Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface...

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Geology Tells Earth’s History

Transcript of Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface...

Page 1: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Geology Tells Earth’s History

http://geology.com/
Page 2: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Rocks and minerals are the natural

resources that supply our everyday

needs!

Page 3: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Rocks and minerals tell the physical

history of the Earth and its life history.

Page 4: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK

Page 5: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 6: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Review - Where do we find

them in NYS?

New - How old are they?

Page 7: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 8: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

atmosphere,

hydrosphere,

biosphere

asthenosphere?

lithosphere? LITHO = SOLID

HYDRO = WATER

ATMO = GAS

BIO = LIVING

ASTHENO =

“PLASTIC” MANTLE

Page 9: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Use your

ESRT to

locate the

lithosphere.

It’s the solid crust

and solid mantle

near Earth’s

surface where

rocks and

minerals are

found!

In your

notebooks,

draw a

conceptual

model of these

layers and their

depths

Page 10: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

What does that tell you about the composition of most

rocks and minerals?

Page 11: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Here are the clues in the rocks and minerals we will use to identify them and piece together the history of Earth

COMPOSITION (CONTENTS)

TEXTURE (FEATURES)

STRUCTURE (PATTERNS)

What the rock or

mineral is made of

The appearance of

a rock or mineral

The patterns you see in a

rock or mineral caused by

how it formed

Page 12: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK

Page 13: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 14: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

… naturally occurring or synthetic (man-made)?

… organic (once living) or inorganic (non-living)?

… crystalline solid, liquid or gas?

… one (unique) or multiple (variable) chemical composition(s)?

MINERALS are the building blocks of rocks!

Page 15: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL

Naturally occurring Inorganic Crystalline solid Unique chemical

composition (look like one material)

Minerals are building blocks of rocks

IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK

Page 16: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

What’s the

PATHWAY TO

IGNEOUS

ROCKS?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ4UI5HhjDk&feature=related
Page 17: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 18: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

• Formed from melting of other rocksinto molten magma

• Magma cooled and solidifiedTEXTURE

• Interlocking crystals in random pattern

• Fine to very coarse crystals• Glassy (no crystals)• May have gas pockets (vesicular)

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK

Page 19: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ4UI5HhjDk&feature=related
Page 20: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

WHICH

SAMPLE IS A

SEDIMENTARY

ROCK?

Page 21: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK• Other rocks broken down into

sediments of same or mixture of sizes• Sediments cemented back together

TEXTURE • Grains are not interlocking. They are

cemented back together (two materials)• Fossils• Flat layers because they formed mostly

on ocean floor)• Muddy looking if small silt/clay

particle sizes

METAMORPHIC ROCK

Page 22: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

What’s the

PATHWAY TO

METAMORPHIC

ROCKS!

Page 23: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 24: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK• Formed from extreme heat and pressure

of other rocks, but not enough heat to melt original material

TEXTURE • Interlocking crystals• Pressure can deform layers and fossils

(appear stretched out or squished)• Layers discontinuous and can be wavy• Platey minerals (shiny flat plates)

Page 25: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Let’s use observation clues to decide if a

sample is a rock or a mineral

Page 26: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

IGNEOUS ROCK

Color(s):

Observation:

METEMORPHIC ROCK

Color(s):

Observation:

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Color(s):

Observation:

MINERAL #1

Color(s):

Observation:

MINERAL #2

Color(s):

Observation:

Page 27: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

MINERAL IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=2OONp_EssasUwM&tbnid=dMUrp05OL1A_fM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/gneiss.html&ei=BhZyU-D_DsfMsQSb-4CwAg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNHCGhn8Suo-9AWypLAcnVoS0onfSQ&ust=1400071991041596
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=2OONp_EssasUwM&tbnid=dMUrp05OL1A_fM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/gneiss.html&ei=BhZyU-D_DsfMsQSb-4CwAg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNHCGhn8Suo-9AWypLAcnVoS0onfSQ&ust=1400071991041596
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=YQfXVn7jlU1c_M&tbnid=wrEjpYzM62CHuM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://geology.com/rocks/granite.shtml&ei=NRZyU-X2IdXesASov4GoAg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFMjfPG-DsR0iqFCQVh57AV88xMJA&ust=1400072114219965
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=YQfXVn7jlU1c_M&tbnid=wrEjpYzM62CHuM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://geology.com/rocks/granite.shtml&ei=NRZyU-X2IdXesASov4GoAg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFMjfPG-DsR0iqFCQVh57AV88xMJA&ust=1400072114219965
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=W46ewkbWwh1AhM&tbnid=282rby1TLgFy8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Millet-Seed_Sandstone_Macro.JPG&ei=mBZyU5mSFvOysQTssoGYBg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNGLCIerayRLMZ2D6a-j1RhS4ponjg&ust=1400072156927413
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=W46ewkbWwh1AhM&tbnid=282rby1TLgFy8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Millet-Seed_Sandstone_Macro.JPG&ei=mBZyU5mSFvOysQTssoGYBg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNGLCIerayRLMZ2D6a-j1RhS4ponjg&ust=1400072156927413
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=9XpDJ5RtLI8PvM&tbnid=U5_J7lwF5qsh3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://whataearth.com/product/quartz-crystal&ei=exJyU9enENOssQSMvYHYBg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNEhNME3tS3hUIozlhr12Z_ABB3cqA&ust=1400071103077897
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=9XpDJ5RtLI8PvM&tbnid=U5_J7lwF5qsh3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://whataearth.com/product/quartz-crystal&ei=exJyU9enENOssQSMvYHYBg&bvm=bv.66330100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNEhNME3tS3hUIozlhr12Z_ABB3cqA&ust=1400071103077897
Page 28: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Solid, liquid or gas?

Unique or variable composition?

◦Made of many things in different proportions likeinorganic minerals

organic materials (shells, dead plants)

other rocks in various proportions.

Page 29: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 30: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 31: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/index.html
http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/index.html
Page 32: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
http://www.adsc-iafd.com/images/Turns.JPG
http://www.adsc-iafd.com/images/Turns.JPG
Page 33: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 34: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 35: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 36: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 37: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 38: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 39: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 40: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/mount_isa_copper/index.html
http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/mount_isa_copper/index.html
Page 41: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 42: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 43: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/crystal-giants/crystals-photography
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/video/player
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/crystal-giants/crystals-photography
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/video/player
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/video/player
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/video/player
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/video/player
Page 44: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 45: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of
Page 46: Shaft Coal Mining Rock or Mineral.pdfIt’s the solid crust and solid mantle near Earth’s surface where rocks and minerals are found! In your notebooks, draw a conceptual model of

Crystal Cave was undisturbed for 600,000 years and then humans disturbed the balance

Water was drained because of nearby mining of gypsum (drywall main ingredient)

The cave was discovered when it was drained

Will the crystals survive?


Data notebooks

Data notebooks

Structure of the Earth Not so solid Earth. The Earth has three levels: Core, Mantle, Crust.

Structure of the Earth Not so solid Earth. The Earth has three levels: Core, Mantle, Crust.

Science Notebooks

Science Notebooks

Geology · Web viewTheory that the Earth’s crust and upper mantle are divided into sections (plates) that move over the lower mantle. Lithosphere: solid outer shell of Earth consisting

Geology · Web viewTheory that the Earth’s crust and upper mantle are divided into sections (plates) that move over the lower mantle. Lithosphere: solid outer shell of Earth consisting

Interactive Notebooks

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Geology: Processes, Hazards, and Soils. Earth’s Structure Core Inner core: made mostly of iron, solid Outer core: liquid Mantle Thick, solid zone.

Geology: Processes, Hazards, and Soils. Earth’s Structure Core Inner core: made mostly of iron, solid Outer core: liquid Mantle Thick, solid zone.

Interactive Notebooks Digital Interactive Notebooks Presenter Docs/make_student… · Title: Interactive Notebooks Digital Interactive Notebooks Author: Arroyo-Mendez, Elizabeth Created

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Structure of the Earth Crust = solid outermost layer Mantle = middle layer Core = inner layer outer core = liquid inner core = solid.

Structure of the Earth Crust = solid outermost layer Mantle = middle layer Core = inner layer outer core = liquid inner core = solid.

iBlog Teacher Websites – Dearborn Public Schools...mantle is the largest layer of the Earth below the crust. Lithosphere is solid and acts rigid, solid whereas the asthenosphere

iBlog Teacher Websites – Dearborn Public Schools...mantle is the largest layer of the Earth below the crust. Lithosphere is solid and acts rigid, solid whereas the asthenosphere

50 Notebooks

50 Notebooks

Digital Notebooks

Digital Notebooks

Interactive Notebooks - Wikimedia · Interactive Notebooks Reynolds Secondary School Pro-D Workshop . What is an Interactive Notebook? ! ... Notebooks and Assessment ! How can Notebooks

Interactive Notebooks - Wikimedia · Interactive Notebooks Reynolds Secondary School Pro-D Workshop . What is an Interactive Notebook? ! ... Notebooks and Assessment ! How can Notebooks

Chapter III-1wavemetrics.net/doc/igorman/III-01 Notebooks.pdf · Plain and Formatted Notebooks There are two types of notebooks: • Plain notebooks. • Formatted notebooks. Formatted

Chapter III-1wavemetrics.net/doc/igorman/III-01 Notebooks.pdf · Plain and Formatted Notebooks There are two types of notebooks: • Plain notebooks. • Formatted notebooks. Formatted

Inquiry Notebooks

Inquiry Notebooks

(Solid) (Liquid) (Viscous) (Rocky) The crust moves when the mantle moves beneath it.

(Solid) (Liquid) (Viscous) (Rocky) The crust moves when the mantle moves beneath it.

VOLCANOES. Formation of Magma Even though the mantle is so hot it’s still mostly solid. Even though the mantle is so hot it’s still mostly solid. Why?Why?

VOLCANOES. Formation of Magma Even though the mantle is so hot it’s still mostly solid. Even though the mantle is so hot it’s still mostly solid. Why?Why?

Crust Mantle Inner Core Outer Core (liquid) · Inner Core (solid) Outer Core (liquid) Mantle Crust . San Andreas Fault . Crust Crust Manu c earth . TEcr0N1c: CYCLE ENERGY nnnn WATER

Crust Mantle Inner Core Outer Core (liquid) · Inner Core (solid) Outer Core (liquid) Mantle Crust . San Andreas Fault . Crust Crust Manu c earth . TEcr0N1c: CYCLE ENERGY nnnn WATER

Mantle plume tomography - McGill Universitysappho.eps.mcgill.ca/~olivia/666/2006/Plumes/nolet06b.pdf · Key words: seismic tomography, mantle plumes, upper mantle, lower mantle 1

Mantle plume tomography - McGill Universitysappho.eps.mcgill.ca/~olivia/666/2006/Plumes/nolet06b.pdf · Key words: seismic tomography, mantle plumes, upper mantle, lower mantle 1

Trotsky Notebooks

Trotsky Notebooks

Solidified iron 20004000 km6000800010,00012,000 solid mantle Mg(Fe) silicates crust Rapidly convecting, electrically conducting, fluid iron The outer core:

Solidified iron 20004000 km6000800010,00012,000 solid mantle Mg(Fe) silicates crust Rapidly convecting, electrically conducting, fluid iron The outer core: