Ship Propulsion SystemsShip Propulsion Systems

STEAMSTEAM

DIESELDIESEL

OTHEROTHER

ConventionalConventional

NuclearNuclear

Slow SpeedSlow Speed

Medium SpeedMedium Speed

Gas TurbineGas Turbine

Combined CycleCombined Cycle

STEAM PROPULSIONSTEAM PROPULSION

Main Steam CycleMain Steam Cycle

Generation segmentGeneration segment

Expansion segmentExpansion segment

Condensate segmentCondensate segment

Feedwater segmentFeedwater segment

WH

H

WH

WH

Main Steam CycleMain Steam CycleGENERATION EXPANSION

CONDENSATEFEEDWATER

HP liquid HP liquid HP vapor HP vapor

Superheat HP vaporSuperheat HP vapor HP vapor HP vapor LP vapor LP vapor

Thermal Thermal Mechanical Mechanical

LP vapor LP vapor LP liquid LP liquid

Begin raising Temp & Begin raising Temp & PressPress

LP liquid LP liquid HP liquid HP liquid

continue raising continue raising Temp & PressTemp & Press

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP

CONDFWTR

Saturated vapor:600 psig; 490oFBOILER

SUPERHEATER

Superheated vapor:590 psig; 880oF

Aux steam

TG steam

MAIN STM

HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust StmSaturated vapor:28.5”Hg; 92oF

MAIN CONDENSER

Saturated liquid:28.5”Hg; 92oF

Main Condensate PumpMain Feed

Pump

HP Heaters

LP Heaters

90oFDC HTR

50 psig

650 - 750 psig

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP

CONDFWTR

HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN CONDENSER

Main Condensate PumpMain Feed

Pump

HP Heaters

LP Heaters

DC HTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATER

Aux steam

TG steam

MAIN STMGEN

DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)

FURNACE

FURNACE

AIRFUEL

DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)

GENERATING TUBES

WATER-WALL TUBES

WATERDRUM

STEAMDRUM

DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)

DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES IV)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES IV)

MAIN STEAM STOP VALVE

TG STEAM STOP VALVE

AUX STEAM STOP VALVE

SU

PER

HEA

TER

SA

FETY V

ALV

E

SU

PER

HEA

TER

VEN

T V

ALV

E

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP

CONDFWTR

MAIN CONDENSER

Main Condensate PumpMain Feed

Pump

HP Heaters

LP Heaters

DC HTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATER

Aux steam

TG steam HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN STMGEN

Axial Flow TurbineAxial Flow Turbine

Stm. VELOCITY

Stm. PRESSURE

3 Stage, Impulse Turbine3 Stage, Impulse Turbine

Nozzles are stationary, fixed in a nozzle diaphragm attached to the turbine casing

Blades move, fitting in a wheel attached to the rotor shaft

A Stage consists of a set of nozzles & a set of blades

NOZZEL DIAPHRAGMS

BLADE WHEELS

HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN STM

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP

COND

MAIN CONDENSER

Main Condensate Pump

LP HeatersFWTR

Main Feed Pump

HP HeatersDC HTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATERGEN

Aux steam

TG steam

LP Turbine Casing

HP Turbine Casing

X-over

Steam Chest

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm Cycle

HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN STM EXP

TSES arrangement

AHEAD STEAM

ASTERN STEAM

TSES VI HP TurbineTSES VI HP Turbine9 impulse stages9 impulse stages

STEAM CHEST

CROSS - OVERTo LP Turbine

HP BLEED6th Stage Extraction

IP BLEEDcross-over Extraction

TSES VI LP TurbineTSES VI LP Turbine4 impulse, 1 Transition, & 4 impulse, 1 Transition, & 4 reaction stages4 reaction stages

Astern TurbineAstern Turbine1 Curtiss & 1 Impulse 1 Curtiss & 1 Impulse stagestage

CR

OS

S -

OV

ER

Fro

m H

P T

urb

ine

LP BLEED

ASTERN STEAM

EXHAUST TRUNKTo Main Condenser

AHEAD ROTATION

ASTERN ROTATION

Determining Sea Speed –Determining Sea Speed – nozzle control valvesnozzle control valves

LP Turbine Casing

HP Turbine Casing

X-over

Steam Chest

Nozzle Control Valves

Sea Speed – long duration (e.g., port to port) as opposed to maneuvering

Throttle at fixed position (usually wide open)

Nozzle C.V. opens a chamber to a set number of 1st stage nozzles

Number of nozzles open corresponds to a particular engine RPM and hence sea speed9

14

124

11stst Stage Nozzle Control Valves Stage Nozzle Control Valves

9

12

4 + 9 = 13

14

Maneuvering –Maneuvering – Ahead & Astern ThrottlesAhead & Astern Throttles

LP Turbine Casing

HP Turbine Casing

X-over

AHEAD THROTTLE

ASTERN THROTTLE

ASTERN GUARDIAN VALVE

Fixed Number of Nozzles

Maneuvering –Maneuvering – Ahead & Astern ThrottlesAhead & Astern Throttles

LP Turbine Casing

HP Turbine Casing

X-over

AHEAD THROTTLE

ASTERN THROTTLE

ASTERN GUARDIAN VALVE

Fixed Number of Nozzles

Main Feed Pump

HP Heaters

HP

LP

MAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN STM

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP

CONDFWTR

Aux steam

TG steam

BOILER

SUPERHEATERGEN

MAIN CONDENSER

Main Condensate Pump

LP Heaters

DC HTR

(Shell & Tube) HEAT EXCHANGER(Shell & Tube) HEAT EXCHANGER

FLUID 1 gives up heat

FLUID 2 absorbs heat from FLUID 1

Either 1 or 2 may be the PRIMARY FLUID

Either fluid may be inside or outside tubes, but there is no direct contact

COOLCOLD

HOT

WARM

FLUID 2

FLUID 1

HEATER:HEATER: Primary fluid does not change phase, but Primary fluid does not change phase, but increases in temperature (sensible heat)increases in temperature (sensible heat)– Example: Fuel Oil Example: Fuel Oil HeaterHeater

COOLER:COOLER: Primary fluid does not change phase, Primary fluid does not change phase, but decreases in temperature (sensible heat)but decreases in temperature (sensible heat)– Example: Lube Oil Example: Lube Oil CoolerCooler

EVAPORATOR:EVAPORATOR: Primary fluid changes from liquid Primary fluid changes from liquid to vapor (absorbs latent heat)to vapor (absorbs latent heat)

CONDENSER:CONDENSER: Primary fluid changes from vapor to Primary fluid changes from vapor to liquid (gives up latent heat)liquid (gives up latent heat)

(Shell & Tube) HEAT EVCHANGER(Shell & Tube) HEAT EVCHANGER

MAIN CONDENSERMAIN CONDENSER

MAIN CIRCULATING

PUMP

MAIN CONDENSATE

PUMP

S.W. ovbd

Air drag line

To AIR EJECTOR

MAIN AIR MAIN AIR EJECTOREJECTOR

CONDENSATE to 1st stage

heater

CONDENSATE from Main

Cond. Pump

JET PUMP (1st Stage)

AUX STEAM (150 psig)

AIR (VACUUM) DRAG LINE

Return to CONDENSER via LOOP SEAL

JET PUMP (2ndt Stage)

Drain to ADT

AIR VENT

INTER- CONDENSER

10–15 “Hg (VAC)0

AFTER- CONDENSER

~ 1 Atm

11stst STAGE STAGE HEATERHEATER

CONDENSATE from AIR EJECTOR

CONDENSATE to DC HEATER

LP Turbine Bleed

(actual) 1st STAGE HEATER

(1st STAGE) DRAIN COOLER

3 Heat Exchangers3 Heat Exchangers in one casingin one casing

GLAND EXHAUST

COND

DCDC (Direct Contact) (Direct Contact) HeaterHeater

Condensate from

1st STG HTR

Auxiliary Exhaust Steam

FEEDWATER approx.

15 psig; 250oF

To FEED PUMP SUCTION

Scrubbing action of steam Scrubbing action of steam removes dissolved Oremoves dissolved O22 from from

condensatecondensate

DC Heater also called DC Heater also called Dearation Feed Tank (Dearation Feed Tank (DFTDFT))

Acts as surge tank in Acts as surge tank in system (accommodates system (accommodates surplus or deficit of surplus or deficit of working fluid)working fluid)

Located high in machinery Located high in machinery space, provides positive head space, provides positive head to Feed Pumpto Feed Pump

MAIN FEED PUMP(S)MAIN FEED PUMP(S)

TURBINE

EXH VALVE

STEAM SUPP LY VALVE

DISCH MAIN FEED

DISCH AUX FEED

SUCT VALVE

PORT BLR

PORT BLR

STBD BLR

STBD BLR

PUMP

From DC HTR

Recirc to DC HTR

AUX EXHAUST to DC HTR

almost there ….almost there ….

(Port Boiler)ECONOMIZER

Stop/ Check V.

MAIN FEED

AUX. FEED

Stop Valve

To Stm Drum

FW Reg. Valve

Economizer location….Economizer location….

FWTR

Main Feed Pump

ECONOMIZER

DC HTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATER

Aux steam

TG steam

GENMn Steam

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP

CONDFWTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATER

Aux steam

TG steam

MAIN STM

HP

LPMAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

MAIN CONDENSER

AE

Main Condensate PumpMain Feed

Pump

Economizer

DC HTR

1st

VAPOR

LIQUID

885oF

90oF

Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP

CONDFWTR

BOILER

SUPERHEATER

Aux steam

TG steam

MAIN STM

HP

LPMAIN ENGINE

Exhaust Stm

600 psig

MAIN CONDENSER

AE

Main Condensate PumpMain Feed

Pump

Economizer

DC HTR650 - 750 psig

50 psig

15 psig

1st

28.5 “Hg

585 psig

40 psig

92oF

490oF

120oF

585 psig

240oF

160oF

380oF