Ship Emission Inventories Chris Whall & Andriana Stavrakaki.
-
Upload
sarah-grant -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
5
Transcript of Ship Emission Inventories Chris Whall & Andriana Stavrakaki.
Ship Emission Inventories
Chris Whall&
Andriana Stavrakaki
2
Introduction
Introduction
Entec's Approach
Data Sources
Uncertainties
Enhancements
3
IntroductionThe Scale of the Issue
SO2
NOX
PM VOCs
CO2
4
IntroductionShip Emissions - Entec's Involvement
IMO
European Commission
DEFRA
Norwegian Ministry
CONCAWE
5
Introduction Entec's Involvement - Objectives
Quantification
Geographical Distribution
Assignment / Allocation
Policy Scenarios
Link to Impact Assessment
6
Overall Approach
Activity Based– Bottom-Up Approach
Top-Down Approach– Smaller Vessels– Fishing Vessels
7
Overall Approach
EMEP Domain – 50 x 50 km– 10 x 10 km enhancement– 5 x 5 km enhancement
8
Overall Approach
RoutesIn 50x50 grid
cells
MovesProvided by
LMIU database
Distance (km) Travelled by
Vessels at Sea
Speed (km/h)of vessel per
Vessel Type or Time in Port
VesselsPower of ME and AE engines (kW)
Energy (kWh) Output by Vessels
Emission factors (g/kWh)
by Vessel Type
Emissions (g) By grid cells
Load FactorsME & AE engines Load factor and Operational time
Effective kWPower of ME and
AE engines
9
Overall Approach Route Network
GIS Based Methodology
Routes a Combination of– Shortest Straight Line Route
(Avoiding Land)– BP Marine Distance Tables
& Routes
10
Data Sources
LMIU Movements Database
Port Data
Characteristics Database
Emission Factors
11
Data Sources Movements Database
Provided by Lloyd's Marine Intelligence Unit (LMIU)– Port-based Lloyd's Agency Network
– "aims to cover all merchant vessels over 100gt engaged in international trade"
– 46,000 Merchant Vessels, Over 6000 Ports
IMO Number
Vessel Type
Flag
Port/Place details including: – Port Name, Country, Latitude/Longitude, Arrival/Departure Port,
Arrival/Departure Dates or Estimates and where available, Arrival/Departure Times or Estimates
12
Data Sources Characteristics Database
Provided by LMIU / Lloyds Register Fairplay (LRF)Vessel Characteristics
– IMO Number– Vessel Type– Service Speed– GT / DwT– Fuel Types– Fuel Consumption
Engine Characteristics– Main Engine (ME) / Auxiliary Engine (AE)– Engine Speed (RPM)– kW for Each Engine
13
Data Sources Managing Incomplete Data
LMIU Movements Data– Timetables – Time in port– Time of Arrival & Departure– Automatic Identification
(AIS) Network (Passenger)
Characteristics Data– Need as a Minimum kW ME
and AE– Assumptions and Vessel
Profiling to Account for Missing Data
– Fuel Type – Auxiliary Engine Details
Lacking
y = 47.115x0.504
R2 = 0.6755
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000
Gross Tonnage
Tota
l ME
Powe
r (kW
)
Vessels with data
Calculated values
14
Data Sources Emission Factors
Originally Developed by IVL– Based on Monitoring Data and Literature Survey– Presented as 15 Engine Type / Fuel Type Combinations– At Sea / Manoeuvring / At Berth
– NOX / SO2 / CO2 / HC / PM
– Load factors for ME and AE operation– Updated for Policy Scenarios and Future Years
15
Areas of Uncertainty
Uncertainty at all Stages– Movements
Resolution of Database Accuracy of Route Network
– Characteristics Fuel Type, Sulphur Content & Use Engine Type (RPM) Installed Power Service Speed
– Emission Factors– Load Factors– Future Growth in Movements
16
Possible Refinements
Movements– Improve Port Time Estimates – LMIU Database– Use of AIS Data– Enhance Accuracy of the Shipping Routes
Vessel characteristics– Improvements in Data Capture for Characteristics
Assumptions– Reduce the Number of Assumptions– Refine assumptions / Sensitivity analysis
Emission Factors
17
Conclusions
Emissions from ships are significant
Emission inventories inform policy
Entec's approach – Bottom up– Emissions calculated by Engine Type / Engine Speed / Fuel Type
and Movements data
Need to recognise the inherent uncertainties of emission inventories – New Developments Lead to Reduced Uncertainty
18
References
European Commission Directorate General Environment - Quantification of emissions from ships associated with ship movements between ports in the European Community. Report in three parts: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/background.htm#transport
European Commission Directorate General Environment - Service Contract on Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments Task 1 - Preliminary Assignment of Ship Emissions to European Countries http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/task1_asign_report.pdf
European Commission Directorate General Environment - Service Contract on Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments Task 2 - General report on abatement techniques http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/task2_general.pdf
IIASA - Analysis of Policy Measures to Reduce Ship Emissions in the Context of the Revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directivehttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/reports/IR06-107_Ships.pdfhttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/reports/IR06-107-Ships_Appendices.pdf
CONCAWE – Ship Emissions Inventory – Mediterranean Seahttp://www.entecuk.com/downloads/Concawe_Final_Report_170407_v1_WEB_LOWRES.pdf
Ship Emission Inventories
Thank you