Shipping is a global source of emissions

download Shipping  is a  global source  of  emissions

If you can't read please download the document

description

Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication. Tapani Stipa , Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto , Jari Walden ( Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli ( University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Shipping is a global source of emissions

Slide 1

Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shippingEffects on air quality and marine eutrophicationTapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto, Jari Walden (Finnish Meterological Institute)Juha Kalli (University of Turku)Anders Brink (bo Akademi University)1Shipping is a global source of emissionsShipping enjoys long-standing freedoms of the high seasEmissions from ships are difficult to measurePrevious estimates were based on bunker used and estimated ship routesUpdates every 5-10 yearsEmissions hardly regulated (until 2005 at least)2

Goals (Emission inventory)

AIS informationRevised emission factors3Live emissions

4Figure 1: Traffic density plot of the Baltic Sea. The unit of the graph is an average number of ships/15 minute time intervals.

Distribution of annual NOx emission

5Figure 6. Predicted annual sum of NOx emission (as NO2) due to Baltic Sea shipping in 2007. Emissions are given as tons/grid cell. The grid resolution is 0.08 degrees (~9km by 9km, rotated lon/lat grid). Values over 500 tons/cell (6.3 g m-2) can easily occur on the heavily-frequented fairways of the southern Baltic Sea and between Sweden and Denmark.

Verification of emission estimatesfuel consumption estimate

6Wind waves and fuel consumption by hour

7NOx deposition (mgN/m2) due to shipping

8Figure 12: Annual NOx deposition caused by ship emissions (mgN/m2) calculated as the difference between the modelled deposition with and without the NOx emissions from shipping in the period 1.3.2006-28.2.2007.

Percentage of monthly NOx deposition due to ship emissions

January 2007July 20069Figure 14: Percentage of monthly NOx deposition to the Baltic Sea caused by ship emissions (left: January 2007, right: July 2006) calculated as the difference between the modeled deposition with and without the NOx emissions from shipping.

Emission measurements10measurement station in AegnaMesurement frequency: 10 min discontinuous periodsMeasure-ment cabin6 m7 m10,65 m -Windspeed - Temperature- Wind direction and speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx -Wind speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx 11Measured data; example, 9h period 29.7.2007

12Shipping is a potential contributor to marine eutrophication

Thought experiment:A months worth of shipping emissions would increase the nitrogen level in the sea within 10 km of the shipping lane significantly. The increase is comparable to about 5-20% of winter nutrient concentrations.13Figure 15: The surface (0-10 m) nitrate concentration in the Baltic Sea on July 20, 2006, as seen by the operational ecosystem model of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR). On top of the background concentrations, the emission from shipping is accumulated for one month and mixed into top 10 meters of the water column over the emission calculation grid cells (9*9 km).

Scenario with 5.2% growth

14Figure 18. Scenarios with the traffic growth of 5.2%.

15ConclusionsIn the Baltic region, ship emissions account for up to 50% of the Nox depositionBaltic shipping creates more SOx emissions than Nordic countries (FI, SE, NO, DK) together from land-based sourcesMuch policy-level activity both in the Baltic and internationallyShould WMO liaise more closely with IMO to promote the study of shipping emissions and their effects?

16Thank you!

[Quiz: where is the above picture taken from?]17