S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew...
Transcript of S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew...
![Page 1: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNRAndrew Brenner & Miles Strain – QSI
![Page 2: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Objective of study• Single Photon
LiDAR (SPL)• Project Area and
Collect Specifications
• MN-DNR LCCMR Forest Inventory Project
• Where SPL plays in the market
Presentation Outline
![Page 3: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Scale of the State’s land portfolio
• The MN-DNR administers 5.4 million acres, 3.7 is forested, and 2.7 is considered in our commercial management pool.
• We classify 47 cover types, 26 are forested cover types, of those, 19 are considered commercially viable, 12 are deciduous, and 7 are conifers.
MN DNR Lands
MN Counties >10% forested
![Page 4: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Costly, yet vital – current costs are between $10 & $12 per acre.Develop a New Methodology for Forest Inventory
Stand based data – photo interpreted with multiple plots per stand.Results in an older inventory of 20+ years.Need to address multiple other natural resource values/benefits
Objectives
![Page 5: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Three year Pilot Project
July 2017 – June 2019
Acquire high density Single
Photon LiDAR (SPL) Acquired during peak fall color 2017 728,000 acres (~1,135 square miles) >12 pulses per square meter Simultaneous, 4 band 30cm
photography Additional AOI flown with help from
the Superior National forest.
Cass - 628K acres
Lake - 100K acres
Development of Innovative Cost-Saving Methodology for Forest Inventory
![Page 6: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cass County, 432 gridded plots Lake County, 108 Stratified Random plots
1/10 acre fixed radius plots, full stem map, measured >5 in DBH:
Study Area and Field Sampling Design
![Page 7: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Lower-power laser and highly sensitive detection to achieve accurate range measurement
• 100 optical channels respond to each laser shot, achieving 6.0 MHz effective pulse rate
• Originally developed for earth-to-satellite rangefinding
• Became a technology accessible to Leica Geosystems through the acquisition of Sigma Space in 2016
• Lowers cost per acquired data point
Single Photon LiDAR
![Page 8: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Large-area mapping driven by cost per data point
• Dictates high effective pulse rates
• Ability to fly high enough to cover wide swaths, while maintaining high pulse rates
• Current technology has allowed a doubling of pulse rate roughly every two years
• SPL100 breaks pulse rate barriers a 6.0 MHz effective pulse rate
Single Photon LiDAR
Pulse Frequency
Points per second
Number of returns
60 kHz 6 million –100 optical channels
Up to 3 returns per laser shot
![Page 9: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Flew with a Leica RCD 30 – medium format camera– Mn DNR’s program based on peak color
imagery – deciduous species identification– 4 band, 6” gsd
• Flying imagery and LiDAR together– One mobilization– Spectral and structural data together– Need imagery for hydro flattening – Imagery limits LiDAR collection
opportunities– Large format cameras better over large
areas – small weather windows
Imagery System
![Page 10: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Things that went well– High point density– Good ground penetration
• Where there were challenges– Clouds limited acquisition– Hydro flattening a problem– Large amount of data– Use of RCD 30 created processing
challenges – many small frames• Control
– In rural areas – expensive – remote areas– High cost to collect NVA and VVA
accuracy assessment points required for 3DEP compliance
Operational Items
![Page 11: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Grid metrics were produced using FUSION software from the SPL point cloud.
• Grid metrics were used as predictor variables in multiple regression models for estimating a number of response variables measured within our 1/10 acre plots.
Working Towards the inventory
![Page 12: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• 356 plots were located within the forested part of our AOI, and 333 plots were used for model fitting.
• Inventory models were predicted across the study area on 20m grid cells.
• Metrics Include:– Standing Volume – Above Ground Biomass – Basal area weighted height– Basal area– Trees per acre– Site index– Max Height
Working Towards the inventory
![Page 13: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Working Towards the inventory
![Page 14: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Working Towards the inventory
SW+HW
SW HW
![Page 15: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FIA-plot: Single photon LiDAR
FIA field observations All trees <5 inch DBH
FIA-plot: Linear LiDAR
An FIA plot in the overlap area of SPL and linear LIDAR acquisitions in the Lake County, MN
![Page 16: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FIA subplot-2 No. of trees(> 5”): 4 Maximum Ht.: 13.7-mMax DBH: 16.2-cm
FIA subplot-2No. of trees(> 5”): 4 Maximum Ht.: 13.7-mMax DBH: 16.2-cm
SPL Linear
![Page 17: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Linear LiDAR
FIA observed no. of trees: 13; Max ht.: 14.3-m
![Page 18: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Linear LiDAR
![Page 19: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Working Towards the inventory
![Page 20: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• We can use our current stand boundaries to extract the information by domain (stand).
• We are currently working on how to give associated error estimates for each attribute (more on that later)
Working Towards the inventory
![Page 21: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Working Towards the inventory
Attribute SRS-SE % MA-SE % Design Effect
Volume 4.16 2.24 0.26
AGB 4.08 2.15 0.26
Basal Area 3.7 2.4 0.37
TPA 3.4 3.0 0.68
• The forested area of the AOI was estimated at 310,000 acres.
• We made estimates of the different attributes across the study area to compare the model assisted (MA) estimate to the design based estimate (SRS).
• The model assisted estimate had improved precision over the design based estimate, the MA estimate of TPA showed the least improvement over the SRS.
![Page 22: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Future work and improvements• Comparison of post stratification vs pre-
stratification sampling
• Investigating sample size impacts on model parameter estimation.
• Small area variance estimates ( synthetic domain estimators)
• Mixed effects models with plot level random effects to improve precision ( hardwood/ softwood, topographic, etc).
• Developing models to predict age and classifying cover-type (to some degree)
Attribute SRS MatchMA Error
MA MatchSRS Error
Volume 1213 91
AGB 1247 89
Basal Area 885 125
TPA 488 227
![Page 23: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• University of Minnesota investigated data driven stand delineation using object based segmentation.
• Northland Community Technical College also collaborated with us on collecting UAV data across a number of plots within the study area.
Additional Collaborators
![Page 24: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• UMN-Remote Sensing lab conducted object based segmentation to produce “stand” objects.
• Stands were based on a large array of inputs.
• Has been the subject of much debate.
UMN-Object based segmentation(OBS)
![Page 25: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chippewa Superior
Band 1: Time ABand 2: Time BBand 3: Time B UMN
RSGAL
Canopy Height Change: 2012 - 2017
![Page 26: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Wildfire
Timber Harvests
Wind Blowdown Wind Blowdown
Timber Harvests Wildfire
Ortho-imagery Multi-date CHM
Ortho-imagery Multi-date CHMOrtho-imagery Multi-date CHM
UMN RSGAL
Canopy Height Change: 2012 - 2017
![Page 27: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Wind Blowdown
Timber Harvests
Wind Blowdown
Pike Bay
UMN RSGAL
Canopy Height Change: 2012 - 2017
![Page 28: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Red = can only be satisfied by linear-mode systems
• Blue = can be satisfied single-photon technology
• Purple = can be satisfied by either system, but…… may not be the best use of capital for SPL technology
A way to think about how touse different technologies…
10,000 square miles
![Page 29: S.Hillard, R.Deo, J.Corcoran, D.Kepler – MN DNR Andrew ...forestlidar.org/added_files/2019_oli/Scott Hillard Andrew Brenner MN... · Andrew Brenner, QSI abrenner@quantumspatial.com.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071213/603c5857bac6af5ede345308/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Acknowledgements
UMN RSGAL