SheepConnect Tasmania OJD safe vaccination presentation
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Transcript of SheepConnect Tasmania OJD safe vaccination presentation
Sheep Connect TasmaniaOvine Johne’s Disease and safe vaccination – September 2011
Workshop collaborators
– TIAR — Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research.– PASS — Proactive Agricultural Safety and Support.– DPIPWE — Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and
Environment.– Tas Quality Meats, Pfizer, TP Jones, Roberts Ltd, Elders
Contents
• Ovine Johne’s Disease (OJD) — a snapshot• Effective vaccination• Safe vaccinating techniques• Needle stick injury (NSI) — management guidelines• Contacts and further information
Ovine Johne’s DiseaseA snapshot
Ovine Johne’s Disease (OJD)
– What is it?– How do you sheep get it?– How is it spread?– How do you test for it?– How do you manage it?
Is OJD affecting your bottom line?(affected carcase second from left)
What is OJD?
• Caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mbpt)• A chronic wasting disease • Intestines unable to absorb nutrients• Infected sheep may take 3–6 years to show any signs
More information on disease can be found at:www.ojd.com.au
How do your sheep get OJD?
1. faecal-oral route (contaminated pasture)2. contact with infected sheep3. other susceptible animals (deer, rabbits, goats)4. lots of other minor ways
The disease is spread by:
Infected sheep shed 10 1212
/day but only 106-96-9
needed to infect A small contamination goes a long way
The spread of OJD in Tasmania
How do you test for OJD?
• Faecal tests — lab test• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) —
lab test• Autopsy• Abattoir surveillance
How do you manage OJD?
Vaccination (Gudair)• the earlier, the better• strategic flock vaccination
Biosecurity• restrict stock movement• stringent stock hygiene
Animal Health Statements• reduce risk by buying sheep of the same or
higher point score
The impact of vaccination on flock mortality
Vaccination with Gudair — the facts
Gudair is a KILLED vaccine in a mineral oil base (adjuvant) Gudair DOES NOT cause or spread OJD Vaccinating with Gudair WILL NOT CURE infected animals Efficacy is greatest if vaccination occurs BEFORE EXPOSURE Gudair is a one-off vaccination — 1ml dose, NO BOOSTER Vaccination = less shedding, less impact, less deaths
Vaccinating is a key management tool BUT 100% immunity
The keys to successful vaccinating with Gudair
Use only as directedMaintain cleanliness of vaccinating equipmentStore vaccine properly
• 2–8oC, do not freeze, return to fridge ASAPCheck expiry date (valid for 12 months maximum)
Read all label directions and the MSDS
Effective vaccination — marking vs weaning
• Lamb marking — the considerationsTags are already going inGreater animal restraint is available than in a race
BUT — additional pressure on operators (multiple tasks)
• Weaning — the considerations Already vaccinating (5 in 1 booster) Less pressure on operators (fewer tasks)
BUT — weaners can be hard to restrain in a race
For disease management — the earlier the betterEvery sheep enterprise should work with their local Sheep MAP veterinarian to develop a tailored vaccination program for OJD
Vaccination — a practical guideEquipment, techniques and safety
Vaccinating guns — the best optionShrouded needles minimise operator riskMatch needles to gunsLook for ease of use by operator
(size, weight, comfort in hand)
Needles — size DOES matter!
18 gauge for most injections 6 or 12 mm* for GudairBigger needles cause more tissue damage and
carcase contamination*Note: shrouded guns may require a 12 mm needle as only half the needle
protrudes past the shroud during injection. Match the needle to the gun and use the shortest appropriate needle.
Smallest gauge and length possible — Gudair is a subcutaneous injection — it is given under the skin
Needles — change them regularly
Blunt needles:Damage tissueCause bruisingIncrease contamination and infection
Sharp needles:Easier to injectLess carcase damageLess contamination and infection
Subcutaneous vs intramuscular
Subcutaneous — under the skin Intramuscular — into the muscle
OJD is a SUBCUTANEOUS injection only
(the reaction is a small lump NOT a long-term large lesion)
An example of poor vaccination technique
Long needle — into muscle NOT under skin
Poor angle (into bone) Poor siting (possibly too high
and into bone)
However — vaccine will still have been effective
Possible causes of an excessive reaction:
Vaccination site — maximum efficacy, minimum damage
Reduces potential carcase damageAny reactions drain down below ear — high
injections tend to drain leading to:• Shoulder downgrade• Possible lameness, paralysis, neck mobility
Between jaw and ear (about 2–4 cm below ear) AWAY from major blood vessels and bones
Safe vaccination techniquesOne-handed technique
One-handed technique Pack race tight Approach from behind Inject between jaw and
ear (2-4cm below the ear) Keep needle
perpendicular to skin Avoid skin ‘tenting’ Keep other hand free for
balance or support Keep vaccine bottle and
tube away from sheep
A recipe for disaster
Poor animal restraint Too many operators Too many hands Poor injection siting Skin ‘tenting’ Needle at wrong angle
to skin
Vaccinating checklist
Well maintained, calibrated equipment (1ml dose) Sterilise all equipment with boiling water Make sure vaccine is ‘in date’ Have on-site storage (esky, cold packs etc) Consumables (guns, needles, holsters/strapping/backpacks, sharps
container, spare parts— O rings/tubing, pliers for changing needles) First aid kit (disinfectant, detergent, eyewash, MSDS,
accident procedure)
Before you vaccinate run through the following checklist:
Needlestick injury (NSI) action plan
Unbroken skin: Wash thoroughly with soap and water Skin is broken (existing wound or needle scratch) Wash thoroughly with soap and water Apply antiseptic solution Seek help if the area becomes inflamed, sore, swollen or redSelf injection: Contact doctor immediately and get to surgery/hospital Take vaccine package and MSDS to doctor
If an injury occurs, act immediately:
Gudair — MSDS Section 4
Manual handling — protecting your back and knees
When picking up lambs Bend knees and hips DO NOT bend back Use two hands to grasp
lambs Avoid twisting spine by
picking up straight in front and moving feet to place lambs in cradle
Look up and lunge
Local case studyYouTube clip on local needle stick incident (next slide)
Contacts and further informationOne-stop-shop for OJD and safe vaccination
DPIPWE veterinarians:Bruce Jackson — DPIPWET: 0407 872 520Rowena Bell — DPIPWET: 0488 198 500
Sheep MAP veterinariansKim Barrett — Kings Meadows John O’Dell (Flinders Island)T: 0411 242 979 T: 6359 2148Sue Van Es (Rocky Cape) Chris Donaldson (Westbury)E: [email protected] T: 6393 1286Eileem Wroski (Huonville) Paul Nilon (Longford)T: 6264 2328 T: 0419 395 867Ron Harris (Scottsdale)T: 0419 522 996
GP and SurgeonDr Merle Gray — GP Campbell TownT: (03) 6336 1133Dr Gary Kode* — Plastic and reconstructive surgeon, LauncestonT: (03) 6334 9313Dr Stephen Salerno* — Plastic and reconstructive surgeon, Essendon
*These surgeons have had surgical experience with Category 3 and/or 4 needlestick injuries involving Gudair
Animal welfare and vendor declarationsLyndon IlesT: 0419 569 708 E: [email protected]
Tas Quality Meats (abattoir surveillance)Chris CockerT: 0488 736 487
Pfizer Animal Health (Gudair)Phil Jarvie, Key account manager TasmaniaT: 0418 557 211 E: [email protected] W: www.pfizer.com.au
Proactive Agricultural Support and Safety (PASS)Anne Taylor, ChairT: 0414 839 833 E: [email protected] W: www.pass.org.au
Further readingwww.ojd.com.auwww.tiar.tas.edu.au/extensive/sheepconnect/sheep-health/ovine-johnes-disease
Sheep Connect TasmaniaAndrew BaileyT: 0408 129 373 E: [email protected]
Catriona NichollsT: 0427 571 199 E: [email protected] W: www.tiar.tas.edu.au/extensive/sheepconnect