IMES CONSORTIUM

Emergency Position Notification System has been started its operation in Japan from April 2007, and GPS receivers are equipped to 3rd generation cellular phones. Such trends are making a new stream of positioning information service changed from car to human/object.

By realizing information terminals such as smart phones, which can receive IMES signal, such terminals may utilize both positioning signals from original GPS as well as those from Quasi-Zenith Satellite, named “Michibiki” launched by JAXA, at outdoor environment and Positioning data by IMES at indoor. IMES is the technology realized through cooperation with United States GPS program in the framework of GPS Consultation between U.S. and Japanese Government.

IMES Consortium mainly aims for broader utilization and growth of Japanese oriented IMES technology and for providing opportunities to exchange information to realize new business development, and continuously make efforts on realizing “sustainable, safe and seamless positioning environment”, where not only social infrastructure for “safety and security” but various types of business related to positioning could be created. At the same time, it aims for broader deployment of IMES through activities of international standardization.

Major activities of IMES Consortium for the time being are as follows: - Public relations for broader range deployment and growth of IMES - Suggestion and advice on standardization of IMES specifications - Guidelines for utilization and installation of IMES - Internationalization activities of IMES

Established on June 23, 2011 Consort iumConsort iumConsort ium

Head Naohiko KohtakeDirector Makoto Ishii

Minoru SaitoAkihisa ToyookaHiroshi NishiguchiMasaaki HayashiKenjiro FujiiHiroaki Maeda

Inspector Hitoshi KondoSatoshi Sugawara

Secretary General Susumu YoshitomiSupervisor Prof. Jun Murai

Prof. Ryosuke ShibasakiProf. Saburo SaitoProf. Takaaki Hasegawa

MEMORIAL SYMPOSIUM

IMES CONSORTIUM ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING

© IMES Consortium

IMES Concept Are you looking for a solution for the seamless positioning? How many hours do you spend indoor during

your dairy life? Most people spend thier life much longer time indoor Most people spend thier life much longer time indoor

than outdoorthan outdoor

Growing smart phone and LBS market require seamless positioning

at any condition

at any location

at any time

Indoor MEssaging System (IMES) is a powerful

solution for realization of seamless positioning.

1

RF Characteristics – Same as GPS C/A signal

Signal specification for IMES

The power of transmitter is less than defined figure as Japanese radio regulation

(-94.35dBW) . set value NOT over specified MAX receiving power strength

at the user anntena input.

RF Centre Frequency 1575.42MHz +/- 8.2KHz

PRN Code Rate 1.023MHz

PRN Code Length 1ms

PRN ID 173 – 182

Navigation Message Rate 50bps

Modulation BPSK

Polarization RHCP

RF Centre Frequency 1575.42MHz +/- 8.2KHz

PRN Code Rate 1.023MHz

PRN Code Length 1ms

PRN ID 173 – 182

Navigation Message Rate 50bps

Modulation BPSK

Polarization RHCP

GPS

GPS

Outdoor Positioning

Seamless Positioning

IMES Tx.

Need more than 4 pseudorange

measurements for Position

computation

One transmitter send position

and/or ID

Just read message, don’t

need pseudorange

measurement

GPS embedded

Cell PhoneServer

Com line

Local server connection

Various info. related to users position and attribution

Indoor Positioning

Same handset can be

used for both Indoor and

outdoor locations.

Seamless positioning between Indoor and outdoor with common GPS chipset

Concept of IMES IMES can transmit its position in three

dimensions and/or ID directly No pseudorange measurement and time synchronization.

Moderate accuracy (10-20m), but stable even in deep indoor. Signal reception area equals to position accuracy.

Signal is still compatible and interoperable with GPS/QZSS signal for seamless positioning The same GNSS chipset can acquire signals from

satellites as well as IMES Tx without serious modifications on existing chipset software. (No change on H/W design)

Target users are cell-phone, smart-phone and handheld receiver with low dynamics.

Applications Location Based Service

Checkin service

Location based Advertisement.

Diserster Mitigation Evacuation support, and effective rescue underground

mall, huge shopping mall complex, departmentstore and so on.

Provide DR reference point for reset INS sensor. Spot IMES trasmitters are installed at revolving doors,

elevator halls, entrance doors into room.LSI Chipdesign (3mmx3mm)

２００６ ２００７ ２００８ ２００９

1st generation

prototype model

２０１０ ２０１１～

Commercial Demonstration

model

Development by GNSS Inc.

1st prototype model

Low cost, Low

power cosumption,

and Light weight

Transmitter Development

2nd generation

prototype model

Development by JAXA

Small wireless module

Development

by Hitachi and

Hitachi-IES Commercial testbed

Message structure of IMES is defined in the annex of IS-QZSS.

Four message types are reserved for future applications

Message #0, Position Data, 3-Word Frame

Same as QZSS and GPS L1C/A message structure,

Four types of IMES messages

are defined currently. #0 and #1; Absolute position

Longitude, Latitude, Floor and/or Hight

Difference is resolution

#3 and #4; position ID #3 for LBS managed by

operators

#4 for local server connection

#0 or #1 and #3+#4 are transmitted flexible sequence

Message #3, Short ID, 1-Word Frame

PRN Code for IMES 10 PRN Codes in 210 C/A codes which the US GPS

maintained its allocation table were assigned for

IMES in November 2007 http://www.losangeles.af.mil/shared/media/document/AF

D-101124-042.pdfPRN SignalNumber

G2 Delay(Chips)

Initial G2Setting (Octal)

First 10 Chips(Octal)

PRNAllocations

Orbital Slot

173 150 1362 415 QZSS – IMES3 Ground174 395 1654 123 QZSS – IMES3 Ground175 345 510 1267 QZSS – IMES3 Ground176 846 242 1535 QZSS – IMES3 Ground177 798 1142 635 QZSS – IMES3 Ground178 992 1017 760 QZSS – IMES3 Ground179 357 1070 707 QZSS – IMES3 Ground180 995 501 1276 QZSS – IMES3 Ground181 877 455 1322 QZSS – IMES3 Ground182 112 1566 211 QZSS – IMES3 Ground183 144 215 1562 QZS1 A1184 476 1003 774 Reserved (QZSS)TBD

NOTE: PRN codes are currently allowed to use only in JAPAN.

Avoiding Interference to GPS

Avoiding Interference to GPS Compatibility with GPS is Vital for IMES

IMES gets real power when it goes together with GPS, broadcasting signals of the same properties as the pioneer of the global navigation satellite system.

IMES has not spared any effort to make sure not to give a harmful interference to GPS.

AirportAirport

DistributionDistribution

MedicalMedical

ShoppingShopping

TrainTrain

OfficeOffice

GPS and IMES - getting together

NAVSTARs

“Open Sky”

“by the Window”

“Deep Indoor”

IMES

Transmitters

Received Signal Strength:

-158.5dBW

(minimum, as specified in IS-GPS) Received Signal Strength:

say, -165dBW

Received Signal Strength:

almost none

Where GPS and IMES meet

IMES will be operated “indoors” including by the window and building entrances. They are where the two positioning systems are expected to work seamlessly.

IMES transmitting power and operating range are specified withinthe extent that the GPS signal is not affected.

Two-Step Measures against Interference

Both measures are stated in the user interface document (IS-QZSS).

IMES transmitter manufacturers and installers are under control of the organization of IMES stakeholders, ”IMES consortium”.

Measure 1

Specifying allowable maximum signal strength both at transmitters and receivers.

According to GPS signal strength environment, different criterion is specified.Measure 2

Shifting the center frequency of IMES carrier wave by +/-8.2kHz from GPS L1.

This measure is the description to raise the safety margin for high sensitivity receivers

Measure 1: Specifying Allowable Maximum Signal Strength

Places where

GPS signal strength>-158.5dBW

† -158.5dBW :”Received Minimum RF Signal Strength” specified in IS-GPS.

Maximum allowable power

at transmitters

GPS signal

Maximum allowable power

at receivers < -140dBW

Places where

GPS signal strength-158.5dBW(“by the Window”)

Maximum allowable power at transmitters< -94.35dBW

Maximum allowable power at receivers < -140dBW

where GPS signal strength

Avoiding Interference to GPS (Demo)

IMESTransmitter

IMESTransmitter

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

HYBHYBHYB

ATTATT

DIVDIVDIV

GPS settings:

Received signal strength : -165dBW

Number of SVs : 4

IMES settings:

Received signal strength : -140dBW

PRN : 173

Examine :

TTFF

C/N0

ifEN NavX-NCS Standard

Spectrum AnalyzerTektronix RSA3408A

R&KPD4S-0725

GPS Received Signal Strength: -165dBW

IMESReceived Signal Strength: -140dBW

u-blox 5

GPS – IMES Compatibility DemonstrationCase 2 : “by the Window”

GPS SourceS12

GNSS Inc.GNS-PL31

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

IMESTransmitter

IMESTransmitter

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

HYBHYBHYB

ATTATT

DIVDIVDIV

GPS settings:

Received signal strength : almost none (-180dBW)

Number of SVs : 2

IMES settings:

Received signal strength : -150dBW

PRN : 173

Examine :

Presence of a false lock (due to cross-correlations)

ifEN NavX-NCS Standard

Spectrum AnalyzerTektronix RSA3408A

R&KPD4S-0725

GPS – IMES Compatibility DemonstrationCase 3 : “Deep Indoor”

GPS SourceS12

GNSS Inc.GNS-PL31

GPS Received Signal Strength: -180dBW

IMESReceived Signal Strength: -150dBW

u-blox 5

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

Control & Management

Further Works Finalization of technical specifications

Shortening of the time to read message

Message data rate change from 50 bps to 250 bps or more

is under investigation.

Switching algorithms between outdoor GNSS tracking and

indoor IMES tracking.

Developing efficient management scheme and

method

Operation procedure for PRN code management

Installation standard/guideline

1

GPS – IMES Compatibility DemonstrationCase 1 : “Open Sky”

GPS Received Signal Strength: -158.5dBW

IMESReceived Signal Strength: -140dBW

ifENNavX-NCS Standard

Spectrum AnalyzerTektronix RSA3408A

GPS SourceS12

GNSS Inc.GNS-PL31

GPS settings:

Received signal strength : -158.5dBW

Number of SVs : 8 to 9 (scenario: starting at 2011/Sep/08 3:00UT, at where we are)

IMES settings:

Received signal strength : -140dBW

PRN : 173

Examine :

TTFF

C/N0

u-blox 5

R&KPD4S-0725

IMESTransmitter

IMESTransmitter

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

GPSSimulator

HYBHYBHYB

ATTATT

DIVDIVDIV

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

Demonstrations to be staged three times on 8 Sept. during:

1) 11:00 – 11:15 JST : Morning break

2) 13:15 – 14:15 JST : Lunch time

3) 16:15 – 16:30 JST : Afternoon break

Handheld Receiver（Garmin）

IMES ReceiverYour Receivers

IMESTransmitter

IMESTransmitter

Indooroutdoor

Examine :

If your receiver shows any anomalous behavior

Real NAVSTARs

IMES settings:

Received signal strength : -140dBW

PRN : 178

Have a Look :

An IMES Receiver acquires the position

GPS – IMES Compatibility DemonstrationTry it out with Your Receiver! … but nothing will happen

Demonstration to be staged on 6 Sept. at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

in the Technical Tour exhibition.

Demonstration to be staged on 6 Sept. at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

in the Technical Tour exhibition.

High Sensitivity Receiver（u-blox）

glass

PRN Code management(1/2) PRN code assignment for each Tx devise.

to avoid overlapping same PRN code between neighboring cells.

Installer or Tx manifacturer should register following set of Tx configuration to get PRN code:

Tx product number

location to be installed

broadcasting coordinate value

Tx EIRP

Broadcasting position will be registered to “Location Information code database” managed by Geospacial Information Authority in Japan (GSI), simultaniously.

PRN Code management(2/2) Life cycle control will be required

To facilitate preventing misuse

Tx should be traced its location and owner/manager during whole life cycle after shipment, from installation to disposal.

JAXA is taking a role to establish the framework of IMES PRN code management and implement transiently until operational management organization is established.

Operationg procedure for the PRN code management is now being prepared.

Why should IMES Tx be controlled?

To avoid interference between IMES signals.

To prevent misuse on purpose or accidentaly.

setting signal strength beyond specified value

transmitting wrong position

PRN#173 PRN#173

48°51'29.54"N, 2°17'39.69"E

35°39’31.00”N, 139°44’43.61”E

?? ?

Here should be

Tokyo, Why Paris?

What is the IMES ?

IMES is indoor positioning system applying the same signals from GPS satellites, and is aimed so as to obtain correct position at even indoor environment where radio wave from GPS satellites is hardly penetrated.

A basic idea of IMES is originated from the framework of the Japanese original positioning satellite system, Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) named “Michibiki”. IMES transmitters send the positioning information of its location as the message.

Item IMES Pseudolite

Pseudo range measurement No Ranging Ranging

Synchronization Not required Required

Multi-path effect Nothing Strong/Unstable

Flexibility of installation Perfect Complex

2D positioning by 1 unit by 3 units

3D positioning by 1 unit by 4 units

Implementation to GNSSreceiver

PRN code only PRN code only

Item IMES Pseudolite

Pseudo range measurement No Ranging Ranging

Synchronization Not required Required

Multi-path effect Nothing Strong/Unstable

Flexibility of installation Perfect Complex

2D positioning by 1 unit by 3 units

3D positioning by 1 unit by 4 units

Implementation to GNSSreceiver

PRN code only PRN code only

Item GPS IMESCenter frequency 1575.42MHz 1575.42MHz +/-

8.2kHz

PRN ID 1-32 173-182

PRN Code Chip Rate 1.023MHz 1.023MHz

PRN Code Length 1ms 1ms

Data Rate 50bps 50bps

Modulation BPSK BPSK

Polarization RHCP RHCP

Item GPS IMESCenter frequency 1575.42MHz 1575.42MHz +/-

8.2kHz

PRN ID 1-32 173-182

PRN Code Chip Rate 1.023MHz 1.023MHz

PRN Code Length 1ms 1ms

Data Rate 50bps 50bps

Modulation BPSK BPSK

Polarization RHCP RHCP

Message Type #1; Latitude, Longitude, Height and Floor

Lift

GPS

GPSGPS

QZSS

IMESIMES

IMES

IMES

IMES

Underground

Lat.: 35.1234°Long.: 135.4567°Height: 20m

Lat.: 35.1248°Long.: 135.4569°Height: 15mFloor Height: B1,

ParkingID: 1240

Lat.: 35.1246°Long.: 135.4568°Height: 30mFloor Height: 3rd FlrID: 1210

Lat.: 35.1243°Long.: 135.4562°Height: 20mFloor Height: 1st FlrID: 1220

Outdoor Indoor

Lift

GPS

GPSGPS

QZSS

IMESIMES

IMES

IMES

IMES

Underground

Lat.: 35.1234°Long.: 135.4567°Height: 20m

Lat.: 35.1248°Long.: 135.4569°Height: 15mFloor Height: B1,

ParkingID: 1240

Lat.: 35.1246°Long.: 135.4568°Height: 30mFloor Height: 3rd FlrID: 1210

Lat.: 35.1243°Long.: 135.4562°Height: 20mFloor Height: 1st FlrID: 1220

Outdoor Indoor

Consort iumConsort iumConsort ium

■ Outdoor QZSS

■ Underground

■ Indoor

GPS

‥

10F

B２

Seamless Guidance Shopping Navigation

Shopping Navigation

Navigate customers to get necessary food materials to cook shop’s suggested recipes

After shopping at a boutique, introduce to how to get an Italian restaurant.

■Normal

■EmergencyGuide for evacuation

Seamless navigation

Go to the nearest exit

B5 immediately

B5

© IMES Consortium

IMES Demonstrations @TUMSAT Museum

Demonstration Configuration

IMES transmitters are located at five exhibit spots in the museum hall so that Smart- Phones receive the indoor positioning signals compatible with GPS/QZSS from the transmitters for guidance.

Consort iumConsort iumConsort ium

1st Floor 2nd Floor

Entrance

1 2

3 4 5

Demonstration No.1 presented by

Indoor/Outdoor Seamless Geospatial Sticky Service Users can attach data such as guidance messages, pictures and coupons to any space, and

receive them at the target location through GPS/QZS/IMES receivers.

Yahoo

http://www.yahoo.co.jp

Attachment of Data

Data Receivable Range

Data Storage Period

Tx No. PRN No. Latitude Longitude Height Floor

1 173 35.667887 139.790415 1m 1st

2 175 35.667823 139.790329 1m 1st

3 177 35.667748 139.790179 1m 1st

Tx No. PRN No. Latitude Longitude Height Floor

4 179 35.667790 139.790339 5m 2nd

5 181 35.667758 139.790211 5m 2nd

Demonstration No.2 presented by

Audio Guidance by Android Terminals Users can receive audio presentation at each exhibition point.

-IMES Positioning-Indoor Map Display-Audio Guidance-Text Guidance

IMES TransmitterSmartphone

© IMES Consortium