SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations Slide 1 SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United...
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Transcript of SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations Slide 1 SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United...
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Slide 1
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace
Operations
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace
Operations
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Slide 2
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
UN Charter, peacekeeping mandates
International law and peacekeeping
Other legal documents
National law
Internal UN rules and guidelines
Mission rules and directives
UN Charter, peacekeeping mandates
International law and peacekeeping
Other legal documents
National law
Internal UN rules and guidelines
Mission rules and directives
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Slide 3
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Charter is foundation for all UN activities
Peace and security are Security Council’s primary responsibility
Peacekeeping is a tool
Charter is foundation for all UN activities
Peace and security are Security Council’s primary responsibility
Peacekeeping is a tool
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Slide 4
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Mandate of a peace operationMandate of a peace operation
Legal basis of all activity
Authorized by Security Council
Modified according to ground reality
Legal basis of all activity
Authorized by Security Council
Modified according to ground reality
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Slide 5
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
International law and peacekeepingInternational law and peacekeeping
Humanitarian law
Human rights law
Other treaties, conventions
Humanitarian law
Human rights law
Other treaties, conventions
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Slide 6
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Restricts means and methodsof warfare
Protects civilians, victims andnon-combatants
4 Geneva Conventions (1949),2 Additional Protocols (1977)
Restricts means and methodsof warfare
Protects civilians, victims andnon-combatants
4 Geneva Conventions (1949),2 Additional Protocols (1977)
International humanitarian law: “Law of War”International humanitarian law: “Law of War”
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Slide 7
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Convention on Certain ConventionalWeapons, 1980
Ottawa Treaty, 1997 prohibitsanti-personnel mines
Cultural property, the environment,victims of conflict
Applicable in peacekeeping becauseof conflict potential
Convention on Certain ConventionalWeapons, 1980
Ottawa Treaty, 1997 prohibitsanti-personnel mines
Cultural property, the environment,victims of conflict
Applicable in peacekeeping becauseof conflict potential
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Slide 8
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
International human rights lawInternational human rights law
Charter of the United Nations(1945)
International Bill of HumanRights (1948)
Charter of the United Nations(1945)
International Bill of HumanRights (1948)
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Slide 9
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Examples of human-rights law Examples of human-rights law
Protects vulnerable groups (children, migrant workers)
Outlaws torture, outlaws discrimination (racial, against women)
Protects vulnerable groups (children, migrant workers)
Outlaws torture, outlaws discrimination (racial, against women)
Peacekeepers must uphold human rights in official and personal conduct
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Slide 10
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Convention on Safety of UNand Associated Personnel, 1994Convention on Safety of UNand Associated Personnel, 1994
Ensure safety, security of personnel, premises, operations
Prompt release of detained UN personnel without interrogation
Does not apply for combatants under Chapter VII of Charter
Ensure safety, security of personnel, premises, operations
Prompt release of detained UN personnel without interrogation
Does not apply for combatants under Chapter VII of Charter
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Slide 11
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Privileges andimmunities (1946): United NationsPrivileges andimmunities (1946): United Nations
Legal immunity for property, assets
Premises, documents inviolable
Exempt from direct taxes,customs duties
Legal immunity for property, assets
Premises, documents inviolable
Exempt from direct taxes,customs duties
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Slide 12
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Privileges andimmunities: officials, expertsPrivileges andimmunities: officials, experts
Legal immunity for official acts
Immunity from personal arrest, legal process
Inviolability of all papers and documents
Exemption from taxation on salaries
Legal immunity for official acts
Immunity from personal arrest, legal process
Inviolability of all papers and documents
Exemption from taxation on salaries
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Slide 13
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Courts, tribunals for war crimesCourts, tribunals for war crimes
International Criminal Court
International criminal tribunals for Rwanda, Yugoslavia
International Criminal Court
International criminal tribunals for Rwanda, Yugoslavia
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Slide 14
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Peace accordsPeace accords
Ceasefire agreement
Disengagement of forces
Phases of peace process
Ceasefire agreement
Disengagement of forces
Phases of peace process
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Slide 15
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
SOFA or SOMA provides forSOFA or SOMA provides for
Status of military, police contingents
Freedom of movement
Communications facilities
Use of weaponry, flags, uniforms
Privileges and immunities
Applicability of local laws
Claims and disputes
Status of military, police contingents
Freedom of movement
Communications facilities
Use of weaponry, flags, uniforms
Privileges and immunities
Applicability of local laws
Claims and disputes
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Slide 16
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
MOU sets terms forMOU sets terms for
Contributions
Obligations of contributing country
Obligations of United Nations
Contributions
Obligations of contributing country
Obligations of United Nations
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Slide 17
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
UN personnel subject to law of host country
Some immunities defined in SOMA or SOFA
Military members of contingents
Criminal jurisdiction of military law of homeland
Military observers, police officers, civilian staff
Some “functional immunity” that may be waived
UN personnel subject to law of host country
Some immunities defined in SOMA or SOFA
Military members of contingents
Criminal jurisdiction of military law of homeland
Military observers, police officers, civilian staff
Some “functional immunity” that may be waived
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Slide 18
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
UN internal rules and guidelinesUN internal rules and guidelines
Financial rules and regulations
Secretary-General’s bulletins
Financial rules and regulations
Secretary-General’s bulletins
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Slide 19
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Mission rules, directivesMission rules, directives
Concept of operations
Commander’s directives
Rules of engagement
Concept of operations
Commander’s directives
Rules of engagement
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Slide 20
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Rules of engagement (ROE) Rules of engagement (ROE)
From mission’s mandate
How, when to use force
Practical guidance to commanders
From mission’s mandate
How, when to use force
Practical guidance to commanders
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Slide 21
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
ROEROE
Constraints and latitude in using force
Right of self-defence
Minimum use of force
Minimum collateral damage
Use of force according to Charter, mandate
Constraints and latitude in using force
Right of self-defence
Minimum use of force
Minimum collateral damage
Use of force according to Charter, mandate
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Slide 22
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
ROE coverROE cover
Use of force
Use of weapons systems
Authority to carry weapons
Authority to detain, search, disarm
Reactions to civil actions or unrest
Use of force
Use of weapons systems
Authority to carry weapons
Authority to detain, search, disarm
Reactions to civil actions or unrest
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Slide 23
SGTM 3: Legal Framework of United Nations Peace Operations
Peacekeepers arePeacekeepers are
Provided a mandate and a mission
Expected to abide by laws of host country
Accorded privileges, immunities to accomplish mission
Held personally accountable if commit an offence
Given strict rules on how and when to use force
Provided a mandate and a mission
Expected to abide by laws of host country
Accorded privileges, immunities to accomplish mission
Held personally accountable if commit an offence
Given strict rules on how and when to use force