Short Story Notes (Structure, Purpose, Setting, Plot, Conflict & Characterization)
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SHORT STORIESSTRUCTURE, PURPOSE, SETTING, CONFLICT & CHARACTERIZATION
Nordonia High SchoolEnglish 9 CP
Presented by Mrs. TolinMrs. Smith
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PLOT
It is an necessary element for any type of story.
Without a good plot line, you have nothing . . .
The most basic arrangement of events
PLOT IS THE LITERARY ELEMENT THAT DESCRIBES THE STRUCTURE OF THE STORY.
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TYPES OF LINEAR PLOTS CHRONOLOGICAL
FLASHBACK
IN MEDIA RES (in the middle)
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PLOT STRU
CTURE 5 MAIN PARTS TO THE PLOT STRUCTURE
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PLOT STRUCTURE
Exposition:setting, characters & basic plot: the situation before the action starts
Conflict: Main problem of a story. Four main types: man vs. man, man vs. self, man vs. nature, man vs. society
Rising Action: All of the events that lead up to the climax, the series of crisis in the story
Climax: the highest point of interest, the most intense moment; the character makes a decision that cannot be reversed
Falling Action: All of the action which follows the climax
Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads
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THE PURPOSE OF THE SHORT STORY
Demonstrate a universal truth
Emphasize a character trait
Accentuate a mood or feeling
Recreate a scene
Teach a moral lesson Entertain Challenge the reader’s
intellect Answers the question
“what’s the point of stories that aren’t even true?”
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The Setting of a Short StoryThe Environment in which a story takes place
Includes both TIME & PLACE
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HOW SETTING FUNCTIONS IN A STORY
PROVIDES A BACKDROP FOR THE ACTION IN A STORY
ESTABLISHES ATMOSPHERE (SETS THE MOOD)
SHAPES CHARACTER & ACTION
REFLECTS CHARACTER PSYCHOLOGY
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HO
W AU
THO
RS CREATE SETTIN
G
Example: using real cities or street names; describing a place as realistically as possible
Example: smell of cookies during winter break; swimming in cold lake water
DETAILS: BUILD DESCRIPTION WITH REALISTIC DETAILS TO MAKE IT BELIEVABLE
SENSE IMAGES: APPEAL TO SENSES, WHICH HELPS READER RELATE TO PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
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QUESTIONS I SHOULD ASK WHILE READING
WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL BACKDROP? DOES IT CREATE ATMOSPHERE/ SHAPE CHARACTERS’ ACTIONS/REFLECT INNER THOUGHTS?
WHAT TECHNIQUES DID THE AUTHOR USE?
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Conflicts & Short StoriesThe central source of tension and drama that makes a story interesting to read and gives it purpose
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CATEGO
RIES OF CO
NFLICT
Character vs. Character
› Conflict between 2 people or 2 groups of people
› Examples: family troubles, bullies or romantic trouble
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CATEGO
RIES OF CO
NFLICT
Character vs. Society
› Between individual and larger groups
› Examples: outsider in a strange culture, a struggle to “make it” in the world
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CATEGORIES OF CONFLICT
Character vs. Nature› Individual and the
natural world
› Examples: Fighting a force of nature
› Surviving a plane crash in the desert
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CATEGO
RIES OF CO
NFLICT
Character vs. Self› Psychological conflicts
within a person
› Examples: Overcoming a drug habit
› Grieving over loss of loved one
› Making a moral decision
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READING STRATEGIES:
Story Problem
› Try to state the problem in one sentence
Elements of plot
› Include both the conflict and the climax
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CHARACTERIZATIONThe methods a writer uses to
communicate information about characters to readers
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Techniques of Characterization
DIRECT: The author tells the readers details about the character directly› Even though she was the youngest, Sarah
was the smartest of all three sisters
INDIRECT: The author shows the character in action and lets readers make their own interpretations› At report card time, Sarah received an A in
all subjects, unlike her sisters.
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AUTH
OR’S
CHARACTERIZATIO
N TO
OLS
Character’s Name Physical Appearance How the character is
dressed Occupation Home & Surroundings Habit’s and Actions What other characters
say about him or her
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Understanding Character Defined by the qualities that make them think, act
and feel in certain ways.
› Values: What people, places or things are most important in the character’s life? What does he or she value most?
› Feelings: What Emotions does the character feel most strongly?
› Goals: What are the character’s greatest hopes? What are they working to accomplish?
› Problems: What other characters or circumstances are keeping the character from achieving his goals?