Siena Wiedmann, William Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel

Braunstein, Faye Ogawa

Period 1

BIOChemistry

Atoms

• Atoms are the smallest units of matter. They are the building blocks of everything.

• The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Protons=Positive charge• Neutrons=Neutral charge• Electrons=Negative charge

• Elements are pure substances that are made of only one type of atom.

• Isotopes are elements with different numbers of neutrons.

• Because isotopes have the same number electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.

Elements

Key:

Atomic MassThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Element Symbol

Name of Element

Atomic NumberThe number of protons.

• Shows the number of valence electrons.• It determines how elements combine.

Lewis Dots

• When two elements chemically combine they form compounds.

• Ionic bonds form when metals and nonmetals combine and transfer electrons.

• Covalent bonds form when nonmetals and metals combine and share electrons.

Chemical Bonding

• A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

• Cohesion is attraction between molecules of the same substance.

• Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances.

Water

• A mixture is a material composed of two or more elements combined physically, not chemically.

• Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances in which the molecule of the substance is evenly distributed.

• The solute is the substance that is dissolved.• The solvent is the substance in which the solute is

dissolved.

Solutions and Suspensions

• An Acid is any compound that forms H+ ions. The closer to 0 the acid is the stronger it is.

• A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions). The closer to 14 the stronger the base is.

• Neutral is any compound that has a pH of 7.

pH

• Carbohydrates are groups of organic compounds that include sugar, starch, and cellulose. The subunit is monosaccharides.

• Proteins are complex, organic compounds made up of amino acids.

• Lipids are organic compounds that contains fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. They are made of fatty acid chains.

• Nucleic acids are large, complex molecules that contain the hereditary information for all living things. They are made of nucleotides.

Organic compounds

Enzymes

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions!

• One or more substances are changed into new substances by making or breaking chemical bonds.

• The reactants are what goes into a chemical reaction and the product is what comes out.

Chemical Reactions

a) A unit composed of nucleotidesb) The smallest units of matterc) A unit containing active organellesd) None of these

1. What is an atom?

2. What is the atomic mass?

a) Number of protonsb) Number of neutronsc) A & Bd) None of the above

3. What is this?

a) Atomic massb) Atomic numberc) Element symbold) None of the above

4. Which one of these is a chemical bond?

a) Salt dissolved in waterb) Ripping a piece of paper c) Gluing feathers onto a hatd) None of the above

5. Which one is NOT a covalent bond?

a) Waterb) Carbon dioxidec) Nitrogend) All of the above

6. What does pH measure?

a) Acidity b) How much water is in a solutionc) How sour a drink is d) All of the above

7. What are the subunits of lipids?

a) Fatty acid chainsb) A nitrogen basec) Carbon dioxided) French fries

8. How many Lewis dots are there for Carbon?

a) 4b) 8c) 3d) 42

9. What group is Neon (Ne) in?

9. What group is Neon (Ne) in?

a) Noble gasb) Alkali Metalc) Halogensd) Alkali Earth Metal

10. What is this?

a) Inactive Siteb) Proteinc) Active sited) Ribosome

Answer

1. B2. C3. B4. D5. C6. A7. A8. A9. A10. C