Sharing One of the Most Beautiful Creations of Allah
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Transcript of Sharing One of the Most Beautiful Creations of Allah
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SHARING ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CREATIONS OF ALLAH
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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BRIEF HISTORY OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1640: Jean Baptiste van Helmont studythe growth of plants. (plants grew mainlyfrom water not soil)
1772: Joseph Priestley green plantsrestore oxygen which can supportcombustion (candle in an upturned glass
jar) Jan Ingenhousz: Plants only releaseoxygen in the presence of sunlight
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BRIEF HISTORY OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1780s: Jean Senebier carbon dioxide was
taken by plants during photosynthesis.
1796: Ingenhousz verified that carbon dioxide is
the source of carbon for photosynthesis 1804: de Saussure water required for
photosynthesis
1845: Robert Mayer plants convert photoenergy into chemical energy during
photosynthesis.
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BRIEF HISTORY OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1905: Blackman photosynthesis involves2 principal reactions (photochemical andbiochemical). Photochemical is light-
dependent, biochemical is light-independent
1937: Robert Hill chloroplasts are able toproduce oxygen by splitting watermolecules in the absence of carbondioxide.
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LEAF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
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CROSS SECTION OF LEAF
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LEAF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Xylem: transports water
Phloem: transports organic products ofphotosynthesis
Epidermis: protective layer on the upper andlower surfaces of the leaf
Cuticle: waterproof layer which reduce excessivewater lost
Stomata: allowing exchange of gases betweenthe internal part of the leaf and the environment
Guard cells: regulate the size of the pore.
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STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT
REACTION
Takes place in the grana
The raw material needed is water
During light reaction, chlorophyll captureslight energy which excites the electrons of
chlorophyll molecules
Light energy is also used to split watermolecules into hydrogen ions (H+) and
hydroxyl ions (OH-): PHOTOLYSIS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT
REACTION
The hydrogen ions then combine with the
electrons released by chlorophyll to form
hydrogen atoms.
Energy released from the excited electrons isused to form energy rich molecules of ATP
At the same time, each hydroxyl ion loses an
electron to form hydroxyl group. Hydroxyl groups
combine to form water and gaseous oxygen.
Oxygen is released into atmosphere
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT
REACTION
24H2O 24H+ + 24OH-
24H+
+ 24e-
24 H (hydrogen atoms)
24 OH- 24OH + 24 e-
24 OH 12H2O + 6O2
LIGHT
CHLOROPYLL
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS DARK
REACTION
The ATP molecules and hydrogen atoms
move to the stroma to provide energy
Hydrogen atoms are used to fix carbon
dioxide in a series of reactions catalysed
by photosynthetic enzymes.
Overall reaction results in the reduction of
carbon dioxide into glucose.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS DARK
REACTION
6CO2 + 24H 6(CH2O) + 6 H2O 6 (CH2O) C6H12O6
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Glucose monomers then undergo
condensation to form starch which is
temporarily stored as starch granules in
the chloroplasts.
The entire process of photosynthesis can
be represented by the following chemical
equation: 12H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O
LIGHT
CHLOROPYLL
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EVALUATION
Work in groups. Review the mechanism ofphotosynthesis which has been discussed and list out
the comparison between light and dark reaction.
Dark ReactionDifferencesLight Reaction
Light energy
required
Site of reaction
Substancesrequired for
reaction
Products of
reaction