Shadow

Shadow

• 5yr old quarter horse, gelding • Presented 2/14/2011 to NCSU with bilateral

mucopurulent nasal discharge for five months. The nasal discharge was not mal-oderous and Shadow had undergone two courses of antibiotics with no improvement.

Shadow Normal Normal

Shadow

Shadow

Histopathology• Diffuse, marked

eosinophilic and granulomatous rhinitis with intralesional fungal hyphae.

• Diagnosis of fungal rhinitis is supported by intra-lesional hyphea.

Fungal rhinitis in horses

• Mucopurulent nasal discharge, head shaking or shyness, increased respiratory noise that does not respond to antibiotics.

– “There was severe circumferential narrowing of both nasal passages and thickening of the nasal septum. The nasal conchae and turbinates were roughened and edematous, and the ventral meatii were decreased in size bilaterally. “ Korenek et al.

– Granulomatous plaques , turbinate erosion

Equine mycotic rhinitis

• Aspergillus – most commonly reported. Lesions similar to Shadows, occasionally granulomatous plaques. Good long term prognosis.

• Species reported in horses: Pseudallescheria boydii, Conidiobolus coronatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Penicillum sp. and Aspergillus spp.

Equine mycotic rhinitis

• Conidiobolus – granulomatous masses.

Equine mycotic rhinitis

• Rhinosporidiosis- Epistaxis after exercise. Granulomatous mass. Reported in India, Sri Lanka, Argentina and Costa Rica.

Rhinosporidiosis – in a mule

Rhinosporidium seeberiEndospore.

Treatments

• Daily lavages (enilconazole)and/or systemic antimicrobials (ketaconazole, itraconazole) and mechanical debridement.

• Potassium iodine, topical natamycin• Shadow is receiving fluconazole orally and

doing well at home at this time.