Shaping a New NationShaping a New Nation

The United States after the The United States after the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What’s happening in this photo?

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What would happen if the government What would happen if the government could not tax us?could not tax us?

What if states could not be forced to What if states could not be forced to provide soldiers for our protection?provide soldiers for our protection?

What if there was no president?What if there was no president?

Remember. . .Remember. . .

The Treaty of Paris had officially ended The Treaty of Paris had officially ended the Revolutionary War, and Britain was the Revolutionary War, and Britain was SUPPOSED to leave the new United SUPPOSED to leave the new United States territories. . .States territories. . .

But because of the weaknesses of the But because of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the new U.S. Articles of Confederation, the new U.S. government was unstable and weak.government was unstable and weak.

Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation WeaknessesWeaknesses

Most power held by the statesMost power held by the states Only one branch of governmentOnly one branch of government The one legislative branch had very few powersThe one legislative branch had very few powers No judicial branch (Supreme Court)No judicial branch (Supreme Court) No executive branch (President)No executive branch (President) No system of checks and balancesNo system of checks and balances Could not force states to provide soldiers for a Could not force states to provide soldiers for a

national militarynational military Could not tax (this was the states’ right)Could not tax (this was the states’ right)

Weakness ChartWeakness Chart

Because the U.S. government was Because the U.S. government was so weak. . .so weak. . .

It couldn’t force British troops to leave the It couldn’t force British troops to leave the U.S.U.S.

Britain began passing Britain began passing tariffstariffs (taxes on (taxes on importsimports or or exportsexports) that the U.S. was ) that the U.S. was forced to pay in order to tradeforced to pay in order to trade

Britain and Spain both closed trade routes Britain and Spain both closed trade routes that the U.S. depended onthat the U.S. depended on

AssignmentAssignment

Read Chapter 5, Section 1 (pages 152-Read Chapter 5, Section 1 (pages 152-155).155).

Answer 1-4 all parts on page 155.Answer 1-4 all parts on page 155.

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What are your thoughts on this photo?

F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What are the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

ReminderReminder

You’ll have a 15-20-question quiz on You’ll have a 15-20-question quiz on Thursday that will cover Chapter 5, Thursday that will cover Chapter 5, Sections 1 and 2.Sections 1 and 2.

The quiz will be multiple choice.The quiz will be multiple choice. Turn in your homework from last night. Turn in your homework from last night.

(Chapter 5, Section 1 questions)(Chapter 5, Section 1 questions) You’ll have time today to finish your in-class You’ll have time today to finish your in-class

assignment.assignment.

Because of the closed trade routes and Because of the closed trade routes and high tariffs, many states began printing high tariffs, many states began printing large amounts of money large amounts of money Created Created inflationinflation (money value decreases, (money value decreases,

prices of goods increase)prices of goods increase)

DepressionDepression

Period of low economic activity and high Period of low economic activity and high unemploymentunemployment

Makes some people crazy and desperateMakes some people crazy and desperate

Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion

MA farmers were losing their farms MA farmers were losing their farms because they couldn’t pay their taxesbecause they couldn’t pay their taxes

Daniel Shays Daniel Shays and other farmers rebelled in and other farmers rebelled in order to save their farmsorder to save their farmsRebellion went on for a long time because the Rebellion went on for a long time because the

national government had no army to put it national government had no army to put it downdown

Proved to many people that the U.S. needed Proved to many people that the U.S. needed a stronger national governmenta stronger national government

AssignmentAssignment

Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (pages 158-Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (pages 158-162) and do 1-4 all parts on page 162.162) and do 1-4 all parts on page 162.

Constitutional Convention

Most Americans agreed that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was way too weak

Delegates arrived in Philadelphia in May, 1787 to discuss how to solve these issues

INDEPENDENCE HALL

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What does What does compromise compromise mean?mean?

Write one Write one paragraph in which paragraph in which you’ve had to you’ve had to compromise with compromise with someone.someone.

EQ: What role did EQ: What role did compromise play in compromise play in the creation of the the creation of the United States United States Constitution? ( 8.4 Constitution? ( 8.4 spi 8)spi 8)

EQ: How did the EQ: How did the Founding Fathers Founding Fathers work together work together during the writing during the writing of the Declaration of the Declaration of Independence, of Independence, the Articles of the Articles of Confederation, and Confederation, and the Constitution of the Constitution of the United States? the United States? (8.5 spi 5)(8.5 spi 5)

TodayToday

Notes on Chapter Notes on Chapter 5, Section 35, Section 3

The Major Issues

Every delegate thought changes needed to happen; just didn’t agree on how much Representation in Congress Slavery How strong the new national government should be

Representation in Congress

How would representatives be chosen? Would larger states be allowed more representatives? Should everyone get the same amount of votes? Was there any way to compromise?

Large States Liked. . .

Edmund Randolph’s Virginia Plan Bicameral legislature (House and Senate) Representation in both houses based on population

Small States Liked. . .

William Patterson’s New Jersey Plan Unicameral Congress (one house) Each state got the same number of votes

The Great Compromise

Idea put forth by Roger Sherman of CTBicameral legislature (House and Senate)Number of Representatives for each state

based on populationEach state got two Senators

New Jersey Plan

- Unicameral

- Equal Rep.

Virginia Plan

-Bicameral

- Rep. based on pop.

Great Compromise

- Bicameral

- Representatives based on population

- Equal number of senators

Slavery

In order to increase their representation, Southern states wanted to count slaves in their populations.

Northern states disagreed; they did not want to count slaves in the population, but they did think that the South should have to pay taxes on them.

Three-Fifths Compromise Slaves would count as 3/5 of a regular person.

Taxes would be paid on all slaves. The writers of the Constitution were very careful

to not speak bad about slavery (this would’ve upset the South).

HomeworkHomework

Read Chapter 5, Read Chapter 5, Section 3 (pages Section 3 (pages 163-168)163-168)

Answer 1-4 all Answer 1-4 all parts on page 168parts on page 168

Other Ideas Found in the Constitution. . .

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

Give me at least one example of Give me at least one example of compromise in U.S. History we’ve compromise in U.S. History we’ve discussed since we’ve returned from discussed since we’ve returned from Christmas.Christmas.

Homework

We need to turn in our homework now.

EQsEQs

What role did compromise play in the creation What role did compromise play in the creation of the United States Constitution? ( 8.4 spi 8)of the United States Constitution? ( 8.4 spi 8)

What rights and privileges do we have as What rights and privileges do we have as American citizens? (8.4 spi 4)American citizens? (8.4 spi 4)

How did the Founding Fathers work together How did the Founding Fathers work together during the writing of the Declaration of during the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States? and the Constitution of the United States? (8.5 spi 5)(8.5 spi 5)

TodayToday

Finish notes on Chapter 5, Section 4.Finish notes on Chapter 5, Section 4. If we finish notes, use the rest of class to If we finish notes, use the rest of class to

finish anything you owe me.finish anything you owe me.

TomorrowTomorrow

We’ve have an open-notes, open-book We’ve have an open-notes, open-book quiz on Chapter 5, Sections 3 and 4.quiz on Chapter 5, Sections 3 and 4.

FutureFuture

Next week we’ll be back to normal. We’ll Next week we’ll be back to normal. We’ll have a test next Thursday.have a test next Thursday.

Popular Sovereignty

Sovereignty – The ability to rule Popular sovereignty means that political rule

belongs to the people!

Federalism The sharing of power between states and the

federal government

Checks and Balances Keeps any of the three branches of government

from becoming too powerful

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

&

The Bill of Rights

A Little More Compromise. . .

First: Great Compromise Second: Three-Fifths Compromise New Question: Just how strong is this new

national government going to be?

OR

Federalists

Wanted a strong, powerful national gov’t Defended their views in a series of articles

called The Federalist Papers

WASHINGTON

MADISON

FRANKLIN

HAMILTON

Anti-Federalists

Were opposed to the Constitution for several different reasons: Didn’t want a new gov’t

(just a better one) Thought new gov’t had

way too much power No section in the Const.

that guaranteed certain rights

GEORGE MASON PATRICK HENRY

JEFFERSON SAM ADAMS

More Compromise, Please!

Both the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists published articles trying to persuade the American people

Each state voted on whether or not to ratify (pass) the Constitution

Only 9 states needed to ratify it; but in order for it to really be effective, all 13 states needed to ratify it

“The First State”

Dec. 7, 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the Constitution

Compromise Made Several states only agree to ratify the

Constitution if a “Bill of Rights” were created to protect individual freedoms

Bill of Rights 1st 10 amendments (official changes) to the

Constitution Set a clear example of how to adjust or change

the Constitution to reflect the wishes of the people

Remember. . .

What role did compromise play in the writing of the United States Constitution?Representation – Great CompromiseSlave Population – Three-Fifths CompromiseStrong/Weak Government – Federalists vs.

Anti-FederalistsProtecting Freedoms – Bill of Rights