Sewagerecyclinginsteadof wastewater treatment · 2015. 11. 16. · Blackwater Stormwater...

Modellare necesse est…

Béla Tolnai

Sewage recycling instead ofwastewater treatment

BioModel Bt.1112 Budapest Vadon u. 21.

www.biomodel.hu 1

Re-Water Braunschweig 2015„Integrated Concepts”

wastewater treatment


Cleaning only the used water(the last slide in 2013)

2013

Use

dw

ate

r

2Sewage recycling instead of wastewater treatment

The whole amount

of sludge


The CARISMO process

2014



Definition of wastewater

Wastewater is the end-product ofindustrial or communal waterconsumption; essentially it is any kindof water that has been polluted to theeffect of anthropogenic impact or,respectively, its original quality hasdegraded.

Wikipédia

toilet bathroom

laundry room

kitchen

ra

inw

ate

r


The sewage is the complex mix ofdifferent pollutants and water. Thepolluters' big part may not be withaccurate molecule combination and aconstruction, or in no way notnecessary (not economical) to define.

Pulai Judit (VE) - Helmut Kroiss - Karl Svardal

(TU Wien - Austria)

Sewage = the mix of waters with different contamination, which we mix up !

Wastewatertreatment =

ambition onto the re-separation of

the components.


Local sewage utilization(No mixture !!!)

Blackwater

Stormwater


Storage tank

Blackwater

Greywater

Heat

Current

Greywater

treatment

Blackwater

treatmentBiogasSludge

digestion

Vacuum pump

Clean water

Heat

exchanger

220 ~

Gen

era

tor

Ga

s en

gin

e

Irrigation water

Only the greywater is needed to clean!


Sewage utilization in LWWTP (large wastewater treatment plant)

Grid

Pre-

sedimentators

ReciverWastewater

Lignit

powder

Ozo

ne

do

sin

g

Cas

ca

de

aer

atio

n

Biological filters

(Pe ~10)

Gas engine

Sludge digestion

towers

Griddust

Rinsewater

reservoir

Rinsewater

pumpstationAeration

Th

e w

hu

le

am

ou

nt

of

slu

dge

Cleaned water

Use

d w

ate

r


Cav

itro

n

(Des

inte

grat

ion

) Sludge

thickener

MBiogas storage

Lignimix

granules

Dehydrating &

desiccative

equipment

Dehydrated sludge

Dehydrating

machine Composting

Row

slu

dg

e

Dig

este

d s

lud

ge

G Generator

Heat-exchanger

Watewater treatment plant

Emulsion


Some remarks to Integrated Concepts

1Sewage utilization instead of wastewater treatment

Row sludge 25-26 MJ/ dry kgExcess sludge 20-21 MJ/ dry kgDigested sludge 11-12 MJ/ dry kg

Cleaning only the used water without the sludge as biofilmholder.

Use the degisted sludge in the agrickulture!


Use the degisted sludge in the agrickulture!Simple drying, Composting or LIGNIMIX ?

2The problem of heavy metals

4Phosphorus removal : why?

3Discharge fee, but we are not pollutants !


Listing the charcteristical variables

Variable name Sign SI dimension

Nutrient degradation rate ∆S kg/m3

Kinematic viscosity ν m2/s

Velocity of filtration w m/s

Diffusion coefficient of oxygen DO2 m2/s

Redoxpotentiall Eh m2kg/s3/A

Biologically active layer thickness L m

Faraday constant F As/mol

Abszolute temperature T K

Molar gas constant R m2kg/s2/K/mol

Diffusion coefficient of substrate D m2/s

2013


∆S ν w DO2 Eh L F T R DS CO2 dm

m -3 2 1 2 2 1 0 0 2 2 -3 1

B kg 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 A

s 0 -1 -1 -1 -3 0 1 0 -2 -1 0 0

K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0

A 0 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

mol 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0

Diffusion coefficient of substrate DS m2/s

Dissolved oxygen level CO2 kg/m3

Size of standard particle dm m

Dimension matrix


Reduction the number of variables

∆S ν w DO2 EhL F T R DS CO2 d

m -3 2 1 2 2 1 0 0 2 2 -3 1

B kg 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 A

s 0 -1 -1 -1 -3 0 1 0 -2 -1 0 0

K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0

A 0 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

mol 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0

Π11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0

Π20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0

D Π30 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 1 C = - (A-1B)T

Π 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0

Dimension matrix

2013


Π1 = ∆S / CO2 Ratio of concentrations

Π2 = ν / DS Sc-number (Schmidt)

Π3 = w d / DS Pe-number (Peclet)

Π4 = DO2 / DS Ratio of diffusion coefficients

Π5 = Eh F / RT Ne-coefficient (Nernst)

Π6 = L / d Geometric ratio

Π40 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0

Π50 0 0 0 1 0 1 -1 -1 0 0 0

Π60 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Results matrix


The formula trough heuristic ideas

2

1 1( )O

m

LS C Sc rH Pe

Pe d Peµ µ ϕ∆ = =

where rH = rH ( Ne, pH)

dimensionless redoxpotential

2013


Interval of bank filtration

φ1 < φ2


Interpretation of the Pe-number

m

S

w dPe =

D

where w [m/s] is the filtering ratedm [m] is the standard particle diameter

(in the case of sand filter it is equal tothe typical particle diameter)

Ds [m2/s] is the diffusion factor of substrate


Ds [m2/s] is the diffusion factor of substrate

(the decomposable pollutant)

convective velocity

conductive velocity=

S

m

wPe =

D

d

diffusion time

retention time

= =

2

m

2

s m m

m s m s

d

D d w dτ wPe = = =

d t D d D

w

1Pe �


The bank filtration process

Partial Process Driving force Maintened by

Convective flow (persolation)

to the biofilmPressure different Pumping

2013


Serialproceeding

to the biofilmPressure different Pumping

Conductive flow (diffusion)

into the biofilmConcentration different Work of bacteria

Bio-chemical degradation

inside the biofilmRedox envinronment

Life-drive of

bacteria

Feedback

Logistic

terms

„Climatic”

conditions


Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten)

E enzyme

S substrate

ES complex

P product

1

1

k

k−←→ →2k

E + S ES P + E

0 Km [S]

vmax

vmax / 2

mm

m

K

v

K

kk

dt

d

Kk

kk

k

kk

kkkdt

d

+=

+==

=+

++

=

=+

=+−=

−

−

−

]S[

]S[

]S[

]S[E][]ES[

]P[

,

]S[

]S[E][]ES[

E][]ES[]E[

0]ES)[(]S][E[]ES[

max022

1

21

1

21

0

0

211

The resultThe differntial equastion system


0 [S]

Substrate

Active centre

The substrate

enters the

enzyme’s active

centre

Enzyme-substrate

complex

Enzyme and

end-product

complex

The enzyme’s shape changes

as soon astha substrate is

adsorbed

End-products

The end-products leave the

enzyme’s active centre

(the enzyme recovers its

original shape)

mm KKdt ++ ]S[]S[

With enzyme

Without enzyme

Product

Reaction time

En

erg

ie

Substrate aktiválásiE∆

aktiválásiE∆

∆E

∆Eactivate

∆Eactivate

Reduce the activate energyPitching the patterns


Kinetics of microbial reproduction(Monod)

n = 0

n = 1

n=2

n = 3

n = 4

n

0x = x 2n: the number of generations

Microorganism

dividing by binary

fission

M

dx= µ x

dt

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 5 10 15

idő

x

óra

x

t

0exx µ=

∞Mµ t

0x = x eFundamental

relationship of micro-

reproduction

x [

-]

t [h]

g

tn

t=

Reproduction of relative growthBinary fission

ln 2 0,693= =


Exponenciális növekedés X0=2 és µ=0,5Exponential growth x0=2, µM=0,5

M

dx x= µ x 1-

dt KM-µ t

0

Kx =

1+ x e

K=800 x0=399, µM=0,5

M-µ t

0

Kx =

1 + x e

t [h]

x [-]

Monod-coefficientLogistics function

ln 2 0,693g

M M

tµ µ

= =


Reproduction and mortality


x

x0

Time

Sta

tion

ary

ph

ase

Dest

ru

ctio

n p

ha

se

LA

G s

tage

Acce

lera

tin

g g

row

th s

tage

Ex

po

nen

tial

ph

ase

Decc

lin

ing

ph

ase


The biological filter-theorie

2 -

1 1( )

1O b Pe

m

LS Pe C rH Sc

Pe d a e Pe

βµ ϕ∆ = =

+

9

10

11

12

13

14

dS∆S

-( ) :

1 b PePe

a e

βµ µ= =

+

0<Pe<1

The microbes are hungry because they

do not recieve enough nutrient

Pe~1


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

−1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Pe

Slender

biological filtration

Efficient

Unstable range

„Hungry” biofilm: the biofilm do not recive nutrient

„Hungry” biofilm:

the nutrient do not get in.

Filter cofficient

Nutrient degradation

Pe

φ1

φ2

φ1 < φ2

Pe~1

Instable range

Pe>1

Effective biological filtration

Pe>>1

The food does not get into because it

passes quickly in front of the biofilm.

The biological filtration is not effective.


Measure of efficiency

Bank filtration Slow filtration Rapid filtraton

dm 1,3 mm 1,3 mm 1,3 mm

w 0,1 m/d 0,1 m/h 15 m/h

Ds 5,00E-10 m2/s 5,00E-10 m2/s 5,00E-10 m2/s


Ds 5,00E-10 m2/s 5,00E-10 m2/s 5,00E-10 m2/s

ν 1,30E-06 m2/s 1,30E-06 m2/s 1,30E-06 m2/s

Re 0,0012 Laminar flow 0,03 Laminar flow 4,17 Laminar flow

Pe 3,0 Effective biology 72,2 Some biology 10833,3Very small

biology


Interconnecting processes

Michaelis-Menten

kineticsMonod kinetics

Theory of

biologocal filtration

Bacteria

-------------------------

Logistical function

Enzyme

-------------------------

Semi-saturation factor


Theory What is it about?The place of occurrence

Key parameter

Michaelis-Menten kinetics

Metabolism of cells Cell Reaction rate

Monod kineticsMicrobial reproduction

Biofilm Relative growth factor

Theory of biological filtering

Biological filteringBiological reactor

Filtering factor


Axioms of biological filtration

1. Bacteria does not know in wich process or equipmnet workshe.

2. For the adhesion the biofilm a firm surface is required.Biofilmholders primal attributes are the equivalence and standard grain diameters

3. The nutrients has to transport to the biofilm.It is not enough to transport it, the nutrient must go in .


The logistics task is characterized by the Pe-number and has basically physical character.

4. The reactions within the biofilm are controlled by the Michaelis-Menten and Monod kinetics.

The „climatic” conditions of biochemical eventsis given by pH and rH = rH (temperature, redox potential).


Measurements observe the biofilm

Electron microscopy imageBioreactor


Microbial balance in function of time

∆ CODps, ∆ BOD5

PCR polymerase chain reaktion


The Biological Diversity

Variety of enzyms, that the„Great Creator” has constructed,

The Biological (Bacteria) Diversity

Houshold of microorganisms

the result of PCR measurement

100%

Nutrient


measurement


Filtration of the pharmaremains

Jekel’ Expeiment Result of Experiment


w= 0,28 m/d (~bankfiltration)

Dosage of known compoundsEasily and difficult degradation of

materials


Do some homework

Newton’s laws and Maxwell’s equations are axioms. They are sound not just because they are straight reasonable, rather because the consequences drawn from them are equal to reality.

Károly Simonyi

What happens in winter?


What happens in winter?

Could be explained by means of the filtration theory!How?


Anaerob sludge digestion

These are actionsto reduce the Pe-number

Three matter are important:• to mix,• to heat,• end dezintegration

Here are working inside bacteria !


Temperature °C

Generation / hour

Exterme termofil

Termofil

Mezofil

Psichofil

How can we explain this„quantum” character?


Thank you for attention!


Béla TOLNAI

worked in watersupply

at the Waterworks of Budapest

Sewagerecyclinginsteadof wastewater treatment · 2015. 11. 16. · Blackwater Stormwater...

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