Sexual Reproduction in Plants Involves production of haploid gametes.
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Transcript of Sexual Reproduction in Plants Involves production of haploid gametes.
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Sexual Reproduction in Plants
• Involves production of haploid gametes
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What is the function of this fruit?
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Asexual Reproduction in Plants
•Produces offspring genetically identical to parent
•Also known as vegetative reproduction
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MethodsA. Stolons, or runners: horizontal, above-ground stems example: Bermuda grass, strawberries
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B. Bulbs: underground stems with modified leaves examples: onion, daffodil, tulip
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C. Rhizomes: horizontal, underground stems examples: ferns, irises
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D. Tubers: underground stems example: potato
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Germination
Water and oxygen are needed for a seed to sprout.Germination: process in which a plant embryo resumes its growth.The first sign of germination is the emergence of the root, or radicle
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Plant Growth and Development
I. Nutrients1. Carbon dioxide and water for
photosynthesis2. Oxygen for cellular respiration3. Minerals needed for growthNitrogen, phosphorus, potassiumMagnesium for photosynthesis
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II. Hormones
1. Auxin is a growth-promoting chemical that causes stems to bend.Auxin accumulates on the dark side of a plant and causes the cells to elongate.
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http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/auxin.htm
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2. Another hormone is ethylene, which is a gas.
Ethylene stimulates fruit ripening.3. Cytokinins – stimulate cytokinesis,
or cell division. 4. Gibberellins – produce dramatic
increases in size
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Environmental Influences
I. Tropisms: responses in which plants grow either toward or away from a stimulus
A. The bending of a plant toward the light is a positive phototropism.
B. The downward growth of roots is a positive gravitropism.
C. The upward growth of shoots is a negative gravitropism.
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D. Thigmotropism is a response to touch.
Coiling of a vine around a trellis is a positive thigmotropism.
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II. Nastic movements are rapid, reversible responses to non-directional stimuli.
Examples include opening and closing
of flowers and closing of a Venus fly trap
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III. Photoperiodism
• The response of a plant to the length of days and nights.
• Long-day plants produce flowers when days are longer than a certain number of hours.
• Examples: Irises
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• Short-day plants produce flowers when days are shorter than a certain number of hours.
• Examples: Poinsettias
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• Day-neutral plants do not require specific day lengths to flower.
Examples include roses, potatoes
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Plant life cycles alternate between producing spores and gametes.
• A two-phase life cycle is called alternation of generations. – haploid phase– diploid phase – alternates between
the two fertilizationfertilization
meiosismeiosis
SPOROPHYTE PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE PHASE
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–moss gametophytes look like green carpet
–moss sporophytes shoot up as stalklike structures
sporophyte (2n)sporophyte (2n)
gametophyte (1n)gametophyte (1n)
capsule
spores (1n)