Queens, New York

Summary of Andrea’s Chapter

Born in New York and lived there for 4 years until she moved to Arizona with her family.

She has one brother and one sister alongside her dog Lola. She did pageants growing up which broke her out of her shell

and soon after realized her passion for acting. Her family/parents are from Europe and visits there almost

every summer.

Andrea’s ImportanceShe is important because of her unconditional love for her

family and friends and believes she serves a purpose in this world, but is still unsure of what that purpose will be.

2 Major Events in Her Life When she moved across the country and began a fresh

start in a new place. Pageants because they completely changed her

personality and outlook on the world.

2 Positive Events The days both her younger siblings were born.

The day she went to go see a musical on Broadway in New York.

From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River Valley Civilizations

Summary First known activity of humans was stone tool making and with that, they hunted/ foraged for

food since they knew no other way. The Agricultural Revolution led to the knowledge of the domestication of animals which proved

to be less problematic and opened up the ability to trade. The first civilizations (Egypt, Indus Valley and Mesopotamia) established in the Middle East

were so desiccate which forced them to find new ways to maintain their crops, such as irrigation.

The cultures looked up to deities and associated them with many natural occurrences within their communities.

Their hierarchy frolicked in wealth and built monuments and palaces in their honor of remembrance.

Hammurabi

The Babylonian leader was very important due to his famous Law Code. Hammurabi’s Code depicts the earliest form of the idea that the accused are innocent until proven guilty. His extremely

harsh punishments were to be used on those convicted of a crime in order to repay the damage done.

Major Events That Affected the Region

The Indus people were more focused on metal than jewelry and proved to be very skilled in that area as well.

Their skilled artisans built remarkable buildings of mud bricks, which proved to be a great foundation.

Positives/Negatives

The Indus Valley was later left dry due to the breakdown of crucial systems in their society. The society thrived on the wetter conditions which was favorable for agriculture and

prosperity.

New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Early China

Summary

Civilizations in Eurasia differed greatly from those in the Americas mainly because of their geographical distance from each other and from that, their ways of life changed.

Nubia and Early China had a greater advantage because their land provided them with animals that they could domesticate for their personal gain unlike in the Americas.

Early China was ruled by the Shang Dynasty which was later overthrown by the Zhou dynasty.

Nubia’s women played a huge role in their government and were able to rule their region.

The Americas had the advantage of setting near a coast which allowed them to trade and increase their status ranking.

Confucius

A Chinese philosopher who greatly impacted Chinese culture. His influence of Confucianism

showed the people of early China the difference between reality and fantasy as well as drawing parallel between family and state. His optimism

proved to be successful when it came to the realization that human benevolence is the sole foundation for a good government. His ideas

later became widely known and accepted but unfortunately had no action during his time.

Major Events that Affected the Region

They accepted the philosophy of Daoism which changed the way the people would view violence as a whole, and were urged to follow the path of nature.

The Shang King was defeated in the 11th Century B.C.E. by the Zhou ,which changed the society for the better and added new elements of ideology and technology.

Positives/Negatives

Before participating in any act of violence such as war, the people would perform sacrifice rituals to their Gods and ancestors for approval.

The terms yin and yang were used to show a balance between men and women and the privileges they were given. However, men were still seen superior to women and

were given more opportunities to do as they pleased.

Summary

The cultural and political aspects of Mesopotamia spread throughout western Asia.

Egypt fell under the rule of the Hyksos who introduced new ways to the region and dominated over their land. This later proved to make the Egyptian much

stronger than before. The Minoans and Mycenaean had the benefit of the sea in which they could sail

and trade/ travel. The Assyrians used the tactic of mass deportation on foreigners and

reportedly millions were relocated. The Israelites created the beliefs and values of Christianity and Judaism.

Hatshepsut

Preferred to be portrayed and viewed as a man, Hatshepsut was the one of the longest reigning female rulers. While she was very successful, after her death,

her existence was defaced due to the fact that she was a woman ruler.

Major Events that Affected the Region

The King of the Empire was the center of the region and the people worshipped him as if he was God.

They used terror tactics in order to keep their people in line and obedient to the rules or else they would be severely punished.

Positives/Negatives

They used iron weapons when fighting and developed various ways to become better than the opponent with their skills/advanced technology.

The scholars proved to be very involved in their studies of the universe and science as well as finding ways to cure diseases or pain.

The Mediterranean and Middle East