Si ClausesSi ClausesFrench “If…-then” French “If…-then”

ClausesClauses

Second conditional: Second conditional: Unlikely SituationsUnlikely Situations

The The imperfectimperfect -- conditionalconditional construction is used to construction is used to express something that is contrary to present fact or express something that is contrary to present fact or unlikely to occur. The imperfect follows unlikely to occur. The imperfect follows sisi; it is the ; it is the condition that must be met before the conditional condition that must be met before the conditional action can take place.action can take place.

Si j'Si j'avaisavais le temps, je le le temps, je le feraisferais - If I had time, I would do - If I had time, I would do it.it.Je le Je le feraisferais si j' si j'avaisavais le temps - I would do it if I had le temps - I would do it if I had time.time.

Si tu Si tu étudiaisétudiais, tu , tu seraisserais intelligent - If you studied, you intelligent - If you studied, you would be smart.would be smart.Tu Tu seraisserais intelligent si tu intelligent si tu étudiaisétudiais - You would be smart - You would be smart if you studied.if you studied.

Third conditional: Third conditional: Impossible situationsImpossible situations

The The pluperfectpluperfect -- conditional perfectconditional perfect construction is used to construction is used to express a hypothetical situation that is contrary to past fact. The express a hypothetical situation that is contrary to past fact. The pluperfectpluperfect follows follows sisi; it is the event that would have had to be ; it is the event that would have had to be different in order for the other event (conditional perfect) to have different in order for the other event (conditional perfect) to have been possible.been possible.

Si j'Si j'avais euavais eu le temps, je l' le temps, je l'auraisaurais faitfait - If I had had time, I would have - If I had had time, I would have done it.done it.Je l'Je l'auraisaurais faitfait si j' si j'avaisavais eueu le temps - I would have done it if I had had le temps - I would have done it if I had had time.time.Si tu Si tu avais étudiéavais étudié, tu , tu auraisaurais étéété intelligent - If you had studied, you intelligent - If you had studied, you would have been smart.would have been smart.Tu Tu aurais étéaurais été intelligent si tu intelligent si tu avais étudiéavais étudié - You would have been - You would have been smart if you had studied.smart if you had studied.Si elle vous Si elle vous avait vuavait vu, elle vous , elle vous aurait aidéaurait aidé - If she had seen you, she - If she had seen you, she would have helped you.would have helped you.Elle vous Elle vous aurait aidéaurait aidé si elle vous si elle vous avait vuavait vu - She would have helped - She would have helped you if she had seen you.you if she had seen you.

Le Plus-que-ParfaitLe Plus-que-Parfait

Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?

La Formation…La Formation…

Verbes en Verbes en –er, -ir, -re–er, -ir, -re

Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?

Le plus-que-parfaitLe plus-que-parfait is a past tense is a past tense It is used to express a completed action It is used to express a completed action

further in the past than the P.C.further in the past than the P.C. Ex. Il avait mangé la pommeEx. Il avait mangé la pomme

• (He had eaten the apple)(He had eaten the apple)

Like the P.C., there are two parts to the P-Like the P.C., there are two parts to the P-Q-P:Q-P:

A/ an auxiliary verb (avoir or être)A/ an auxiliary verb (avoir or être) Conjugated in the imparfaitConjugated in the imparfait

B/ a past participleB/ a past participle

Auxiliary Verb AvoirAuxiliary Verb Avoir

Avoir = To haveAvoir = To have

J’avaisJ’avais

Tu avaisTu avais

Il/elle avaitIl/elle avait

Nous avionsNous avions

Vous aviezVous aviez

Ils/elles avaientIls/elles avaient

Auxiliary Verb EtreAuxiliary Verb Etre

Etre = To beEtre = To be

J’étaisJ’étais

Tu étaisTu étais

Il/elle étaitIl/elle était

Nous étionsNous étions

Vous étiezVous étiez

Ils/elles étaientIls/elles étaient

La FormationLa FormationLLes verbes en es verbes en -er-er

Verbes en –er: Verbes en –er: to form the past to form the past participle, drop the participle, drop the –er –er of the of the infinitive and add “infinitive and add “é”é”

Example: DONNER = Example: DONNER =

Past participle: ____________________Past participle: ____________________

Auxiliary verb: ____________________Auxiliary verb: ____________________

DonnerDonner

Donner = to giveDonner = to give Past Participle = donnPast Participle = donnéé Auxiliary Verb = avoirAuxiliary Verb = avoir

Conjugate the verb Conjugate the verb donner donner in the in the

plus-que-parfait!plus-que-parfait!

Donner Donner

J’avais donnJ’avais donné (I had given)é (I had given)

Tu avais Tu avais donndonné (you had given)é (you had given)

Il/elle avait Il/elle avait donndonné (he/she had given)é (he/she had given)

Nous avions Nous avions donndonné (we had given)é (we had given)

Vous aviez Vous aviez donndonné (you had given)é (you had given)

Ils/elles avaient Ils/elles avaient donndonné (they had given)é (they had given)

N.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariableN.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariable

La FormationLa FormationLLes verbes en es verbes en -ir-ir

Verbes en –ir: Verbes en –ir: to form the past to form the past participle, drop the participle, drop the –ir –ir of the of the infinitive and add “infinitive and add “i”i”

Example: Partir = Example: Partir =

Past participle: ____________________Past participle: ____________________

Auxiliary verb: ____________________Auxiliary verb: ____________________

FinirFinir

Partir = to leavePartir = to leave Past Participle = partiPast Participle = parti Auxiliary Verb = êtreAuxiliary Verb = être

Conjugate the verb Conjugate the verb partir partir in the in the

plus-que-parfait!plus-que-parfait!

Partir Partir

J’étais parti(e)J’étais parti(e) (I had left) (I had left)

Tu étais parti(e) (you had left)Tu étais parti(e) (you had left)

Il/elle était Il/elle était parti(e)parti(e) (he/she had left) (he/she had left)

Nous étions parti(e)(s)Nous étions parti(e)(s) (we had left)(we had left)

Vous étiez parti(e)(s) (you had left)Vous étiez parti(e)(s) (you had left)

Ils/elles étaient parti(e)(s)Ils/elles étaient parti(e)(s) (they had left)(they had left)

N.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariableN.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariable

La FormationLa FormationLLes verbes en es verbes en -re-re

Verbes en –re: Verbes en –re: to form the past to form the past participle, drop the participle, drop the –re –re of the of the infinitive and add “infinitive and add “u”u”

Example: Rendre = Example: Rendre =

Past participle: ____________________Past participle: ____________________

Auxiliary verb: ____________________Auxiliary verb: ____________________

RendreRendre

Rendre = to give backRendre = to give back Past Participle = renduPast Participle = rendu Auxiliary Verb = avoirAuxiliary Verb = avoir

Conjugate the verb Conjugate the verb rendre rendre in the in the

plus-que-parfait!plus-que-parfait!

Rendre Rendre

J’avais renduJ’avais rendu (I had given back) (I had given back)Tu avais Tu avais rendurendu (you had given back) (you had given back)

Il/elle avait Il/elle avait rendurendu (he/she had given back) (he/she had given back)Nous avions Nous avions rendu rendu (we had given back)(we had given back)Vous aviez Vous aviez rendurendu (you had given back) (you had given back)Ils/elles avaient Ils/elles avaient rendu rendu (they had given (they had given

back)back)

N.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariableN.B. Avoir is conjugated; the participle is invariable

L’accord du Participe PasséL’accord du Participe Passé

N’oubliez pas les régles de l’accord!N’oubliez pas les régles de l’accord!

Le Conditionnel PasséLe Conditionnel Passé

Les EmploisLes Emplois

Use to indicate what Use to indicate what would have happenedwould have happened if if circumstances had been different (si + plus-que-circumstances had been different (si + plus-que-parfait). NOTE this is a hypothetical situation & parfait). NOTE this is a hypothetical situation & either clause can begin the sentence:either clause can begin the sentence:

SiSi mon p mon portable ortable ne s’était pas planténe s’était pas planté hier soir hier soir (hypothetical situation), je l’(hypothetical situation), je l’aurais apportéaurais apporté pour toi ce pour toi ce matin (result).matin (result).

IfIf my laptop hadn’t crashed last night, I my laptop hadn’t crashed last night, I would have would have broughtbrought it for you this morning. it for you this morning.

Les EmploisLes Emplois

Use with Use with devoir, pouvoir,devoir, pouvoir, and and vouloir vouloir to to describe an action that people describe an action that people should should have, could have, have, could have, or or would have liked to would have liked to have have done but didn’t:done but didn’t:

Bruno Bruno aurait vouluaurait voulu accompagner Camille accompagner Camille dans les Cdans les Céévennes, mais il ne l’a pas fait.vennes, mais il ne l’a pas fait.• Bruno would have liked to accompany Camille to Bruno would have liked to accompany Camille to

the Cevennes region, but he didn’t.the Cevennes region, but he didn’t.

Les EmploisLes Emplois

Use to report unverified facts, especially in Use to report unverified facts, especially in the media:the media:

Deux hDeux hélicoptèresélicoptères auraient auraient été abattusété abattus hier. hier. Six soldats Six soldats auraient auraient étéété légèrement blessés. légèrement blessés. Un autre Un autre se serait cassése serait cassé le bras. le bras.

It has been reported that two helicopters were It has been reported that two helicopters were brought down yesterday. Apparently, six brought down yesterday. Apparently, six soldiers were slightly injured. Another is said to soldiers were slightly injured. Another is said to have broken his arm.have broken his arm.

FormationFormation

• Combine the helping verb in the Combine the helping verb in the conditional tense with the past participle of conditional tense with the past participle of the main verb.the main verb.

• Use the same rules for agreement as Use the same rules for agreement as passpassé composé.é composé.

étudier aller s’habiller

je (j’) aurais étudié

serais allé(e) me serais habillé(e)

tu aurais étudié

serais allé(e) te serais habillé(e)

il/elle/

onaurait étudié

serait allé(e) se serait habillé(e)

nous aurions étudié

serions allé(e)s nous serions habillé(e)s

vous auriez étudié

seriez allé(e)(s) vous seriez habillé(e)(s)

ils/elles auraient étudié

seraient allé(e)s se seraient habillé(e)s

1. Tu 1. Tu (parler)(parler) 2. Elle (tomber)2. Elle (tomber) 3. Nous (venir)3. Nous (venir) 4. Je (finir)4. Je (finir) 5. Ils (attendre)5. Ils (attendre) 6. Vous (mourir) (group)6. Vous (mourir) (group) 7. Elles (descendre)7. Elles (descendre) 8. Tu (boire)8. Tu (boire) 9. Je (faire)9. Je (faire) 10. Vous (voir)10. Vous (voir) 11. Elle (entrer)11. Elle (entrer) 12. Nous (naître)12. Nous (naître) 13. Tu (lire)13. Tu (lire)