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Transcript of Sharing research findings in the Canadian Arctic ... · Sharing research findings in the Canadian...
Rachel Hirsch, FES, York University, Toronto
Gwen Healey, Qaujigiartiit Health Research Centre, Iqaluit
Sharing research findings in the Canadian Arctic: Assessing the integration of Inuit
knowledge in policy communications about climate change related food insecurity
ArcticNet7th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM2010)
Session: Human Health (Part II)Ottawa, ON, Dec 16, 2010
Qaujigiartiit: Looking For Knowledge
Sharing Research Findings in the Canadian Arctic
Objectives:
1. discuss ways of knowing about climate change and health (i.e., food (in)security)
2. propose a tool for assessing the use of this knowledge in policy/program development
State of the Arctic
CommunityHealth
and Well-being
Research Agenda: Climate Change Adaptation Policy Imperatives for
the Canadian Arctic
Policy Actions
Vulnerab ili tyR
esili
ency
(Gilligan et al., 2006)
– Scientific• Western/European approach; empirical analysis;
researching and recording observations – Local
• group and place specific; direct experience; short-term– Traditional
• “knowledge system based on tradition that is created, preserved and dispersed” (tradition = capacity for adjustment to environmental extremes)
• inter-generational, interconnectivity within and between human-natural systems
Multiple Ways of Knowing
CommunityHealth
and Well-being
Policy Actions
State of the Arctic
Knowledge S
cientif ic
I ndi
g eno
us
LocalOther…
Research Agenda: How to know about the state of the
Canadian Arctic?
Health CanadaClimate Change and Health Adaptation in Northern First Nations and Inuit Communities Program (Total Funded Communities 2008-2011 = 37)
2008-2009 Projects 2009-2010 Projects2010-2011 Projects
Canada’s Domestic Action: Northern Climate Change
Adaptation and Health
Knowledge Transfer Dilemmas: Community-Research-Policy
(Pearce et al., 2009; Jack et al., 2010)
Engagement • hiring research assistant or participatory action
research• treatment of traditional/local knowledgeEnactment • “In the adoption of evidence-informed decision-
making there is an interesting paradox in that different stakeholder groups have unique definitions of what constitutes evidence” (p. 652).
Who are the climate change and health policy stakeholders at different levels of government (e.g., regional, territorial, national) and with whom do they share information?
What value is attached to different types of knowledge (Inuit, local, scientific)?
How is information transformed through knowledge sharing?
Importance of Assessing Knowledge Integration in the
Policy Process
How are multiple ways of knowing about climate change related food insecurity in Nunavut translated from research to policy?
1. Develop a tool for tracking the exchange of different types of knowledge.
2. Collaborate with one community research group in Nunavut who would like to track findings from a study they have conducted on climate change and food security.
Research Question and Objectives
(Mertens et al., 2005; Janssen et al., 2006)
Proposed Methods: Social Network Mapping
• Purpose– connect micro (individual) to macro (institutional or
inter-institutional): nodes and links– relational data: communications and content
• Main Benefit: characterize system potential or communication resiliency– Connectivity (links): density; reachability– Centrality (nodes): hubs/brokers
Source: Crona & Bodin, 2006
Example: fishing village in Kenya- centrality (node size) by occupation- connectivity (link thickness) by exchange of
local ecological knowledge
(Roe, 1994)
Dynamic Communication: Narrative Policy Analysis
Narrative Policy Analysis• Identify the main story developed by each
opposing stakeholder group• Consider any alternative stories, alterations to
the current stories, or potential counter- narratives
• Consider how any alternatives may be coalesced into a larger meta-narrative
Proposed Methods: Mapping Interviews
Initial goal: develop protocol for mapping interviews– descriptive and participatory
• begin with disseminated findings (e.g., for sale ski-doo)• questionnaire: info reception/use, priorities, form of info,
form preference (output -> knowledge map)• parallel dialogue about the nature of knowledge sharing
(output -> narrative policy analysis)– bi-directional snowball sampling
• info sharing; saturation
"We’ll be seeing more of this... more machines for sale. We won’t be able to use them any more when it warms up”.
Case Example: Climate Change Related Food
Security in Nunavut
Concerns:- changed ways of hunting- inability to hunt at all
Source: Healey, Magner, Ritter, Kamookak, Aningmiuq, Issaluk, Mackenzie, Allardyce, Stockdale, & Moffit, 2010 (Accepted to Arctic).
Photographer: Rahabi Kamookak (Gjoa Haven)
LegendKnowledge Type
localscientific mixedtraditional
Priorityfood securityconservation
Iqaluit Municipal Council
Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee
GN: Department of Environment
GN: Department of Health and Social Services
Health CanadaInuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Indian and Northern Affairs
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.
QHRN
LegendKnowledge Type
localscientific mixedtraditional
Priorityfood securityconservation
Iqaluit Municipal Council
Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee
GN: Department of Environment
GN: Department of Health and Social Services
Health Canada
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Indian and Northern Affairs
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.
QHRN
Nunavut Research Institute
LegendKnowledge Type
localscientific mixedtraditional
Priorityfood securityconservation
Iqaluit Municipal Council
Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee
GN: Department of Environment
GN: Department of Health and Social Services
Health Canada
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Indian and Northern Affairs
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.
QHRN
Nunavut Research Institute
LegendKnowledge Type
localscientific mixedtraditional
Priorityfood securityconservation
Iqaluit Municipal Council
Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee
GN: Department of Environment
GN: Department of Health and Social Services
Health Canada
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Indian and Northern Affairs
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.
QHRN
Nunavut Research Institute
Potential ContributionsTheory: How are various types of information (e.g.,
traditional, local, scientific, etc.) integrated/transformed in policy communications; and, what does this mean for accountability in knowledge sharing?
Method: Is rigour enhanced by first mapping the structure of institutional communications across scales and then exploring the processes underlying this knowledge exchange?
Policy: What opportunities and obstacles for communicating about climate change adaptation policy development might the synthesis of these ‘policy stories’ uncover?
Acknowledgements
• My committee (York U): Bonnie Kettel, Martin Bunch, Karen Kraft Sloan, and Rick Bello
• Advisers: ITK (Scot Nickels, Eric Loring, Carrie Grable), FNIHB-HC (Erin Meyers, Diane McClymont Peace), NRI (Jamal Shirley, Mary Ellen Thomas), and Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op (Michael Svoboda)
• ArcticNet Project Member: “Integrating and Translating ArcticNet Science for Sustainable Communities and National and Global Policy and Decision-Making” (Leaders: Chris Furgal, Trent and David Hik, U of A)
“I will say as an example that traditional food is, ofcourse, the best in terms of consumption of food in the north,because [we’re] used to it. And traditional food, there’s no badfood in that sense. But since the introduction of southern foods,there’s all kinds of choices now … just look at the stores, I cangive you an example of one store, a little store that has aislesand aisles of stuff. I can’t even say that they’re food. They’restuff. But you consume through your mouth, but they’re notreally healthy at all. They’re just all junk food.”
-- Participant #6 (Healey, 2006)
Case Example: Climate Change Related Food
Security in Nunavut
(Furgal, Fletcher and Dickson, 2006 for Environment Canada)
Adaptive Co-management
Parkes & Panelli, 2001