May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 1

Ship and Ocean Structures:

Future Trends –

The role of Universities

Preben Terndrup Pedersen

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 2

Congratulations to our two professors:

Odd M. Faltinsen

Marine Hydrodynamics

Torgeir Moan

Marine Structures

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 3

Outline of the Presentation

• Ship and Ocean Structures - Future trends

–Challenges associated with ship structures

• Needed enabling analysis tools

–Structural challenges for offshore structures

• Needed enabling analysis tools

–Future trends and characteristics of maritime structures

• The role of universities within marine technology

–Education

–Research

–Conclusions (related to Odd and Torgeir)

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 4

Ship and Ocean structures are required to exploit our seas.

• The oceans have a huge importance for global exchange of goods. (Ships)

• The oceans and the ocean floors have large reservoirs of raw materials and hydrocarbons. (Offshore Structures)

• The oceans receive 70 % of our primary sustainable energy source, i.e. the radiation from the sun. (Wave & Wind)

• The oceans have large potential for exploration and future cultivation of fish and plankton (Fish Farming)

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Development of ocean going ships

Revolution(s) 1814 – 1914

(Technology push)

• From wood to iron

• From iron to steel

• From sail to steam

• From paddlewheels to propeller

• From steam to diesel (1912)

Evolution 1914 to 2014

(Market pull)

• From art/craftsmanship to science

• Continued optimization

• Specialized ships

• Larger vessels

MS Selandia: Ocean going diesel motor ship 6800 DWT, built by B&W in 1912 to EAC.

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Main driver today: Society Pull

Main focus from the public:

Emissions per unit and

Shipping accidents

A consequence - society pull:

– More severe international and regional requirements

– Non-environmental friendly ships and operations are being punished by port- and coastal states.

– Increased expectations from the public for green supply chains.

Response: Improved efficiency (engine, propeller, hull form, steel-weight, …)

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Size and speed matters for emissions

EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index)

(gCO2 /ton*mile) as function of size for

different speed (IMO regulation)

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 8

New Generation of Container Ships

• 400 metres long, 59 metres Wide, 19 knots, 165.000DWT

• 18,340 containers – 16% more than Emma Mærsk

• 50% CO2-reduction compared to industry average on Asia-Europe trade, 20% less than Emma Mærsk

Tripple E:

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Challenges associated with the design based on first principles of large container ships:

Need to be designed by first principles.

• Ultimate- and fatigue limit states influenced by:

1. Non-linear wave-induced loading.

2. Hull girder flexibility

3. Hydro-elastic effects (Whipping and Springing)

4. Hydrodynamic torsional loads may cause considerable torsional deformations.

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Collision & grounding: Main causes of marine accidents

European Maritime Safety Agency

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Among the most needed enabling analysis tools for future ship designs are: • Hydrodynamic calculation procedures - Wave induced loads,

green water, slamming, sloshing, resistance, propulsion, etc.

• Ultimate strength calculations - Ultimate limit states, stochastic dynamic analysis of extreme load effects

• Fatigue damage prediction procedures – Stochastic loads, corrosive environment.

• Accidental load procedures- Probabilities, consequences, RCOs

• New light weight materials – Composite materials for improved weight/strength relations

• Monitoring systems – Decision support systems

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 12

Structural challenges for offshore structures

Fixed and floating structures: Fluid-structure interaction, slender structures, ice loading, and probabilistic design procedures for ultimate limit states as well as for fatigue limit states.

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Accidental loads: Fire, explosions and ship collisions

Crude oil tanker FR8 Pride collided with jack-up oil rig Rowan EXL-1, Gulf of Mexico

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Among needed enabling analysis tools for offshore structures are as for ships:

• Hydrodynamic calculation procedures – Flow around slender bodies, slamming pressures, marine operations.

• Ultimate strength calculations – Uncertainty analysis, structural reliability, stochastic dynamic analysis of extreme load effects.

• Fatigue damage prediction procedures – Stochastic loads, corrosive environment.

• Accidental load procedures- Probabilities, consequences, RCOs

• New light weight materials – Composite materials for improved weight/strength relations, improved lifetime cost.

• Monitoring structures – Decision support systems, operations.

May 19th 2014 Faltinsen and Moan 15

Future Trends: Climate change poses both risks and opportunities to all parts of the maritime sector. It is natural that the maritime research is strongly focused on safety, reduction of emissions and on new renewable energy sources.

• Shipping in general is the most energy efficient mode of transport. However, due to increasing volumes maritime activities are projected to constitute a significant percentage of the total man made emissions in the future without technological improvements.

• In the next 40 to 50 years we will still need oil and gas and an increasing proportion of the new discoveries will be from offshore drilling in much harsher environments (the artic) than we are accustomed to today.

• The oceans acts as an energy concentrator for all the sustainable energy received from the sun. Thus emphasis will also be devoted to harvest of the offshore wind energy and the wind driven wave energy.

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The roles of universities within marine technology

• Train qualified candidates:

- Shipbuilding was previously an art (Architecture), but today substantially an applied science, where maritime engineers must master a wide range of scientific disciplines.

• Research to create scientific development: - New discoveries and "tools" usually come from universities. Examples are: FEM, CFD, Fracture mechanics, Probabilistic methods, etc.

• Cooperation:

- Universities are often strong on developing analytical tools - But weak in design - Universities need good external contacts in order to select promising research areas.

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Education

Curriculum within maritime technology should:

• Ensure research-based education such that the latest knowledge and expertise are integrated in courses and projects.

• Provide long term sustainable knowledge, i.e. focus on fundamentals.

• Learn students to adopt a constructive and critical approach to research findings.

• Allow students to gain international experience.

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Research (QAR)

• Quality

Research without quality is worthless and a waste of time.

• Ambition

Be ambitious in research goals and continuously identify research areas which have the potential to play an important role in the future.

• Relevance

Value is created through application in the maritime industrial, educational, and public sectors.

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Conclusions

The universities should contribute to the maritime complex by:

Safeguarding academic freedom and scientific independence.

Focus on building the scientific competence.

Training of professional skilled engineers in cooperation with the maritime industries.

Provide long-term scientific research that can offer the basis for innovation in the maritime field.

Be an attractive partner for knowledge building in order to gather and exchange results and expertise.

Acknowledge that graduates are an important source of dissemination and utilization of research results

These goals have been achieved by Odd and Torgeir!

Thank you for your attention