SHARING THE BALTIC SHARING THE BALTIC SALMONSALMON

Kulmala Soile, Lindroos MarkoDep. of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki,

Finland

SHARING THE FISHConference 06

Structure of the talkStructure of the talk

BackgroundBackground Baltic SalmonBaltic Salmon Finnish national regulationsFinnish national regulations EU’s Common Fisheries PolicyEU’s Common Fisheries Policy ConclusionsConclusions Future workFuture work

BackgroundBackground

How to increase the impact of How to increase the impact of economic advice on fisheries economic advice on fisheries management?management?

How to solve the dispute related How to solve the dispute related to sharing issues of Baltic salmon to sharing issues of Baltic salmon in Finland?in Finland?

Baltic Baltic salmonsalmon

Baltic Proper

Bothnian Sea

Gulf of Finland

Bothnian Bay

Gul

f of B

othn

ia

40 of 100 stocks remain40 of 100 stocks remain PresentPresent PastPast

Migration routesMigration routes

Feeding areasFeeding areas

Salmon Action Plan (SAP)Salmon Action Plan (SAP) 1997-20101997-2010 stockingsstockings yield maximizationyield maximization

Wild and reared salmonWild and reared salmon

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Russia

Russia

Finland

Sweden

0 100 200 km

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland

Russia

Russia

Finland

Sweden

0 100 200 km

BothnianSea

BothnianBay

Baltic Main Basin

Main Basin

Estonia

Åland Sea

Gulf of Finland

Baltic Baltic salmonsalmon

ODN

Different fisheries

CDN

CTN

1. Offshore driftnet (ODN)1. Offshore driftnet (ODN)2.2. Offshore longline (OLL)

3.3. Coastal driftnet (CDN)Coastal driftnet (CDN)4.4. Coastal trapnet (CTN)Coastal trapnet (CTN)

5.5. River (RI)River (RI)

RI

OLL

ProfessionalProfessional RecreationalRecreational Subsistence fishingSubsistence fishing

Finnish national regulationsFinnish national regulations

Delayed opening of coastal fisheryDelayed opening of coastal fishery wild salmon migrate earlierwild salmon migrate earlier ease up since 1998ease up since 1998

Gear restrictionsGear restrictions SelectionSelection

> 85 cm will be released> 85 cm will be released License for river fishingLicense for river fishing

day or periodday or period

Finnish national regulations: Finnish national regulations: Towards ITQs?Towards ITQs?

1990´s1990´s disquisition & researchdisquisition & research business as usual continuedbusiness as usual continued

2005, Salmon fund2005, Salmon fund response to advancement of coastal response to advancement of coastal

fisheryfishery compensation for professional fishermencompensation for professional fishermen

ITQs more permanent solution?ITQs more permanent solution?

EU’s Common Fisheries Policy EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)(CFP)

ObjectivesObjectives Responsible and sustainable fisheriesResponsible and sustainable fisheries Economically viable fishing industryEconomically viable fishing industry Fair standard of living Fair standard of living

Annual TAC Annual TAC Biological advice dominatesBiological advice dominates In general, CFP has failedIn general, CFP has failed

decreasing number of fish and decreasing number of fish and employmentemployment

CFP decision process for CFP decision process for TACTAC

ICES Stock Assessment

Working GroupTAC

ICES Advisory

Committee on

Fishery Management

ACFM

Scientific, Technical

and Economic Committee

for Fisheries STECF

European Commission

DG Fish

Council of Fisheries Ministers

Regional Advisory Council

RAC

Bilateral negotiationswith Russian Federation

Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council (BS RAC)Council (BS RAC)

Will be established in 2006Will be established in 2006 Fishing sector and other interests Fishing sector and other interests

groups to which CFP affectsgroups to which CFP affects Short-term solution to increase the Short-term solution to increase the

impact of economic advice?impact of economic advice? Fishermen = BusinessmenFishermen = Businessmen NGOs = ConservationistsNGOs = Conservationists

Proposal for a reformed CFP Proposal for a reformed CFP decision processesdecision processes

Bioeconomic stock assesment (BESA)Bioeconomic stock assesment (BESA) Combination of ICES and STECFCombination of ICES and STECF Output: biologically and economically Output: biologically and economically

sound TAC (BETAC)sound TAC (BETAC) EU-wide ITQ system based on EU-wide ITQ system based on

BETAC?BETAC? Emission’s Trading Scheme existsEmission’s Trading Scheme exists

Proposal for a reformed CFP Proposal for a reformed CFP decision processesdecision processes

European Commission

DG Fish

Council of Fisheries Ministers

Regional Advisory Council

RAC

Bilateral negotiationswith Russian Federation

BioeconomicStock

AssesmentBESA

ITQBETAC

ConclusionConclusion

Regional Advisory Councils: short term Regional Advisory Councils: short term solution for increase the impact of solution for increase the impact of economic adviceeconomic advice

In order to achieve the CFP objects, In order to achieve the CFP objects, the decision process of TAC has to be the decision process of TAC has to be reformedreformed

Salmon Fund may prepare the way for Salmon Fund may prepare the way for Finnish ITQ-system for Baltic salmonFinnish ITQ-system for Baltic salmon Finnish system a basis for EU-wide ITQs?Finnish system a basis for EU-wide ITQs?

Future workFuture work

Proposition for ITQ-scheme for Baltic Proposition for ITQ-scheme for Baltic salmon in Finlandsalmon in Finland

Popular presentation of the basic Popular presentation of the basic methods and results of fisheries methods and results of fisheries economicseconomics

Proposition for a bioeconomic stock Proposition for a bioeconomic stock assessment model for Baltic salmonassessment model for Baltic salmon

Game theoretical analysis of the CFP Game theoretical analysis of the CFP decision processdecision process

soile.kulmala@helsinki.fi