji`j reif sigdef glmstl pid 5 lr >.

5 >

C@@

C@@

0

EuxId+

Rimwfllkidg

idtlPK5 brlh

nlercmcgm

3

GDC

pid 0 Eux\id\+ Euxifiery plwmr tl lutput stegms; usueffy

dmmcmc blr slfmdlic plidt hltlrs.

C@? `lddm`t +5=-5:v tl pid0; -vm tl

PK0 pid 5. Cl dlt mx`mmc >=v C@

E@? `lddm`t 5=-5:v E@ tl pid 0 &

pid 5 lb PK0. Cl dlt mx`mmc 5:v E@

pid 3 GDC Nlerc grludc.

Sjm CE@>1 cmrivms its lpmretidg plwmr brlh tjm C@@ tre`k idput. Id dlrheflpmretild it `ldsuhms up tl epprlxihetmfy 511hE brlh tjm tre`k bmmc. Sjm CE@>1

`ldteids ed id-nuift èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit tl prlvicm tjm jigj ùrrmdt dmmcmc tl

lpmretm slfmdlic typm plidt hltlrs (mg Pmmp, Qm`l).

Ib tjm CE@>1 is crividg `ldtidulusfy plwmrmc plidt hltlrs (m.g. Slrtlism) tjmd tre`k

plwmr is lbtmd subbiìmdt. Ib tjm CE@>1 is crividg slfmdlic typm plidt hltlrs, tjmd ed

euxifiery plwmr idput is usueffy dmmcmc. Sjis cmpmdcs ld tjm plidt hltlrs

tjmhsmfvms, tjm C@@ nllstmr lutput vlftegm edc jlw stibb tjm plidts tjmhsmfvms erm.

Ed euxifiery E@ lr C@ suppfy hey nm `lddm`tmc nmtwmmd Eux id + edc GDC. Sjissuppfy bmmcs tjm lutput stegms & èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit ldfy. Sjis suppfy hust nm

cmrivmc brlh e smperetm tredsblrhmr widcidg brlh tjm heid C@@ plwmr bmmc tl

tjm nllstmr. Pmvmref CE@>1s (lr CE@51s) èd nm plwmrmc brlh ldm euxifiery

suppfy es fldg es tjmy erm pereffmfmc? i.m. eff grludcs erm `lddm`tmc tlgmtjmr, edc

eff tjm Eux\id+s `lddm`tmc tlgmtjmr.

Sjm ouhpmr OQ9 is prlvicmc tl `lddm`t e plwmr bmmc brlh tjm C@@ tre`k idput tl tjm

lutput ìrùits edc tl tjm èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit. Ib tjm C@@ tre`k bmmc is nmidg usmc

tl crivm tjm lutputs, tjmd tjis ouhpmr dmmcs tl nm `lddm tmc id dlrhef usm edc

rmhlvmc wjmd prlgrehhidg @Rs vie e prlgrehhidg tre`k bmmc.Blr Cigitrex `lhhedc stetild usmrs, it is efsl plssinfm tl plwmr tjm nlerc mx`fusivmfy

brlh Eux plwmr edc usm `lhhedcs tjrlugj Fl`lDmt. Sjis brmms tjm nlerc brlh

tre`k plwmr, hmedidg tjet tre`k sjlrts wiff dlt ebbm`t CE@>1 lpmretild. E C@ suppfy

epprlx 5=v-5:v dmmcs tl nm `lddm`tmc tl PK5 pids 5&>? smm Eppmdcix M blr cmteifs.


10/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm : lb 05


OQ9 > plsitild ouhpmr

Qlsitild Bud`tild

idsteffmc dlrhef lpmretild wjmd C@@ tre`k plwmr is

usmc tl crivm lutputs.

dlt

idsteffmc

Pjlufc nm rmhlvmc wjmd `lddm`tmc tl e

prlgrehhidg tre`k Hey nm fmbt rmhlvmc ib ed euxifiery

plwmr bmmc is nmidg usmc.

Ouhpmr

idsteffmc

0.> PK>? Lutput @lddm`tilds

Sjmsm `lddm`tlrs erm prlvicmc tl `ldtrlf tjm plidt hltlrs lr ltjmr cmvi`ms

tjmhsmfvms edc hey nm `lddm`tmc tl crivm smvmref cibbmrmdt kidcs lb hltlr es

idciètmc nmflw. Sjm lutput plwmr bmmc tl me`j lutput is idcivicueffy smfm`tenfm

usidg ouhpmrs wji`j erm cms`rinmc nmflw. Me`j lutput jes 0 s`rmw tmrhidefs, edctjmsm erm herkmc ldtl tjm Q@N.

Me`j lutput efsl jes e ouhpmr, tl smfm`t jlw tjm lutput is plwmrmc. Sjis èd nm

`ldtidulus 5>-5:R C@, lr brlh e èpeìtlr cis`jergm udit (@C]). Sjm @C] sjlufc

nm smfm`tmc blr slfmdlic typm plidt hltlrs (m.g. Qm`l); hlst ltjmr cmvi`ms wiff dmmc

`ldtidulus plwmr.

Lutput Ouhpmr

5 OQ5

> OQ>

0 OQ0

3 OQ3

= OQ=

2 OQ2

7 OQ7

: OQ:

Ouhpmr plsitild blr @C]

plwmr (usm witj slfmdlic

hltlrs, m.g. Qm`l) @C]

Rimw fllkidg idtl

`lddm`tlr brlh nlerc mcgm

5 > 0

Ouhpmr plsitild blr `ldtidulus

plwmr (Slrtlism typm hltlrs,

rmfeys, FMCs mt`) @C]

PK>? Qlidt Hltlr lr ltjmr cmvi`m Lutput @lddm`tlrs. P`rmw tmrhidefQid

duhnmr

Bud`tild Pigdef Fmvmf

5 @ldtrlf sigdef tl crivm plidt

hltlr tl SJ^LWD stetm.

@fehps tl Grludc tl mdmrgism

hltlr.

> +vm Lutput Qlwmr Bmmc Pmfm`tmc ny OQ5-: (smm enlvm)

0 @ldtrlf sigdef tl crivm plidt

hltlr tl @FLPMC stetm.

@fehps tl Grludc tl mdmrgism

hltlr.

Me`j lutput is idcivicueffy prlgrehhenfm tl smfm`t tjm kidc lb plidt hltlr it`ldtrlfs. Sjm `lhhld slfmdlic edc steff hltlr typms sjlufc nm `lddm`tmc es blfflws?


11/33



@lddm`tilds blr Plfmdlic typm plidt hltlrs

Plfmdlic plidt hltlrs sjlufc nm `lddm`tmc es sjlwd (rigjt).

Sjm @epeìtlr Cis`jergm Lutput `lddm`ts tl nltj slfmdlic

`lifs; tjm twl ltjmr hltlr `ldtrlf sigdefs `lddm`t tl tjm

ltjmr mdcs lb tjm slfmdlic `lifs.Sjm epprlprietm ouhpmr sjlufc nm id plsitild >-0 (i.m.

dmermst tl tjm grmmd FMC).

Ib bmmcne`k lb e`tuef plidt plsitild is rmquirmc, e swit`j hey

nm `lddm`tmc es sjlwd. Ny `ldvmdtild tjm swit`j `ldte`ts

sjlufc nm `flsmc ib tjm plidt is `flsmc.

Qlidt

@flsmc

Qlidt

Sjrlwd

Qlidt

Bmmcne`k

Pwit`j

pid5

pid>

pid0

@lddm`tilds blr Pflw hltild plidt hltlrs

Pflw hltild plidt hltlrs (m.g. Slrtlism) sjlufc nm

`lddm`tmc es sjlwd (rigjt). Sjm twl hltlr `ldtrlf sigdefs`lddm`t tl tjm hltlr crivm tmrhidefs.

Sjm epprlprietm ouhpmr sjlufc nm id plsitild 5-> (i.m.

burtjmst brlh tjm grmmd FMC).

Ib bmmcne`k lb e`tuef plidt plsitild is rmquirmc, e swit`j hey

nm `lddm`tmc es sjlwd. Ny `ldvmdtild tjm swit`j `ldte`ts

sjlufc nm `flsmc ib tjm plidt is `flsmc.

Sl

rtlism]dit

Bm

mcne`k

P

wit`j

QlidtHltlr

pid5

pid0

@lddm`tilds blr ^mfeys edc fehps

^mfeys edc fehp nufns èd nm crivmd. Sjm twl lutput`lddm`tilds pmr lutput `mff èd nm `ldtrlffmc smperetmfy tl

efflw up tl 52 idcivicueffy `ldtrlffmc lutputs.

Eff rmfeys cibbmr id tjmir ùrrmdt crewd. Sjm tltef ùrrmdt

crewd brlh eff CE@>1 lutputs hust dlt mx`mmc 1.=E. E

311 rmfey wiff rmquirm epprlx 01hE, sl e CE@>1 `lufc

crivm 52 lb tjmh; nut tmst tjm ùrrmdt birst!

Bifehmdt fehps hey nm `lddm`tmc id tjm sehm wey.

5>v

fehp

pid5

pid>

pid0

5>vrmfey

@lddm`tilds blr Figjt Mhittidg Cilcms (FMCs)Lutputs èd efsl crivm figjt mhittidg cilcms blr figjtidg

purplsms. Egeid, me`j lutput èd nm idcivicueffy `ldtrlffmc.

]sm FMCs witj idtmgref rmsistlrs, lr ecc e rmsistlr id smrims

witj me`j FMC tl fihit tjm ùrrmdt. Ylur FMCs wiff nm

cmstrlymc ib ylu cldt cl tjis! E 5K rmsistlr is e gllc

stertidg plidt.

Dltm tjm plferity? pid > is tjm +5>v suppfy tl tjm FMC

ìrùit.

pid5

pid>

pid0

5KW

5KW

Pmm sm`tild 3.> blr cmteifs lb jlw tl prlgreh tjm lutputs.


12/33



0.0 PK0? Pwit`j / Pmdslr Bmmcne`k Idputs

Sjmsm pids erm prlvicmc es mxtmrdef idputs tl tjm nlerc blr et fmest tjrmm purplsms?

Es mxtmrdef smdslr idputs;

Es plidt plsitild bmmcne`k idputs; Es mxtmrdef `lhhedc idputs tl `ldtrlf tjm plidt hltlrs cirm`tfy.

Pigdef Bud`tild Pigdef Fmvmf

Bmmcne`k\Id\D Bmmcne`k, swit`j lr smdslr idput.

@lddm`t es sjlwd nmflw.

62v id? idput IDE@SIRM

42v id? idput E@SIRM

(D85 tl : blr idput 5 tl :; D 8 E lr N blr euxifiery idputs E, N)

Qid Bud`tild

5 G^L]DC Nlerc grludc.

> Bmmcne`k\Id\5 @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt 50 Bmmcne`k\Id\> @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt >

3 Bmmcne`k\Id\0 @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt 0

= Bmmcne`k\Id\3 @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt 3

2 Bmmcne`k\Id\= @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt =

7 Bmmcne`k\Id\2 @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt 2

: Bmmcne`k\Id\7 @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt 7

9 Bmmcne`k\Id\: @ed ldtrlf lr bmmcne`k plidt :

51 Bmmcne`k\Id\E Idput E; ed nm usmc es smdslr idput

55 Bmmcne`k\Id\N Idput N; ed nm usmc es smdslr idput5> C@\Qlwmr\Lut +5>v Qlwmr lutput. Qrlvicms e `lhhld bmmc blr

swit`jms crividg tjmsm idputs

Me`j idput hey nm idcivicueffy `lddm`tmc edc prlgrehhmc blr e verimty lb bud`tilds.

Pmm sm`tild 3.0 blr prlgrehhidg cmteifs. Sjrmm plssinfm eppfiètilds?

]p tl 51 heduef swit`jms èd nm

`lddm`tmc. Sjmsm hey nm usmc ld flèf

pedmfs tl `ldtrlf tjm stetm lb tjm ette`jmc

plidt hltlrs, lr hey nm usmc tl gmdmretm

systmh hmssegms.3

Pwit`j0

=

Pwit`j3

2

Pwit`j=

7

Pwit`j2

:

Pwit`j7

9

Pwit`j:

Pwit`jE

>

Pwit`j5

0

Pwit`j>

* C@\Qlwmr\Lut eveifenfm ld pid 5


13/33



Sjm idputs 5-: hey nm usmc es plidt

plsitild bmmcne`k smdslrs. Sl e`jimvm

tjis, e swit`j `lddm`tmc tl me`j plidt blr

wji`j bmmcne`k is rmquirmc hust nm

`lddm`tmc es sjlwd.Ny `ldvmdtild tjm swit`j `ldte`ts sjlufc

nm `flsmc ib tjm plidt is `flsmc. Bmmcne`k\Id\DBmmcne`k

Pwit`j

C@\Qlwmr\Lut

Nfl`k Cmtm`tlrs (su`j es tjm Cigitrex

NC-3) hey nm `lddm`tmc tl bmmcne`k

idputs es sjlwd.

NC-3nfl`kcmtm`tlr

G^L]DC

Bmmcne`k\Id\5

Bmmcne`k\Id\>

Bmmcne`k\Id\0

Bmmcne`k\Id\3

0.3 PK2? FMC Crivm Lutputs

Sjm CE@>1 èd `lddm`t tl ed lptildef ecc-ld CSZ:E nlerc tl crivm FMCs wji`j

idciètm tjm plsitild lb tjm : lutputs. Sjmsm hey nm usmc id `ldstru`tidg flèf `ldtrlf

pedmfs. Sjm CSZ:E crivms twl FMCs blr me`j lutput? ldm fit ib @FLPMC, tjm ltjmr

fit ib SJ^LWD.

Blr tjlsm witj tjm enifity tl essmhnfy sihpfm mfm`trldi` ìrùits ldtl prltltypidg

nlerc, tjm ìrùit ciegreh blr tjis nlerc is eveifenfm ld lur wmn pegm.

0.= PK3, PK=? Fl`lDmt @lddm`tilds

Sjmsm twl icmdtièf `lddm`tlrs efflw blr `lddm`tild tl e Fl`lDmt dmtwlrk usidg

`ldvmdtildef 2 pid Ô5> (]P styfm tmfmpjldm) `lddm`tlrs. Sjm twl `lddm`tlrs erm

wirmc id pereffmf? tjm Fl`lDmt wiridg hey nm `lddm`tmc tl mitjmr plrt, lr hey nm

ceisy-`jeidmc tjrlugj tjm CE@>1.

Sjmsm sigdefs erm cmbidmc id tjm Fl`lDmt Ppmìbiètild wji`j is eveifenfm brlh

Cigitrex.


14/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm 5> lb 05


0.2 Ptetus FMC

E grmmd stetus FMC is prlvicmc ld tjm heid nlerc itsmfb. Sjis prlvicms idciètilds lb

tjm CE@>1s bud`tild, es blfflws?

Sjm FMC is fit `ldtidulusfy wjifm tjm nlerc rm`mivms prlpmr C@@ sigdefs.

Ib tjm FMC is lbb, tjm CE@>1 is dlt rm`mividg tre`k plwmr.

Sjm FMC bfi`kmrs lbb hlhmdterify wjmd e `lhhedc blr tjis CE@>1 is

rm`mivmc. Sjis is usmbuf blr `jm`kidg tjm eccrmss is `lrrm`tfy smt.

Ib tjm udit is id FME^D hlcm, tjm FMC wiff nfidk ld edc lbb mqueffy ld`m pmr

sm`ldc. Qrlgrehhidg lpmretilds èd nm èrrimc lut id FME^D hlcm.

Ib tjm udit clms dlt jevm e smrief duhnmr smt, tjm fmc wiff bfesj nrimbfy ld ld`m

pmr sm`ldc. Sjis wiff ldfy jeppmd ib tjm smrief duhnmr is e`ìcmdteffy mresmc ny

prlgrehhidg. Wjmd tjm FMC nfidks id tjis wey, rmec tjm smrief duhnmr brlh

tjm fenmf ld tjm nlerc edc smt tjet swit`j eccrmss tl SJ^LWD; tjm nlerc wifftjmd rmsuhm dlrhef lpmretild.


15/33



3.@ldbiguretildSjis sm`tild cms`rinms tjm bud`tilds eveifenfm brlh `lhhld prlgrehhidg lb tjm

CE@>1. Sjm cmteifs lb jlw tl e`jimvm tjm prlgrehhidg itsmfb erm id sm`tild 2.

3.5 Eccrmss Pmttidgs@R= & @R2 smt tjm nesm eccrmss blr tjm nlerc. Sjis is tjm C@@ e``msslry (plidt)

duhnmr lb tjm birst lutput; tjm nlerc wiff rmspldc tl : lr 52 e``msslry duhnmrs brlh

tjet duhnmr upwercs. Efhlst eff usmrs wiff dmmc tl `jedgm tjis smttidg!

Sjm nesm eccrmss èd nm smt id twl weys?

5. ]sidg FME^D hlcm? tjm eccrmss is pi`kmc up brlh e dlrhef plidt smttidg

`lhhedc brlh tjm tjrlttfm ebtmr prmssidg tjm FME^D nuttld. Pmm sm`tild 2.5.

FME^D hlcm efsl `fmers eff ltjmr @Rs edc is usmbuf ib ed mrrlr id prlgrehhidg

jes jeppmdmc.

>. ]sidg dlrhef prlgrehhidg hmtjlcs es cms`rinmc id sm`tild 2.0. Sjm vefums blr@R= edc @R2 èd nm fllkmc up brlh e tenfm id Eppmdcix N.

3.> Hltlr/Lutput @ldtrlf Pmttidgs

3.>.5 Lutput Sypms

Sjm CE@>1 supplrts migjt lutput `mffs, es cms`rinmc id sm`tild 0.>. Me`j `mff `ldtrlfs

twl lutput sigdefs tl ed lutput cmvi`m. Me`j `mff èd nm smperetmfy `ldbigurmc tl

lpmretm es ldm lb tjrmm nesi` typms?

5. Qlidt typm lutputs. Sjmsm `ldtrlf twl wirms tl e plidt hltlr; tjmy `jedgm nmtwmmd

@FLPMC edc SJ^LWD id rmspldsm tl tjrlttfm `lhhedcs, rlutms edc ltjmr

prlgrehhidg. Sjmy èd nm prlgrehhmc tl crivm `ldtidulusfy plwmr plidt hltlrs

(m.g. Slrtlism) lr slfmdlic typm hltlrs (m.g. Qm`l, Pmmp). Blr slfmdlic hltlrs, tjm

ld tihm is prlgrehhenfm..

>. Ld/Lbb typm lutputs, wji j `ldtrlf twl wirms. Ld/Lbb lutputs erm put idtl eh

Ld stetm wjmd smt tl SJ^LWD edc ed Lbb stetm wjmd smt tl @FLPMC.

Sjmsm `mffs erm idtmdcmc blr crividg cmvi`ms su`j es sigdefs wji`j rmquirm e plidt-

typm hltlr tl lpmretm tjmh. Sjmrm is efsl ed lptild tl `ldtrlf peirs lb fehps

wji`j bfesj eftmrdetmfy, m.g. blr `rlssidg getms.

0. Swl smperetmfy `ldtrlffmc Ld/Lbb typm lutputs, me`j `ldtrlffidg ldm wirm.

Sjmsm lutputs erm idtmdcmc tl `ldtrlf fehps, wji`j èd nm fit `ldstedtfy lr èd

bfesj et prlgrehhmc retms.

Lutput typms 5&> erm `ldtrlffmc ny e C@@ plidt (swit`j) `lhhedc. Sjm birst

lutputs C@@ duhnmr is tjm nlerc nesm eccrmss; tjm dmxt 7 duhnmrs `ldtrlf tjm dmxt

7 `mffs. Blr lutput typm 0, tjm birst (heid) lutput wirm is `ldtrlffmc ny tjet eccrmss;

tjm sm`ldc (euxifiery) lutput wirm is `ldtrlffmc ny tjet eccrmss +:. tjm nlerc dmmcs tl

nm smt tl e``mpt 52 eccrmssms wjmd lutput typms 0 erm id usm (smm sm`tild 3.3).


16/33



Me`j lutput typm is prlgrehhmc ny tjm smttidg lb @R55-5:. Pmvmref smttidgs erm

eveifenfm?

@R Pmttidg @R Pmttidg

55 Lutput @mff 5 typm 5= Lutput @mff = typm

5> Lutput @mff > typm 52 Lutput @mff 2 typm

50 Lutput @mff 0 typm 57 Lutput @mff 7 typm53 Lutput @mff 3 typm 5: Lutput @mff : typm

@R

Refum

L/Q

Sypm

Hmedidg

1 d/e lutput dlt usmc

5-9 5 Qlidt mff, slfmdlic hltlr; lpmretidg tihm 1.5>=s -4 5.5>=s

51 5 Qlidt mff, ldstedtfy plwmrmc hltlr (m.g. Slrtlism)

55-59 > Ld/Lbb mff, slfmdlic hltlr; lpmretidg tihm 1.5>=s -4 5.5>=s

>1 > Ld/Lbb mff, `ldstedtfy plwmrmc hltlr (m.g. Slrtlism)

>5->9 > Ld/Lbb mff, twl nfidkidg fehps, 9 retms01 > Ld/Lbb mff, ldm fehp ldstedtfy plwmrmc

05-09 0 Ld/Lbb mff, idcivicueffy ldtrlffmc nfidkidg lutputs, 9 retms

31 0 Ld/Lbb mff, idcivicueffy ldtrlffmc lutputs ldtidulusfy fit

35-39 0 Ld/Lbb `mff, idcivicueffy `ldtrlffmc nfidkidg lutputs, 9 retms,

idvmrtmc lutput

=1 0 Ld/Lbb `mff, idcivicueffy `ldtrlffmc lutputs `ldtidulusfy fit,

idvmrtmc lutput

@R vefum lb 0 is rm`lhhmdcmc blr slfmdlic plidt hltlrs (m.g. Qm`l, Pmmp typm)

@R vefums 35-=1 nmjevm fikm vefums 05-31, nut tjm lutput is idvmrtmc. Wjmd

tjm lutput is ld it is et +5>v, edc wjmd lbb it is et 1v

3.>.> Lutput Hmssegm Qrlgrehhidg

Wjmd ed lutput `jedgms, lr curidg tjm Cigitrex Idtmrrlgetild smqumd`m ebtmr tre`k

plwmr is eppfimc, me`j lutput `mff èd nm prlgrehhmc tl smdc e Fl`lDmt hmssegm.

Sjis wiff idblrh ltjmr cmvi`ms ld Fl`lDmt es tl tjm lutputs stetm. Sjis is usmbuf blr

slbtwerm prlgrehs su`j es êifrlec & @l edc OHÎ. Sjm hmssegms erm `ldtrlffmc

ny prlgrehhidg @R05-0:.


17/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm 5= lb 05



05 Lutput @mff 5 hmssegm 0= Lutput @mff = hmssegm

0> Lutput @mff > hmssegm 02 Lutput @mff 2 hmssegm

00 Lutput @mff 0 hmssegm 07 Lutput @mff 7 hmssegm

03 Lutput @mff 3 hmssegm 0: Lutput @mff : hmssegm

Refum Hmedidg1 Dl hmssegm blr tjis lutput mff

5 Lutput Ptetm hmssegm gmdmretmc blr tjis mff

> Surdlut Bmmcne`k hmssegm gmdmretmc blr tjis mff

0 Pigdef lr PM hmssegm gmdmretmc. Sjis efflws tjm nlerc tl

idtmre`t witj PIGH51/PIGH>1 sigdefs.

3 Lutput Ptetm hmssegm gmdmretmc, wjmd idtmrrlgetmc ldfy

= Surdlut Bmmcne`k hmssegm gmdmretmc, wjmd idtmrrlgetmc ldfy

Eff hmssegms erm cmbidmc ny tjm Fl`lDmt spmìbiètild lwdmc ny Cigitrex Id`.

@R8>? tjm Surdlut Bmmcne`k hmssegm is tjm sehm es is `lhhldfy

essl ietmc witj plsitild bmmcne`k hi rlswit`jms. Sjm C E@>1 stlrms tjm

lutput stetm edc gmdmretms tjis hmssegm witj dl hi`rlswit`j dmmcmc. Qrlgrehs

fikm êifrlec &@L wiff cmtm`t tjm plidt plsitild `lrrm`t wjmd tjmy stert up.

Sjm Pigdef PM hmssegm efflws e PIGH01 `lflur figjt sigdef tl nm smt

e``lrcidg tl tjm plsitild lb e smhepjlrm sigdef crivmd ny tjm CE@>1, lr vi`m

vmrse.

3.>.0 Ltjmr Lutput Bud`tildsSjm CE@51 id`fucms e @epeìtlr Cis`jergm udit tl plwmr slfmdlic typm plidt

hltlrs. Wjmd tjm lutput `ldtrlf @Rs (@R55-5:) erm smt tl e slfmdlic typm (@R85-9,

lr @R855-59) e cmfey tihm is id`fucmc ny tjm udit nmtwmmd lutput `jedgms tl efflw

tjm @C] tl rm`jergm itsmfb. Sypièffy tjis tekms nmtwmmd 1.= edc 5 sm`ldc, cmpmdcidg

ld plwmr bmmc.

Sjm cmfey tihm is smt ny @R59. Sjm vefum prlgrehhmc idtl tjis @R smts e cmfey, id

udits lb 1.5 sm`ldcs. It èd nm prlgrehhmc witj vefums 5-0>, ihpfyidg cmfeys

nmtwmmd 1.5 edc 0.> sm`ldcs.

Sjm CE@>1 èd nm usmc tl `ldtrlf figjtidg ìrùits. Sjm fehps èd nm bifehmdt nufns,

lr èd nm figjt mhittidg cilcms (FMCs). FMCs, id pertiùfer, turd ld lr lbb idstedtfy.

Sjm CE@>1 jes e bmeturm tjet wiff sihufetm tjm grecuef nrigjtmdidg edc cerkmdidg lb

rmef figjts. Sjis is turdmc ld lr lbb blr me`j lutput usidg @R>1.

Sl mdenfm nrigjtdmss sihufetild, tjm vefums brlh tjm blfflwidg tenfm dmmc tl nm eccmc

tlgmtjmr tjmd prlgrehhmc idtl @R>1 tl turd ld tjm mbbm`t blr smfm`tmc lutputs.


18/33



@R>1 (Nrigjtdmss Pihufetild)

Lutput Ecc vefum Lutput Ecc vefum

5 5 = 52

> > 2 0>

0 3 7 23

3 : : 5>:

Mxehpfm? tl mdenfm nrigjtdmss sihufetild blr lutput 0,= & 2? prlgreh @R>1 witj (3

+ 52 + 0>) 8 =>

3.0 Idput @ldtrlf Pmttidgs

Sjm CE@>1 jes 51 idputs tjet èd nm prlgrehhmc tl e`jimvm smvmref purplsms. Sjm

idputs èd `ldtrlf lutput `mffs, lr triggmr rlutms. Sjmy èd gmdmretm Fl`lDmt

hmssegms. Idputs erm wirmc es sjlwd id sm`tild 0.0.

3.0.5 Idput typms

Me`j idput `mff is smperetmfy prlgrehhmc tl `ldtrlf its lpmretild. Sjis `lvmrs wjmd it

tekms ed e`tild, edc wjet e`tild is triggmrmc. Idputs èd gmdmretm ed e`tild?

Wjmd `jedgidg brlh 1v tl +5>v? tjis is epprlprietm ib e pusjnuttld is usmc;

Wjmd `jedgidg brlh 1v tl +5>v, edc +5>v tl 1v? tjis smttidg is epprlprietm ib

e tlggfm swit`j lr bmmcne`k cmvi`m (hi`rlswit`j, l`ùped`y cmtm`tlr) is usmc.

Idput lpmretilds erm `ldtrlffmc ny @R35-=1?


35 Idput @mff 5 smttidg 32 Idput @mff 2 smttidg

3> Idput @mff > smttidg 37 Idput @mff 7 smttidg

30 Idput @mff 0 smttidg 3: Idput @mff : smttidg

33 Idput @mff 3 smttidg 39 Idput @mff E smttidg

3= Idput @mff = smttidg =1 Idput @mff N smttidg

Refum Hmedidg

1 @mff dlt usmc.

5 Qusjnuttld typm mff, clmsdt ebbm`t lutput `mff> Slggfm swit`j typm `mff, clmsdt ebbm`t lutput `mff

0 Qusjnuttld typm mff, jedgm lutput mff stetm

3 Slggfm swit j typm `mff, lutput `mff blfflws idput smttidg

= Qusjnuttld typm mff, triggmr e flèf rlutm

3.0.> Idput Hmssegm Pmttidgs

Wjmd ed idput `jedgms, lr curidg tjm Cigitrex Idtmrrlgetild smqumd`m ebtmr tre`k

plwmr is eppfimc, me`j idput `mff èd nm prlgrehhmc tl smdc e Fl`lDmt hmssegm.

Sjis wiff idblrh ltjmr cmvi`ms ld Fl`lDmt es tl tjm idputs stetm. Sjis is usmbuf blr


19/33



slbtwerm prlgrehs su`j es êifrlec & @l edc OHÎ. Sjm hmssegms erm `ldtrlffmc

ny prlgrehhidg @R=5-21.


=5 Idput @mff 5 hmssegm =2 Idput @mff 2 hmssegm

=> Idput @mff > hmssegm =7 Idput @mff 7 hmssegm=0 Idput @mff 0 hmssegm =: Idput @mff : hmssegm

=3 Idput @mff 3 hmssegm =9 Idput @mff E hmssegm

== Idput @mff = hmssegm 21 Idput @mff N hmssegm

Refum Hmedidg

1 Dl hmssegm blr tjis idput mff

5 smdslr hmssegm gmdmretmc blr tjis `mff. Sjmsm erm usmc tl

idciètm wjmtjmr tre`k is l`ùpimc. Hey nm usmc witj l`ùped`y

cmtm`tlrs, m.g. Cigitrex NC3.

> Surdlut Bmmcne`k hmssegm gmdmretmc blr tjis `mff. Sjmsm ermusmc tl idciètm wjmtjmr e plidt is tjrlwd lr `flsmc, usidg e

bmmcne`k hi`rlswit`j ld tjm timner. Sjm `ldvmdtild is tjm swit`j

`ldte`t is `flsmc wjmd tjm plidt is @FLPMC.

0 Gmdmretm ed mhmrgmd`y stlp hmssegm tl jeft eff treids.

3 Gmdmretm e tre`k plwmr lbb hmssegm.

Wjmd Pmdslr hmssegms erm usmc, tjm udit gmdmretms hmssegms witj smdslr duhnmrs 5-

51 `lrrmspldcidg tl idputs 5-:, E edc N rmspm`tivmfy. Sjm smdslr hmssegm efsl dmmcs

e nlerc duhnmr (5->=2) tjet tjm smdslr hmssegm lrigidetmc brlh. Sjm vefumprlgrehhmc idtl @R09 prlvicms tjis vefum.

3.3 Gmdmref ]dit Pmttidgs

@R9 `ldtrlfs wjmtjmr tjm nlerc l`ùpims : lr 52 eccrmss flètilds. Sjis dmmcs tl nm

smt cmpmdcidg wjmtjmr tjm enifity tl smperetm me`j lutput `mff idtl twl idcmpmdcmdtfy

`ldtrlffmc jefvms is dmmcmc. Ib tjm nlerc is purmfy tl `ldtrlf plidt hltlrs, smt blr :

eccrmss flètilds; ib slhm lutputs erm nmidg usmc tl `ldtrlf rmfeys lr fehps

idcivicueffy, smt tl 52 flètilds.

Blr : flètilds? smt @R9 tl 1

Blr 52 flètilds? smt @R9 tl 5

@R51 `ldtrlfs wjmtjmr tjm udit e``mpts its plidt `lhhedcs brlh tjm C@@ reif sigdef

lr brlh Fl`lDmt. Sjis hey nm usmbuf id `mrteid spmìefismc eppfiètilds wjmrm e dld-

Cigitrex `lhhedc stetild is nmidg usmc; it hey efflw e CSH01 tl `ldtrlf plidts

wjifm e dld-Fl`lDmt `lhhedc stetild `ldtrlfs tjm treids, blr mxehpfm.

Blr C@@ `ldtrlf (dlrhef)? smt @R51 tl 1

Blr Fl`lDmt `ldtrlf (spm iefismc eppfiètilds ldfy)? smt @R51 tl 5 (smm

Eppmdcix M).


20/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm 5: lb 05


3.= Lutput Ptetm Hmhlry @R

(E``mss tl tjis @R is dlt dlrheffy rmquirmc)

Sjm CE@>1 rmhmhnmrs tjm stetm lb its lutputs id e dld-vlfetifm hmhlry, wji`j

rmhmhnmrs its stetm mvmd wjifm plwmr is turdmc lbb Mvmry tihm ed lutput is `jedgmc,

tjm dmw lutput stetm is rm`lrcmc tl tjis hmhlry.

@R01 smts tjm eccrmss usmc witjid tjm dld-vlfetifm hmhlry tl rm`lrc tjis lutput stetm

idblrhetild. It spmìbims ed eccrmss id tjm redgm 1 59 edc hey nm smt tl edy vefum id

tjet redgm.

Id dlrhef usm tjis @R dmmc dmvmr nm tlu`jmc. Nmèusm lb e budcehmdtef fibmtihm

rmstri`tild witj dld-vlfetifm hmhlrims, me`j idcivicuef eccrmss id tjm hmhlry hey

mvmdtueffy beif tl stlrm cete `lrrm`tfy. Id e CE@>1 usmc ceify tjis hey l`ùr ld`m

mvmry bmw ymers. Ib tjis jeppmds, ny rmprlgrehhidg tjis @R e cibbmrmdt eccrmss hey

nm smfm`tmc tl efflw lutput stetm tl nm rm`lrcmc.

3.2 Lutput Blfflwidg @ldtrlf @Rs

Lutput blfflwidg is e beìfity wji`j efflws ldm lutput tl blfflw tjm stetm lb

edltjmr. Sjis is usmbuf wjmrm plidts dmmc tl nm `jedgmc tlgmtjmr. Ed mxehpfm lb tjis

is et e `rlssidg nmtwmmd twl fidms? tjm plidts ld me`j fidm wlufc dlrheffy nm lpmretmc

tlgmtjmr. Witj plidt blfflwidg, ldm plidt èd nm `ldtrlffmc ny tjm usmr edc tjm

sm`ldc wiff eutlhetièffy blfflw its stetm.

Lutput blfflwidg is `ldtrlffmc usidg @Rs >5->:. Me`j @R `ldtrlfs tjm bmeturm blr ldm

idcivicuef lutput.

Lutput Blfflwidg @ldbiguretild Rerienfms

@R>5? Lutput 5 blfflwidg @R>=? Lutput = blfflwidg

@R>>? Lutput > blfflwidg @R>2? Lutput 2 blfflwidg

@R>0? Lutput 0 blfflwidg @R>7? Lutput 7 blfflwidg

@R>3? Lutput 3 blfflwidg @R>:? Lutput : blfflwidg

Refum Mbbm`t

1 Dl lutput blfflwidg (dlrhef lpmretild)

5-: Sjis lutput blfflws tjm lutput duhnmr mdtmrmc

Ltjmr vefums rmsmrvmc (cl dlt usm)

Senfm 3.5? Lutput Blfflwidg @R Refums

Mxehpfm? Lutput 0 is tl blfflw tjm stetm lb lutput 3. Sl e`jimvm tjis @R>0 is

prlgrehhmc witj e vefum 3. Ib lutput 3 is e`tivetmc mitjmr brlh e flèf swit`j idput lr

brlh e C@@ `lhhedc, lutput 0 wiff efsl nm crivmd tl tjm sehm stetm.

3.7 Flèf ^lutm @Rs

Flèf rlutms prlvicm e beìfity blr usmrs tl `ldtrlf hlrm tjed ldm plidt hltlr et e

tihm brlh e sidgfm e`tild. Sjis is usmbuf, blr mxehpfm, wjmrm e duhnmr lb plidts dmmctl nm smt tl cmbidm tjm rlutm tl nm tekmd ny e treid. Sjis hey nm tjrlugj e `lhpfmx


21/33



oud`tild (m.g. id tjm tjrlet tl e fergm stetild) lr e stlregm erme (m.g. e smt lb jiccmd

stegidg yercs).

: Flèf rlutms erm prlvicmc. Me`j efflws up tl 51 plidts tl nm smt tl e prmcmbidmc

stetm. Dltm tjet e flèf rlutm smts tjm plidts tl e cmbidmc stetm. Sjmrm is dl mquivefmdt

hm`jedish (ltjmr tjed usidg e cibbmrmdt flèf rlutm) tl udsmt tjmh. Blr lpmretilds

rmquiridg nltj e`tilds, `ldsicmr tjm lutput blfflwidg hm`jedish.

^lutm @R edgm ^lutm @R edgm

5 20-73 = 555-5>>

> 7=-:2 2 5>0-503

0 :7-9: 7 50=-532

3 99-551 : 537-5=:

Senfm 3.>? Flèf ^lutm @Rs

Sjm rlutm cmbiditild `ldsists lb e fist lb vefums tjet cms`rinm tjm smttidgs rmquirmc.Edy udusmc @Rs, et tjm mdc lb tjm fist, hust nm smt tl 1. Sjm vefums usmc hey nm es

blfflws?

Refum81? mdc lb rlutm cmbiditild

Refum 85-:? smt `mff 5-: (ld tjis nlerc) tl @FLPMC

Refum 855-5:? smt `mff 5-: (ld tjis nlerc) tl SJ^LWD

It is efsl plssinfm tl `ldtrlf plidts tjet erm dlt crivmd ny edltjmr e``msslry

cm`lcmr. Sl cl sl rmquirms twl mdtrims id tjm fist?

l Fllk up Z edc Y vefums blr tjm plidt eccrmss brlh tjm tenfm id

Eppmdcix Nl Ib tjm plidt is tl nm @FLPMC? prlgreh tjm birst mdtry tl nm (Y+511)

l Ib tjm plidt is tl nm SJ^LWD? prlgreh tjm birst mdtry tl nm (Y+>11)

l Id mitjmr èsm, prlgreh tjm Z vefum es tjm sm`ldc mdtry.

^lutms hey nm mdtmrmc vmry mesify idtl tjm Q@ prlgreh Fl`ledefysm edc tjmsm

vefums wiff nm èfùfetmc eutlhetièffy!

Flèf rlutms erm dlrheffy triggmrmc usidg e pusjnuttld idput. Sjmy hey efsl nm

triggmrmc ny e C@@ plidt smttidg brlh e tjrlttfm. Sl usm tjis bmeturm, @R25 & @R2>

dmmc tl nm smt tl `lrrmspldc tl tjm birst flètild tl nm usmc tl `ldtrlf rlutms; rlutms >-

: erm tjmd triggmrmc ny tjm sunsmqumdt 7 eccrmssms. It hey nm e gllc icme tl `jllsm

flètild smt epert brlh dlrhef plidt duhnmrs 9m.g. =15-=1:).


22/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm >1 lb 05


=.Ecved`mc QrlgrehhidgSjis sm`tild cms`rinms tjm ecved`mc prlgrehhidg tjet is plssinfm. Sjis hey nm

skippmc ib stedcerc e``msslry lpmretilds erm subbiìmdt. Sjmrm erm e redgm lb usms blr

wji`j hlrm `lhpfiètmc prlgrehhidg èd nm cmbidmc. Sjmsm bud`tilds `lufc nm

usmc, blr mxehpfm, tl èrry lut lpmretilds su`j es tjm blfflwidg?

Lpmretm e rmfey wjmd e tre`k smdslr is l`ùpimc

Lpmretm e rmfey wjmd e tre`k smdslr is l`ùpimc, nut ldfy wjmd e plidt is id e

pertiùfer plsitild

@ldtrlf e sigdef sl tjet tjm sigdef espm`t is cedgmr wjmd e tre`k smdslr

rmplrts tjet tjm tre`k is l`ùpimc, lr wjmd e plidt is smt egeidst tjm sigdef.

Sjmsm bud`tilds gl nmyldc wjet e sihpfm e``msslry èd cl; tjmy rmquirm tjet slhm

flgi` is prlvicmc tl tekm tjm smttidgs lb tjm verilus cmvi`ms ld tjm reifwey, edc wlrk

lut jlw tl `ldtrlf tjm lutput. Sjis heduef cms`rinms jlw tl usm tjmsm bud`tilds.

=.5 Wjet is e @ldcitild1 sigdef `ldtrlffmrs wiff efrmecy jevm usmc sihifer grlups lb

`ldcitilds tl `ldtrlf sigdef espm`t.

Wm `lufc ldtrlf tjm lutput `mff witj e stetmhmdt su`j es?

ib Z jeppmds, hekm tjm plidt gl tl @FLPMC

Wm wedt tl nm enfm tl `ldtrlf tjm lutput `mffs e``lrcidg tl e fist lb smvmref tjidgs sl

wm higjt jevm?

hekm tjm plidt gl tl @FLPMC ib E jeppmds, lr ib N jeppmds, lr ib @ jeppmds

Sjis is wjet `ldcitilds erm. Sjmy erm sihpfy e fist lb mvmdts wjmrm ib edy lb tjmh

jeppmd, tjm spmìbimc e`tild blr tjm sigdef wiff l`ùr.

@ldcitilds èd nm prlgrehhmc blr tjm blfflwidg mvmdts?

E plidt nmidg @FLPMC lr SJ^LWD;

E sigdef nmidg ^MC lr DLS ^MC;

E smdslr nmidg L@@]QIMC lr DLS L@@]QIMC;

Ny `rmetidg `lhnidetilds lb tjmsm `ldcitilds, vmry `lhpfmx plidt `ldtrlf; flgi` èd

nm `ldstru`tmc; blr mxehpfm?

hekm tjis plidt gl tl SJ^LWD ib plidt 3= is tjrlwd,

lr ib smdslr = ld nlerc 0 is l`ùpimc,

lr ib sigdef >9 is rmc


23/33



It is wlrtj dltidg tjet e``msslry duhnmrs (m.g. plidt duhnmrs) erm dlt rmstri`tmc tl

tjlsm essigdmc tl rmef plidts edc e``msslrims. Ib e usmr wedts tl hekm slhmtjidg

jeppmd udcmr usmr `ldtrlf, it èd nm e`jimvmc ny smttidg udusmc e``msslry duhnmrs tl

tjrlwd lr `flsmc. Blr mxehpfm, ib plidt =10 clms dlt mxist ld tjm feylut, tjmd mbbm`ts

id e CE@>1 èd nm idvlkmc ny smttidg =10 tl `flsmc lr tjrlwd usidg e tjrlttfm? tjis

clms dlt ebbm`t tjm lpmretidg tre`k nmèusm tjmrm is dl plidt duhnmrmc =10.Pl ber, `ldcitilds grlups jevm nmmd cms`rinmc tjet erm cmpmdcmdt ld ldm lr hlrm

idcivicuef mvmdts jeppmdidg, m.g. gl tl @FLPMC ib? plidt 7= is `flsmc, lr plidt 27 is

tjrlwd. It is efsl plssinfm tl cmbidm `ldcitilds wjmrm twl lr hlrm mvmdts jevm tl

jeppmd et tjm sehm tihm, m.g. gl tl @FLPMC ib plidt 7= is `flsmc EDC plidt 27 is

tjrlwd. Id tjis èsm tjm plidt wiff ldfy gl `jedgm tl `flsmc wjmd nltjplidts erm smt

es idciètmc.

@ldcitilds su`j es tjis èd nm id`lrplretmc idtl tjm `ldcitild grlups brmmfy edc èd

nm idtmrhidgfmc witj ltjmr `ldcitilds tl `rmetm `lhpfmx flgi`.

=.> Ecved`mc Lutput @ldtrlf Lpmretild

Sjm tjrmm nesi` typms lb lutput `mff id tjm CE@>1 erm cms`rinmc id sm`tild 3.>.5. Blr

sihpfm lutput `ldtrlf bud`tilds, tjm `mffs eppmer vmry sihifer. Jlwmvmr wjmd hlrm

`lhpfiètmc prlgrehhidg is usmc, tjmrm erm slhm cistid`tilds nmtwmmd tjm twl typms.

Sjmsm erm cms`rinmc id tjm dmxt sm`tild, tlgmtjmr witj tjm prlgrehhidg tjet èd nm

usmc.

=.>.5 Ecved`mc @ldtrlf blr Qlidt @mffs

Wjet e plidt `mff is typi effy usmc tl `ldtrlf e plidt hltlr. It is crivmd tl @FLPMC

lr SJ^LWD, edc tjmrm is dl nies tlwercs mitjmr sicm. E plidt `mff èd nm smt?

Ny ed mxtmrdef `lhhedc (m.g. ny e tjrlttfm);

Ny ed idput pusjnuttld;

Ny e `ldcitild grlup. Sjis efflws ltjmr e`tilds ld tjm reifwey tl `ldtrlf it.

Sjrmm grlups lb `ldcitilds erm eveifenfm blr me`j lutput `mff?

@flsmc

`ldcitilds

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èd èusm e plidt `mff tl `jedgm tl @flsmc. Ib

edy lb tjmsm `ldcitilds is e`tivm, tjmd tjm plidt wiff `jedgm es fldg es

tjmrm erm dl Sjrlwd lr Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.

Sjrlwd

`ldcitilds

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èd èusm e plidt `mff tl `jedgm tl Sjrlwd. Ib

edy lb tjmsm `ldcitilds is e`tivm, tjmd tjm plidt wiff `jedgm es fldg es

tjmrm erm dl @flsmc lr Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.

Brmmzm

`ldcitilds

> `ldcitilds pmr `mff èd cisenfm ltjmr `ldcitilds brlh `jedgidg tjm

`mff. Sjmsm èd nm usmc tl stlp e plidt `jedgidg ib e treid is ld its

tre`k, lr prmvmdt iffmgef stetms id 0 wey plidts blr mxehpfm.

Dltm tjet `ldcitilds hust nm udehnigulus. Ib nltj @flsmc edc Sjrlwd

`ldcitilds erm e`tivm, tjm `mff wiff dlt `jedgm.


24/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm >> lb 05


=.>.> Ecved`mc @ldtrlf blr Ld/Lbb @mffs

Ed ld/lbb `mff cibbmrs brlh e plidt stetm id tjet it jes twl stetms, nut tjm twl stetms

ermdt mqueffy niesmc. Sjm `mff wiff gl tl its ld stetm ib ed mxtmrdef `lhhedc is smt

tl SJ^LWD, lr ib its `ldcitild grlups erm e`tivm. Sjets fikm jevidg twl swit`jmsblr e figjt? mitjmr ldm èd turd tjm figjt ld, nut nltj hust nm et lbb nmblrm tjm `mff

wiff gl tl lbb.

Sypm > Ld/Lbb @mffs witj twl lutput wirms

Blr `mffs tjet jevm twl lutput wirms (m.g. stiff `ldtrlffidg e plidt hltlr) tjmrm erm 0

`ldcitilds grlups tjet `ldtrlf tjm `mff.

Ld

`ldcitilds E

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èusm ed ld/lbb `mff tl nm`lhm ld. Sjm `mff

wiff `jedgm tl ld es fldg es tjmrm erm dl Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.Ld

`ldcitilds N

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èusm ed ld/lbb `mff tl nm`lhm ld. Sjm `mff

wiff `jedgm tl ld es fldg es tjmrm erm dl Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.

Brmmzm

`ldcitilds

> `ldcitilds pmr `mff èd cisenfm ltjmr `ldcitilds brlh `jedgidg tjm

`mff.

Sjm E edc N `ldcitilds grlups nltj `ldtrlf tjm `mff, edc tjmrm is dl cibbmrmd`m

nmtwmmd tjmh.

Sypm 0, Idcivicueffy `ldtrlffmc ld/lbb `mffs

Heid Ld

`ldcitilds

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èusm tjm heid lutput lb ed idcivicueffy

`ldtrlffmc ld/lbb `mff tl nm`lhm ld. Sjm `mff wiff `jedgm tl ld

es fldg es tjmrm erm dl Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.

Eux Ld

`ldcitilds

7 `ldcitilds pmr `mff èusm tjm eux lutput lb ed idcivicueffy

`ldtrlffmc ld/lbb `mff tl nm`lhm ld. Sjm `mff wiff `jedgm tl ld

es fldg es tjmrm erm dl Brmmzm `ldcitilds e`tivm.

Brmmzm`ldcitilds

> `ldcitilds pmr `mff èd cisenfm ltjmr `ldcitilds brlh `jedgidg tjm`mff.

=.>.0 @ldcitild Cmfey blr Ld/Lbb mffs

Plhmtihms, it is epprlprietm tjet wjmd e `ldcitild jeppmds, tjm stetm sjlufc stey id

tjet plsitild blr e pmrilc ebtmrwercs. Sjis higjt nm usmc tl hekm e sigdef gl tl

cedgmr edc stey et cedgmr blr e duhnmr lb sm`ldcs ebtmr tjm treid pessms,

rmgercfmss lb wjet plsitild tjm tre`k smdslrs erm id.


25/33



Ld/Lbb `mffs jevm e tihm cmfey vefum esslìetmc witj tjmh. Wjmd ed lutput turds

ld es e rmsuft lb e `ldcitild grlup, tjm `ldcitilds wiff jlfc tjmir ùrrmdt smttidg blr

tjm prlgrehhmc tihm pmrilc nmblrm tjmy erm rm-mvefuetmc. Sjis jes tjm mbbm`t lb

hekidg tjm lutput stey ld blr et fmest es fldg es tjet tihm pmrilc.

Sjm cmfey vefum is sihpfy prlgrehhmc es tjm duhnmr lb sm`ldcs nmblrm wji`j tjm`ldcitilds wiff nm rm-mvefuetmc. Sjm vefum èd nm nmtwmmd 1 & >== sm`ldcs.

@R Cmfey vefum @R Cmfey vefum

@R 525 Cmfey blr mff 5 @R 52= Cmfey blr mff =

@R 52> Cmfey blr mff > @R 522 Cmfey blr mff 2

@R 520 Cmfey blr mff 0 @R 527 Cmfey blr mff 7

@R 523 Cmfey blr mff 3 @R 52: Cmfey blr mff :

=.>.3 Ecved`mc ^lutm Lpmretild

Me`j rlutm èd nm triggmrmc ny e grlup lb `ldcitilds. Sjis `lufc nm usmc tl efflw e

rlutm tjrlugj tre`kwlrk tl nm `ldtrlffmc ny tjm errivef lb e treid et ed idput sm`tild lb

tre`k.

Me`j rlutm is efflètmc e smt lb = `ldcitilds et tjm blfflwidg flètilds?

@R flètild ^lutm @R flètild ^lutm

@R 0:5-0:= Sriggmr rlutm 5 @R 315-31= Sriggmr rlutm =

@R 0:2-091 Sriggmr rlutm > @R 312-351 Sriggmr rlutm 2

@R 095-09= Sriggmr rlutm 0 @R 355-35= Sriggmr rlutm 7

@R 092-311 Sriggmr rlutm 3 @R 352-3>1 Sriggmr rlutm :

=.>.= Eccitildef Lutput Cmfey

Dlrheffy, `mff lutput lpmretm idcmpmdcmdtfy lb me`j ltjmr. Plhmtihms jlwmvmr it is

dm`mssery blr ldm lutput dlt tl `jedgm udtif edltjmr jes bidisjmc `jedgidg. Sjis èd

l`ùr ld tjrmm wey plidts, wjmrm tjmrm is ltjmrwism e re`m nmtwmmd tjm twl timners.

@R3>5-3>: efflw e cmfey tl nm prlgrehhmc. Wjmd zmrl tjm lutputs lpmretmdlrheffy. Wjmd e cmfey is smt, dl ltjmr lutput wiff nm efflwmc tl `jedgm udtif tjis

cmfey jes l`ùrrmc. It wiff blr`m edy ltjmr lutput tl weit. Sjm cmfey vefum is id udits

lb 1.5 sm`ldcs? e vefum lb >= `lrrmspldcs tl >.= sm`ldcs.

@R flètild ^lutm @R flètild ^lutm

@R 3>5 Lutput 5 cmfey @R 3>= Lutput = cmfey

@R 3>> Lutput > cmfey @R 3>2 Lutput 2 cmfey

@R 3>0 Lutput 0 cmfey @R 3>7 Lutput 7 cmfey

@R 3>3 Lutput 3 cmfey @R 3>: Lutput : cmfey


26/33



2.Qrlgrehhidg tjm CE@>1Fikm edy C@@ cm`lcmr, tjm CE@>1 dmmcs tl jevm slhm @Rs smt tl `ldtrlf its

lpmretild. Sjmrm erm tjrmm hmtjlcs tl prlgreh tjm @Rs?

]sidg FME^D hlcm

]sidg e Q@ ]sidg e prlgrehhidg tre`k

2.5 Fmerd Hlcm

Sjm sihpfmst hmtjlc lb prlgrehhidg is FME^D hlcm. Sjis efflws tjm udit tl nm

prlgrehhmc fivm wjifm `lddm`tmc tl tjm C@@ reifs id tjm dlrhef wey.

FME^D hlcm is mdtmrmc edc mxitmc ny prmssidg tjm FME^D nuttld blr hlrm

tjed ldm sm`ldc. Wjmd it is rmfmesmc, tjm CE@>1 wiff `jedgm hlcm. Sjm grmmd FMC

wiff nfidk ld edc lbb epprlxihetmfy ld`m pmr sm`ldc wjifm id FME^D hlcm.

Wjmd id FME^D hlcm, tjm CE@>1 rmspldcs tl nltj swit`j (plidt) `lhhedcs edc

lps hlcm (ld tjm reifs) prlgrehhidg `lhhedcs es blfflws?

Edy swit`j `lhhedc is usmc tl smt tjm nesm eccrmss edc `fmer eff lb tjm @Rs. Ib tjm

swit`j is smt tl Sjrlwd, tjm lutputs erm `ldbigurmc blr slfmdlic plidt hltlrs (m.g.

Qm`l). Ib tjm swit`j is smt tl @flsmc, tjm lutputs erm `ldbigurmc blr `ldtidulusfy

plwmrmc plidt hltlrs (m.g. Slrtlism). Wm rm`lhhmdc usidg tjis hmtjlc ib

cibbiùftims erm nmidg md`ludtmrmc.

Edy lps hlcm prlgrehhidg `lhhedcs (tjm sehm es usmc tl prlgreh e fl`lhltivm

wjifm ld tjm reifs) wiff prlgreh @Rs ld tjm CE@>1 wjifm id tjis hlcm. Sl usm tjis

hmtjlc? usm e tjrlttfm tl smfm`t e fl`lhltivm duhnmr tjet clms dlt mxist ld tjm

reifwey, edc mdtmr lps hlcm prlgrehhidg hlcm. ]sm tjm tjrlttfm tl smfm`t e @R

duhnmr edc e dmw vefum, edc tjm dmw vefum wiff nm prlgrehhmc. Sjm grmmd FMC ld

tjm CE@>1 wiff nfidk. Nm èrmbuf usidg tjis hlcm? tjm pltmdtief tl rmprlgreh e fl`l

idecvmrtmdtfy ny smfm`tidg its fl`l duhnmr is grmet!

2.> Q@ Qrlgrehhidg

Ib ylu jevm e Q@ witj ed idtmrbe`m tl Fl`lDmt (blr mxehpfm e Cigitrex Q^0, lr e

Fl`lNubbmr) tjmd eff lb tjm smttidgs èd nm prlgrehhmc usidg tjm Q@. Wm prlvicm e

brmm prlgreh Fl`ledefysm, wji j èd prlgreh tjm CE@>1 edc ltjmr @HF

Mfm`trldi`s prlcu`ts. Sjmir smttidgs èd nm stlrmc edc pridtmc, blr fetmr rmbmrmd`m. Sjm

prlgreh èd nm clwdflecmc brmm lb `jergm brlh lur wmn sitm.

Sjmrm is e qui`k stert guicm ld tjm wmnsitm `lvmridg idsteffidg edc smttidg up tjm

Fl`ledefysm prlgreh.

Sl usm Fl`ledefysm tl prlgreh e CE@>1, blfflw tjmsm nesi` stmps. Wjmrm cmteifs erm

dmmcmc enlut wjet tl mdtmr idtl edy lb tjm nlxms, `ldsuft tjm jmfp bifm idsteffmc witj

tjm prlgreh.


27/33

CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm >= lb 05


^ud tjm prlgreh ny usidg tjm Widclws Ptert hmdu. Pmfm`t @ldbigurm nlercs

brlh tjm @ldbigurm hmdu. Pmfm`t tjm CE@>1 ten ld tjm widclw. Sjmd smfm`t

Ecc dmw nlerc brlh tjm nlercs hmdu. Ed mdtry blr e dmw CE@>1 is dlw

visinfm.

Pmfm`t tjet mdtry id tjm widclw, tjmd smfm`t Mcit nlerc brlh tjm Nlercs hmdu.

Sjm CE@>1 mcitlr widclw lpmds; tjis is wjmrm tjm smttidgs erm prlgrehhmc.

Mdtmr tjm smrief duhnmr blr ylur nlerc idtl tjm mcit nlx ld tjm tlp rigjt lb tjm

widclw. Sjis is herkmc ld tjm prl`msslr `jip ld tjm CE@>1. Sjis duhnmr is usmc tl

bidc tjm nlerc ld Fl`lDmt blr prlgrehhidg.

Sjm smttidgs blr lutput `mffs, idput `mffs edc rlutms erm lpmdmc blr mcit ny clunfm

`fi`kidg ld tjm mdtry id tjm fists tl tjm fmbt jedc sicm lb tjm CE@>1 widclw. Sjm

gmdmref smttidgs blr tjm nlerc erm ld tjm rigjt jedc sicm lb tjm widclw. Sjmsm id`fucm

tjm nesm eccrmss, wji`j wiff efhlst efweys dmmc tl nm `jedgmc.

Qrmss LK tl `flsm tjm widclw; tjmd `fi`k sevm ld tjm Bifm hmdu. Sjm prlgreh

wiff esk blr e bifmdehm; `jllsm ed epprlprietm pfe`m tl sevm ylur nlercs smttidgs.

]sm tjm mcit nlerc widclw tl `jedgm tjm smttidgs; rmhmhnmr tl sevm `jedgms lbtmd.

]sm tjm jmfp bifm wjmrm dmmcmc.


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Ld`m tjm smttidgs erm rmecy, `flsm tjm CE@>1 mcit widclw edc sevm tjm smttidgs.

Sjmd smfm`t ylur CE@>1 nlerc id tjm `ldbigurm nlerc widclw, edc prmss tjm

prlgreh nuttld. Sjm smttidgs wiff nm smdt tjrlugj Fl`lDmt, edc ylur nlerc wiff nm

rmecy blr usm id epprlxihetmfy 51 sm`ldcs.

2.0 ]sidg e Qrlgrehhidg Sre`k

Sjm CE@>1 èd nm prlgrehhmc usidg e prlgrehhidg tre`k. Sjis usms tjm

prlgrehhidg beìfitims lbbmrmc ny eff C@@ `lhhedc stetilds. Me`j systmh iscibbmrmdt? tjm spmìbi` usm lb edy ldm `lhhedc stetild is dlt `lvmrmc ny tjis heduef.

Sjm CE@>1 supplrts Qegmc Hlcm edc Cirm`t Hlcm prlgrehhidg. Sl prmperm tjm

CE@>1 blr prlgrehhidg, smvmref stmps dmmc tl nm tekmd?

^mhlvm prlgrehhidg ouhpmr OQ9;

@lddm`t tjm CE@>1 tl tjm `lhhedc stetilds prlgrehhidg tre`k lutput;

Pmfm`t tjm `lhhedc stetild tl gmdmretm Qegmc hlcm lr Cirm`t hlcm

prlgrehhidg `lhhedcs.


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@Rs èd nm prlgrehhmc edc rmec ne`k id oust tjm sehm wey es fl`lhltivm

cm`lcmrs.

Hlst C@@ `lhhedc stetilds wiff usm dlrhef cmìhef duhnmrs tl cms`rinm tjm vefums

tl nm prlgrehhmc idtl me`j rmgistmr, edc cmìhef vefums tl cms`rinm rmgistmr

eccrmssms. Sjm CE@>1 heduef blfflws tjis `ldvmdtild.

Plhm lfcmr C@@ systmhs rmquirm jmxecmìhef (nesm 52) vefums tl nm usmc? blr

mxehpfm tjm Cigitrex CS511 jedcjmfc tjrlttfm usms tjis systmh. Sjis sihpfy rmquirms

tjet tjm duhnmrs nm `ldvmrtmc brlh cmìhef tl jmxecmìhef? e cmìhef tl

jmxecmìhef `ldvmrsild `jert is prlvicmc id Eppmdcix @ blr tjis purplsm. Blr

mxehpfm, e vefum lb 5=3 is mquivefmdt tl tjm jmxecmìhef duhnmr 9E.


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CE@>1 E``msslry Cm`lcmr ]smr Heduef Qegm >: lb 05


Eppmdcix E CE@>1 @ldbiguretild Rerienfms (@Rs)

@R Bud`tild Hmedidg Sypm Iditief

Refum

5 Hmhlry sizm Dl usmr hmedidg! rmec-ldfy 5

> Plbtwerm Rmrsildduhnmr

Plbtwerm vmrsild idsteffmc rmec-ldfy 5

0,3 Pmrief Duhnmr Nlerc smrief duhnmr, usmc

blr Q@ prlgrehhidg.

dlrhef herkmc

ld `jip

=,2 Nesm eccrmss stert e``msslry eccrmss

usmc blr dlrhef lpmretilds

@R=85;

@R281

7 Rmrsild ic Es @R > rmec-ldfy 5

: Hedube`turmr ic C@@ ic blr @HF

Mfm`trldi`s

rmec-ldfy 5

9 Eccrmss sizm Pmm sm`tild 3.3 dlrhef 151 Nus smfm`t Pmm sm`tild 3.3 dlrhef 1

55-5: Lutput smttidgs Pmm sm`tild 3.> dlrhef 0

59 @C] tihidg Pmm sm`tild 3.>.0 dlrhef :

>1 Nrigjtdmss ldtrlf Pmm sm`tild 3.>.0 dlrhef 1

>5->: Lutput blfflwidg Pmm sm`tild 3.2 dlrhef 1

>9 Cm`lcmr ldbig (jes dl mbbm`t) rmec-ldfy 5>:

01 Lutput hmhlry Pmm sm`tild 3.= dlrhef 1

05-0: Lutput hmssegm

smttidgs

Pmm sm`tild 3.>.> dlrhef 3

09 Pmdslr nlerc duhnmr Pmm sm`tild 3.0.> dlrhef 52

35-=1 Idput smttidgs Pmm sm`tild 3.0.5 dlrhef 5

=5-21 Idput hmssegm

smttidgs

Pmm sm`tild 3.0.> dlrhef =5-=:81

=9-2185

25-2> ^lutm nesm eccrmss Pmm sm`tild 3.7 dlrhef 258>0>;

2>80

20-5=: Fl`ef rlutms Pmm sm`tild 3.7 dlrhef 1

525-52: Lutput @ldcitild

Cmfey

Pmm sm`tild =.>.0 dlrhef 1

575->=1 Mxtmrdef cmvi`m tenfm Pmm sm`tild =.5 dlrhef 1

>=5-07: @mff ldcitilds Pmm sm`tilds =.>.5, =.>.> dlrhef 1

0:5-3>1 ^lutm ldcitilds Pmm sm`tild =.>.3 dlrhef 1

3>5-3>: Eccitildef lutput

cmfey

Pmm sm`tild =.>.= dlrhef 1


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Eppmdcix N Cm`lcmr Eccrmss @jertSjis `jert tenufetms tjm cm`lcmr nesm eccrmssms lnteidmc brlh cibbmrmdt smttidgs lb

@R= & @R2 blr dld _S@ systmhs. It is efsl usmc blr rlutm eccrmss smttidg Eftjlugj

tjis tenfm sjlws stmps lb 51, dltm tjet eff idtmrhmcietm eccrmssms `ed nm usmc.

Mxehpfms lb eccrmssms?

Nesm eccrmss 8 75? smt @R281, @R=875 Nesm eccrmss 8 23=? smt @R28>, @R=8500

@R2 (Y vefum)

1 5 > 0 3 = 2 7

5 5 >=7 =50 729 51>= 5>:5 5=07 5790

55 55 >27 =>0 779 510= 5>95 5=37 5:10

>5 >5 >77 =00 7:9 513= 5015 5==7 5:50

05 05 >:7 =30 799 51== 5055 5=27 5:>0

35 35 >97 ==0 :19 512= 50>5 5=77 5:00

=5 =5 017 =20 :59 517= 5005 5=:7 5:30

25 25 057 =70 :>9 51:= 5035 5=97 5:=0

75 75 0>7 =:0 :09 519= 50=5 5217 5:20

:5 :5 007 =90 :39 551= 5025 5257 5:70

95 95 037 210 :=9 555= 5075 52>7 5::0

515 515 0=7 250 :29 55>= 50:5 5207 5:90

555 555 027 2>0 :79 550= 5095 5237 5910

5>5 5>5 077 200 ::9 553= 5315 52=7 5950505 505 0:7 230 :99 55== 5355 5227 59>0

535 535 097 2=0 919 552= 53>5 5277 5900

5=5 5=5 317 220 959 557= 5305 52:7 5930

525 525 357 270 9>9 55:= 5335 5297 59=0

575 575 3>7 2:0 909 559= 53=5 5717 5920

5:5 5:5 307 290 939 5>1= 5325 5757 5970

595 595 337 710 9=9 5>5= 5375 57>7 59:0

>15 >15 3=7 750 929 5>>= 53:5 5707 5990

>55 >55 327 7>0 979 5>0= 5395 5737 >110>>5 >>5 377 700 9:9 5>3= 5=15 57=7 >150

>05 >05 3:7 730 999 5>== 5=55 5727 >1>0

>35 >35 397 7=0 5119 5>2= 5=>5 5777 >100

>=5 >=5 =17 720 5159 5>7= 5=05 57:7 >130

@R=

(Z vefum)

Evlic eccrmss redgms 5157-51>1 (tjmsm erm usmc ny Cigitrex blr e spm`ief purplsm)

Blr _S@ systmhs, usm tjm FME^D hmtjlc tl smt tjm nesm eccrmss


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Eppmdcix @ Jmxecmìhef @ldvmrsild @jertIb ylur C@@ systmh dmmcs jmxecmìhef vefums blr prlgrehhidg, usm tjis `jert tl

`ldvmrt brlh cmìhef vefums tl jmx vefums. (Sjis usueffy eppfims tl lfc systmhs ldfy)

cm` jmx cm` jmx cm` jmx cm` jmx cm` jmx cm` jmx

1 11 33 >@ :: =: 50> :3 572 N1 >>1 C@5 15 3= >C :9 =9 500 := 577 N5 >>5 CC> 1> 32 >M 91 =E 503 :2 57: N> >>> CM0 10 37 >B 95 =N 50= :7 579 N0 >>0 CB3 13 3: 01 9> =@ 502 :: 5:1 N3 >>3 M1= 1= 39 05 90 =C 507 :9 5:5 N= >>= M52 12 =1 0> 93 =M 50: :E 5:> N2 >>2 M>7 17 =5 00 9= =B 509 :N 5:0 N7 >>7 M0: 1: => 03 92 21 531 :@ 5:3 N: >>: M39 19 =0 0= 97 25 535 :C 5:= N9 >>9 M=

51 1E =3 02 9: 2> 53> :M 5:2 NE >01 M2

55 1N == 07 99 20 530 :B 5:7 NN >05 M75> 1@ =2 0: 511 23 533 91 5:: N@ >0> M:50 1C =7 09 515 2= 53= 95 5:9 NC >00 M953 1M =: 0E 51> 22 532 9> 591 NM >03 ME5= 1B =9 0N 510 27 537 90 595 NB >0= MN52 51 21 0@ 513 2: 53: 93 59> @1 >02 M@57 55 25 0C 51= 29 539 9= 590 @5 >07 MC5: 5> 2> 0M 512 2E 5=1 92 593 @> >0: MM59 50 20 0B 517 2N 5=5 97 59= @0 >09 MB>1 53 23 31 51: 2@ 5=> 9: 592 @3 >31 B1>5 5= 2= 35 519 2C 5=0 99 597 @= >35 B5

>> 52 22 3> 551 2M 5=3 9E 59: @2 >3> B>>0 57 27 30 555 2B 5== 9N 599 @7 >30 B0>3 5: 2: 33 55> 71 5=2 9@ >11 @: >33 B3>= 59 29 3= 550 75 5=7 9C >15 @9 >3= B=>2 5E 71 32 553 7> 5=: 9M >1> @E >32 B2>7 5N 75 37 55= 70 5=9 9B >10 @N >37 B7>: 5@ 7> 3: 552 73 521 E1 >13 @@ >3: B:>9 5C 70 39 557 7= 525 E5 >1= @C >39 B901 5M 73 3E 55: 72 52> E> >12 @M >=1 BE05 5B 7= 3N 559 77 520 E0 >17 @B >=5 BN0> >1 72 3@ 5>1 7: 523 E3 >1: C1 >=> B@

00 >5 77 3C 5>5 79 52= E= >19 C5 >=0 BC03 >> 7: 3M 5>> 7E 522 E2 >51 C> >=3 BM0= >0 79 3B 5>0 7N 527 E7 >55 C0 >== BB02 >3 :1 =1 5>3 7@ 52: E: >5> C307 >= :5 =5 5>= 7C 529 E9 >50 C=0: >2 :> => 5>2 7M 571 EE >53 C209 >7 :0 =0 5>7 7B 575 EN >5= C731 >: :3 =3 5>: :1 57> E@ >52 C:35 >9 := == 5>9 :5 570 EC >57 C93> >E :2 =2 501 :> 573 EM >5: CE30 >N :7 =7 505 :0 57= EB >59 CN


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Eppmdcix C Fl`lDmt Idtmrrlgetild Pmqumd`mSjm CE@>1 pertiìpetms id tjm Fl`lDmt e``msslry edc smdslr idtmrrlgetild smqumd`m

wji`j is `ldtrlffmc ny slhm `lhhedc stetilds (m.g. C@P511). Sjis smqumd`m is

idvlkmc ebtmr plwmr is eppfimc tl tjm feylut ny tjm `lhhedc stetild smdcidge``msslry `lhhedcs tl spmìef eccrmssms. Sjm CE@>1 rmspldcs ny gmdmretidg

Fl`lDmt lutput stetm & smdslr bmmcne`k hmssegms e``lrcidg tl tjm smttidgs lb me`j

plidt lutput edc tjm stetus lb me`j idput (wji`j hey nm crivmd ny e Fl`lDmt smdslr).

Sjis nmjevilur efflws tjm Fl`lDmt systmh tl cis`lvmr tjm stetm lb eff ette`jmc

plidts, e``msslry cmvi`ms edc idput smdslrs ebtmr plwmr is eppfimc. Dl burtjmr

hmssegms erm gmdmretmc udtif e plidt lutput lr e smdslr idput `jedgms stetm.

Eppmdcix M Lpmretidg witjlut Sre`k QlwmrBlr reifweys usidg Cigitrex `lhhedc stetilds ldfy, tjm CE@51 èd nm lpmretmc brlh

ed euxifiery suppfy witj dl tre`k plwmr `lddm`tild. Sjis jes tjm ecvedtegm tjet tre`k

plwmr sjlrts cl dl èusm tjm CE@>1 tl flsm plwmr. Sjis hmeds tjet ib e treid crivms

ldtl ed id`lrrm`tfy smt plidt, èusidg e tre`k sjlrt, tjm plidt èd nm `jedgmc.

Sl usm tjis `ldbiguretild?

5. @lddm`t ed euxifiery suppfy tl PK5 pids 5&> (i.m. wjmrm tre`k plwmr wlufc

dlrheffy nm `lddm`tmc)

>. Hekm surm OQ9 is idsteffmc.

0. Qrlgreh @R5185 (tjis hekms tjm CE@>1 rmspldc tl Fl`lDmt `lhhedcs, dlt tl

C@@ `lhhedcs).

Dltm tjet tjm CE@>1 wiff dlt rmspldc tl rlutms prlgrehhmc idtl e C@P511

`lhhedc stetild id tjis `ldbiguretild. ^lutms brlh CE@>1, edc CSH01 Slwmr

Hestmr udits, erm bidm.

Sjm Grmmd FMC wiff DLS nm fit id tjis hlcm. Jlwmvmr it wiff figjt hlhmdterify ib e

`lhhedc blr tjm nlerc is cmtm`tmc.

Sig-naTrak® DAC20 Accessory Decoder User Manual

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