Sharir kriya ( ayurvedic physiology) instruments

4/16/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1

Sharir Kriya( Ayurvedic Physiology)

– First BAMS

• PDEA’S College of Ayurved & Research

Center ,Nigdi Pradhikaran ,sector 25,Pune

44

• Instruments for study of Shari kriya

• Teachers & students can be benefited by

this ppt

Instruments – Sharikriya

( Ayurvedic Physiology)

• Presented By –

• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic

Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)

• www.ayurvedicfriend.com

• Mobile – 922 68 10 630

• [email protected]


http://www.ayurvedicfriend.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Sharir Kriya Books as per New

Syllabus of CCIM 2012

4/16/2014 3 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande


Sharikriya Paper Practical Book

• As per Very New Syllabus formed By CCIM IN 2012

• Ayurvedic Practicals like Prakruti,sara,Agni

• Modern Haematological Practicals

• CNS & CVS Examination



Sharir Kriya Paper 1

• Book in English

• Total CCIM Syllabus

covered

• Chaukhamba Sanskrit

Pratisthan Publication

• Popular Nationwide &

In Germany also

• Dosha & Prakruti



Sharir Kriya Paper 2

• Book in English

• Total CCIM Syllabus

covered

• Chaukhamba Sanskrit

Pratisthan Publication

• Popular Nationwide &

In Germany also

• Dhatu,Mala


4/16/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 7 4/16/2014 7

Microscope (front view)


Microscope (lateral view)


Microscope

• Monocular, Binocular (Light, Electron).

• Principle – Light rays, coming from on object

are gathered by objective lenses. Then real,

inverted, magnified images is formed by

eyepiece.

• Parts – 3 systems Support, Light, Magnification.

Base, Arm, Stage, Body tube, Condenser,

Diaphragm, Objective lenses – Low power, High

power, Oil immersion (10 X, 45x, 100X) ; Eye

pieces – 5X, 6X, 10 X, 12 X, 15 X.

4/16/2014 9


Microscope

• Adjustment low power – keep condenser

low; High power – condenser middle and

for oil immersion – condenser high up ;

•

• Plain mirror – Low power lenses, In

Natural Light and concave mirror – for

high power lens and in Artificial Light

4/16/2014 10


Plasmodium Falciparum -

Trophozites


Neubaur’s Chamber

Neubaur’s Chamber

• Principle - Neubaur’s chamber is a thick glass slide with a platform,

which consist of rullings which are to be focused & studied. It has two elevated bases, provided on both sides of platform on which coverslip is placed and counting is done.

• Parts - It has four squares at corners and central square which

contains small 25 squares. 25 smaller squares are further divided into 16 smallest squares

• Therefore central square consist of total 400 smallest squares.


Neubaur’s Chamber

• Uses - 1) Four corner squares are used

for WBC counting.(Total 16 x 4 = 64

squares)

• 2) Central square is used for RBC

counting.(Total 16 x 5 = 80 squares)

• 3) This chamber is also used for sperm

counting.



Charging of Neubaur’s Chamber


Stethoscope


Stethoscope

• Stetho = chest and scope = To inspect.

Discovered by Lennace in 1816.

• Uses – To hear – Heart sounds, Respiratory

sounds, Peristaltic movements, Foetal heart

sounds, to measure B.P. by Auscultatory

method

• Parts – Chest piece, Diaphragm for low pitch

sound and Bell for high pitch sound, Conducting

tube, Ear frame, Ear piece.

4/16/2014 17


B.P Apparatus (Mercury)

B.P Apparatus (Mercury)

• Principle - The pressure of blood in

brachial artery is balanced against the

pressure in a rubber culf and then it is

measured by Sphygmomanometer.

• Parts - 1) Mercurial manometer

• 2) Mercury well / reservior

• 3) Rubber bag with linen cuff.

• 4) The rubber pump / ballon with valve.



B.P Apparatus (Anaeroid)


B.P Apparatus (Digital)

B.P Apparatus (Digital)

• Types - i) Mercurial

ii) Aneroid.

• Uses - To measure arterial B.P. by 3

methods

• a) Palpatory b) Auscultatory c) Oscillatory



Hb tube (1)


Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 25 4/16/2014 25

Hb tube(2)

4/16/2014


Hb tube

RBC & WBC Pipettes


RBC & WBC Pipettes

• Principle - RBC and WBC pipettes have

bulbs with specific volume in which mixing

of blood and diluting fluids is

done,conveniently and accurately. This

mixed solution is used to carry out

counting of RBC and WBC.


RBC & WBC Pipettes

• Parts

• 1) Capillary stem with uniform bore.

• 2) Bulb – just above the stem is a bulb which contain red/white beads (Beads help to mix blood with RBC/WBC diluting fluid)

• 3) Rubber tube

• Uses - For dilution of blood with RBC or WBC diluting fluid to count number of RBC’s and WBC’s in 1mm3 of area.

• Note - RBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 101

• WBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 11



ESR- Westerngreen


Test tube Holder


Test Tube with Stands

Test Tubes

• Principle

• 1) Test tubes are made up of special type of glass which can tolerate

• moderate heat during the chemical reaction which are taking

• place in contents of test tube.

• 2) As the tubes are made up of glass, various chemical reactionscan be observed clearly.


Test Tubes

• Parts - 1) Test tubes are with or without rim.

• 2) For explanation of practical parts of test tubes are

• described in terms of bottom and upper part

• Uses

• 1) Test tubes are used to perform various tests in Lab

• eg. In urine practical it is used to detect sugar, albumine

• 2) Small sized tubes are used in serological examination.

• eg. • Widal test for typhoid.

• Kahn / V.D.R.L test for S.T.D (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)



Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb


• Principle - Blood is taken in the Hb tube

and mixed with N/10 HCl.

• Brown coloured acid haematin is formed

which is

• compared with standard colour plates of

the instruments.



• Parts

• 1) Haemoglobinometer with standard colour tubes

• 2) Hb tube - This tube has a rounded or square bottom. This graduated tube has red marking from 0 to 22 on one side to indicate Hb gm percent and yellow marking from 0 to 140 to indicate Hb percentage.



• 3) Hb pipette - has 20 cubic millimeter

marking. Blood is taken

• up to this mark.

• 4) Stirrer 5) Droppers 6) Brush for cleaning

the tube.



• Uses

• 1) Hb tube is used to take N/10 HCl.

• 2) Hb pipette is used to take sample of blood and to mix with

• HCl.

• 3) Stirrer is used to mix blood and HCl.

• 4) Colour plates of the Haemoglobinometer are used to match

• with colour of acid haematin (after reaction of blood and HCl)

• 5) Droppers are used for taking HCl and for adding distilled water

• for diluting mixture

• 6) Brush is used to clean the tube after the experiment



ESR - Westerngreen stand


ESR – Wintrobe stand

Stands

• Principle - Various stands are used in the Lab. The main purpose of

• stand is to keep test tubes or other tubes vertical and

• fixed according to size and shape.

• Types - 1) Metal stands 2) Wooden stands

• Parts - 1) Base 2) Sockets to keep the test tubes


Stands

• Uses

• 1) To keep test tubes in vertical position.

• 2) ESR stands are used for holding Wintrobe of Westerngreen tubes

• in upright position for accurate reading.

• 3) Kahn tubes are kept in specific stands.

• 4) For the Leishman’s staining special type of stand is used to keep the slide for staining purpose.



Tuning Fork


Tuning Fork

• Limbs (U shaped two parallel limbs),

Handle (foot plate),

• Numbers – 256, 512 and 1024 Hz.

• Hearing Test

• i) Voice test (Conversation & Whispered)

• ii) Tunning fork test (Rinne, Weber,

Schwabach)

• iii) Audiometry

4/16/2014 45

Tuning Fork

• Principle - Tunning fork is set into vibration and then it is kept on mastoid bone and then in front of ear canal and then the vibration of sound are compared for Bone Conduction (B.C.) and Air Conduction. (A.C.)

• Use - To measure hearing capacity, by comparing air conduction (A.C.) with bone conduction (B.C.).



Ear Speculum

Ear Speculum

• Principle - Due to specific shape of

speculum and hollow cavity one can

examine – external auditory canal, ear

drum (tympanic membrane)

• Parts - This is cone shaped instrument. It

has base (broad) and end part is tapering.



Ear Speculum

• Uses - Examine Ext. Auditory canal +

Tympanic membrane, Remove wax and

foreign bodies.

• Nasal and Ear speculums are used with

head mirror and head light.

4/16/2014 50


Nasal Speculum


How to hold Nasal Speculum?


Clinical Thermometer



• Normal Body Temp. 97 – 98.5 F or 36 C to

37.5 C;

• C = F – 32 x 5 / 9

• Sites – Axilla, Mouth, Rectum, vagina;

• Parts – Bulb, constricted part, Index

• Curved surface acts as lens and magnifies

level of mercury,

• Flat surface Graduated Index

4/16/2014 54



• Principle

• Mercury expands, when it comes in contact with body

heat and so temperature can be recorded.

• Temperature depends upon – Time of the day

(Evening > Early morning)

• Sex (In female, temperature on the day of ovulation,

during M.C) Organ – In liver, max. heat is produced;

clothes – Temperature of organs covered with clothes,

is more, Exercise – After exercise temperature

4/16/2014 55



• Body temperature types

• Core Temperature (Inside) > Shell

temperature (external skin).

•

• Temperature regulating center ---

Hypothalamus

4/16/2014 56

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 57 4/16/2014 57

Ryle’s Tube

4/16/2014


Ryle’s Tube

• Uses – To collect Gastric contents ,for

Gastric Analysis

• To give Stomach wash in Poisoning

• For Artificial Feeding

• Parts – Flexible Polythene tube ,diameter

8 mm

4/16/2014 58


Ryle’s Tube – Markings

• 1st Mark – 40 cm from Tip –Indicates tube has

passes up to Cardiac orifice of stomach

• 2nd Mark – 50 cm – Tube is at body of stomach

• 3rd Mark – 55 cm – Tube at Pylorus of stomach

•

• 4th Mark – 65 cm – Tube has reached in

Duodenum

4/16/2014 59


Naso Gastric Tube


R.T Feeding


Vernier Calliper –

Used for Anguli Praman

Vernier Calliper

• Principle - To measure length or diameter of an

object accurately upto 0.01 cm / 0.1 mm

• Parts - 1) Jaws (To hold the object) 2) Ears

• 3) Right angled steel plate, graduated in mm

and marked in cm.

• 4) A small vernier scale, consists of N divisions

on one side of vernier.


Vernier Calliper

• Uses

• 1) Vernier calliper is used to measure

individual finger unit.(Anguli Praman)

• Finger unit is useful to check whether the

whole body or body organ are

proportionate or not.

• 2) Finger unit is also useful for study of

Marma (Vital points)



Clinical Hammer –

For Deep Reflexes


Clinical Hammer


Clinical Hammer

• Parts - Rubber pad, handle, brush;

• Principle

• By applying external stimulus to joints,

bones, tendons, skin –response in the

form of Reflex can be observed and

Neuromuscular co-ordination and reflex

arc can be examined;


Clinical Hammer

• Reflex types – Superficial, Deep, Visceral

• Superficial – Plantar, corneal, pupillary, cremasteric, abdominal

• Deep – Bicep, Triceps, wrist, knee, Ankle

• Note - To divert the mind of the patient, while taking reflexes, Jendrasik's manure is applied (i.e.- asking the patient to clinch

• his teeth or tight locking of fingers of both the hands.)


Clinical Hammer

Clinical Hammer

• Parts - 1) Rubber pad 2) Handle 3) Pointed end 4) Brush

• • Rubber pad is made up of soft rubber, having triangular shape.This part is used to give stimulus for eliciting reflexes.

• Metallic handle is used to hold a hammer.

• Pointed end, which is usually covered, is used to elicit pain sensation (sensory tract). Pointed or blunt end is used to take Babinski’s sign.

• • Brush is used to elicit touch sensation (sensory tract).


Clinical Hammer

• Uses - To study reflexes and make

diagnosis about

• Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion –

Exaggerated

• Lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion –

diminished.



Albunometer –

To measure Urine Albumin


Esbach’s albunometer



• Principle - Esbach’s reagent is mixed with urine and kept for 24 hrs. Most of the proteins in the urine settle down and albumin is detected in gms.

• Parts

• 1) This instrument is vertical instrument made up of glass

• 2) Two marks are seen U and R. (U-urine and R-reagent) from base upto the mark U it is graduated from 1 to 12 in gm.

• Use - To find out exact amount of protein in urine.



• Procedure - Albuminometer is filled with

urine up to the mark U.

• Then fill the Esbach reagent up to the

mark R. Close the instrument. Solutions

are mixed properly and solution is kept for

24 hours. Reading of sedimented proteins

in gm. is noted after 24 hours.



Centrifuge Machine – Used in PCV

Practical & Urine Microscopic


Centrifuge Machine

Centrifuge Machine

• Principle - To separate solid particles from liquid in solution, with the help of high spinning speed of the centrifuge machine.

• Parts - 1) The central shaft (Rotating part, connected to motor)

• 2) The head (carries 4 - 6 sockets to keep test tubes)

• 3) Chamber

• 4) Lid

• 5) Centrifuge tubes (glass or plastics) - placed in opposite sockets to counter balance.

• Types of machine - 1) Manual 2) Electric



Centrifuge Machine

Centrifuge Machine

• Uses

• 1) To separate serum from blood, for

serological tests like LFT.

• 2) To separate plasma from blood

• 3) To measure packed cell volume (PCV)

• 4) To collect sediment of urine

• (specially for microscopic examination of

urine)



RBC pipette – For RBC counting


WBC pipette – For WBC counting


Auroscope-

For Examination of External Ear


Examination of Ear by Auroscope


Herpende’s Caliper for measuring

skin fold thickness


How to measure

Skin fold thickness?


Insulin Syringe, useful to give

Insulin in Diabetic Patient


Intracath –

For giving continuous IV fluids


Needles


Compass – To Show Directions – Used

in Taila Bindu Pariksha of Urine


Compass – To Show Directions

• Used in the Taila Bindu Examination

• This Test indicates Prognosis of Disease

of Patient

• We have to check in which direction Oil

drop spreads ,when it is put in Urine

sample


Sahli’s haemometer – To Test Hb


Sphygmomanometer


Sphygmomanometer

• Riva Rocci- in 1896;

• Parts – Mercurial manometer, Rubber bag

with linen cuff, ruber pump with valve,

• Manometer – 2 limbs - long and

graduated (0 - 250 mm) and another short

and broad (well).

• Types of instrument – Mercurial,

Anaeroid.


Sphygmomanometer

(with rubber pump &cuff)


Thermometer – Digital


Needles


Urinometer –

To Test Specific Gravity of Urine


Urinometer –

To Test Specific Gravity of Urine

• Used for Testing Sp. Gr. of urine (1.012-1.025).

• Specific Gravity – Definition

• Density of a substance, which is compared with

Density of water (which is 1.0)

• Principle - Sp. Gr of urine depends upon

solutes present in urine. Increased up thrust of

solution means more Sp. Gr. !

• Parts - Steam (graduated – 1.000 at top and

1.060 at bottom), Base (rounded and heavy).


Urinometer (2)

Urinometer (2)

• Principle - Specific gravity of urine depends

upon solutes present in the urine. When solutes

in the urine increases, the specific gravity of

urine is reflected on urinometer due to increased

up thrust of solution.

• Definition of specific gravity

• Specific gravity is the density of a substance

which is compared with the density of water

(which is 1.0)



Syringe


Scalp vein set –

For giving IV Fluids

Scalp vein set

• Principle - At the time of giving

intravenous fluid (DNS, Ringer lactate, 5

% glucose) it is necessary to keep needle

in the vein for longer time. Scalp vein set

is used for this purpose.

• Parts - 1) Needle 2) Wing 3) Tube


Scalp vein set

• Scalp vein needles have the bore of size

18 to 25. 18 to 20 numbers are for adults

and 24 number is for children. BT is given

with 20 number.

• • Scalp vein needle is introduced in the

vein with rough surface of the wings facing

the body surface of the patient. Wings are

having material of soft rubber


Scalp vein set

• Tube is 30 cm long and made up of flexible polythene. One funnel like broad end of this tube has a lid. This lid is opened and attached to I/V set. One end of I/V set is connected to scalp vein set and other end to I/V fluid bottle (D.N.S. etc).

• After discontinuing I/V fluids, scalp vein tube again can be closed with lid. Wings are fixed on the skin with adhesive tape.

• Scalp vein sets are available in sterile pack.


Scalp vein set

• I/V fluids like saline or Dextrose; but sometimes due to the movements of hands of the patient, I/V can go out. To avoid this problem, many a times Intracath is used.

• I/V set has outlet, chamber, and pointed end with rubber tubing and valve with screw.


Scalp vein set

• Uses

• 1) For blood transfusion 20 or 21 no.

needle is used.

• 2) Intra venous set (I.V set is used to give

I.V. fluids)

• common sites – i) cubital fossa,ii) dorsum

of hand



Stop watch – Used For BT,CT

Stop watch

• Principle - Because of the ability to show the

timings at the level of seconds and fraction of

seconds, the stop watch is used to know exact

period or time required to perform any test.

• Parts - 1) Circular dial, showing time 2) Knob (to

control start and stop movements)

• Now a days, digital stop watch is a better

alternative.


Stop watch

• Uses - 1) To calculate bleeding time.

(B.T.)

• 2) To calculate clotting time. (C.T.)

• 3) To conduct test in given timing.

• Eg. - Harward step test.



Wintrobe bulb–

Collecting Blood for Haemogram


Syringe with needle


Syringe with needle

• Syringe – Barrel, plunger;

• Needle – Bevel, shaft, hub,

• Uses – To give I.M. or I. V. Injections OR to

take out the Blood,

• Number of Needles and uses – No. 18, 19 – To

take out blood or to give thick injections like Inj

Penidure LA 12, 24 for syphilis, No. 21 Oily Inj.

No 22, 23 – Watery Inj, No-24 – For children ;

Syringes – 2 CC, 5CC, 10 CC, 20 CC, 50 cc.


Syringe with needle

• Types

• Disposable syringes and needles, scalp vein set (IV set), Insulin syringe and needle, Glycerine syringe (for giving Glycerine ),Lumber puncture Needle

• Sites for giving injection Triceps muscle, Gluteus muscle, Ant. abdominal wall – Subcutaneous (Rabies), Lt. arm – Origin of Deltoid muscle (BCG)


Lumber Puncture Neddle –

For taking CSF sample


Site & Position for

Lumber Puncture


Portable ECG Machine


Cushco’s Vaginal Speculum for Per

vaginal Examination

Tonometer – To Examine Pressure of

Eyeball to rule out Glaucoma


Tongue Depressor curved –

For examining Throat


Tongue Depressor Straight


Tunning Fork of different frequencies from

256 to 1024 – For doing Hearing Tests


Urinary Catheters –

To remove urine from bladder



Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

• www.ayurvedicfriend.com

• Mobile – 922 68 10 630

• Mail ID –

[email protected]

• [email protected]

http://www.ayurvedicfriend.com/




Ayurved for General Practioner

• Very very popular

Book in Medical

Practioners

• 100 common

symptoms of General

Practice with

causes,Investigations

& Ayurvedic

Treatments


Clinical Examination

• Systemic Examination

of 8 systems

• Ayurvedic Srotas

Examination

• Clinical significance of

Lab Tests &

Radiology,USG,2D

Echo


Notes on Medicine Part 1

• Very very useful Book

for all Medical

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• Guidelines with

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urvedic & Modern

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Fever,Pain in

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Best Book for

Medical Students & Practioners

Preventive Cardiology

& Ayurvedic Management

• Best Book for GP

• All cardiac problems

like

Hypertention,CCF,

Angina,Myocardial

Infarct are discussed

with Ayurvedic

Management

Contact -922 68 10 630


Digestive Problems

& Ayurvedic Management


• All Digestive

problems like

Acidity,Pain in

abdomen,

• Constipation ,colitis

are discussed with

Ayurvedic

Management

Contact -922 68 10 630


Gynaecological Problems &

Ayurvedic Management


• All Gynaecological

problems like Heavy

bleeding,White

discharge,Infertility,ca

ncer are discussed

with Ayurvedic

Management

Contact -922 68 10 630


Arthritis,Backache &

Ayurvedic Management


• All Joint problems

like Rheumatoid

Arthritis,Osteoarthritis

,Backache are

discussed with

Ayurvedic

Management

Contact -922 68 10 630


Neurological Problems & Ayurvedic

Management


• All Neurological

problems like

Headache,Epilepsy,Al

zeimer’s Disease are

discussed with

Ayurvedic

Management

Contact -922 68 10 630


Ayurvedic Concept of Diet

& Nutrition


• Dietary Advice

according to Prakruti

,Dietary prescriptions

for many diseases are

given

• Contact -922 68 10

630


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Sharir kriya ( ayurvedic physiology) instruments

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Transcript of Sharir kriya ( ayurvedic physiology) instruments